CVN/CAT CVN_CAT_E.doc (English)

CVN/CAT CVN_CAT_C.doc (Chinese)

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约

Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984

Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984

Entry into force: 26 June 1987, in accordance with article 27(1)

Entry into force: 26 June 1987, in accordance with article 27(1)

Text: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 1465, p. 85.

Text: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 1465, p. 85.

The States Parties to this Convention,

本公约缔约各国，

Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

考虑到根据《联合国宪章》宣布的原则，承认人类大家庭一切成员具有平等与不可剥夺的权利是世界自由、公正与和平的基础，

Recognizing that those rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,

认识到上述权利起源于人的固有尊严，

Considering the obligation of States under the Charter, in particular Article 55, to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,

考虑到根据《宪章》尤其是第五十五条的规定，各国有义务促进对人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵守，

Having regard to article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, both of which provide that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,

注意到《世界人权宣言》第5条和《公民权利和政治权利国际盟约》第7条都规定不允许对任何人施行酷刑或残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，

Having regard also to the Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 1975,

并注意到大会于1975年12月9日通过的《保护人人不受酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚宣言》，

Desiring to make more effective the struggle against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment throughout the world,

希望在全世界更有效地开展反对酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的斗争，

Have agreed as follows:

兹协议如下：

PART I

第 一 部 分

Article 1

第 1 条

1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "torture" means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.

1. 为本公约的目的，“酷刑”是指为了向某人或第三者取得情报或供状，为了他或第三者所作或涉嫌的行为对他加以处罚，或为了恐吓或威胁他或第三者，或为了基于 任何一种歧视的任何理由，蓄意使某人在肉体或精神上遭受剧烈疼痛或痛苦的任何行为，而这种疼痛或痛苦是由公职人员或以官方身份行使职权的其他人所造成或在 其唆使、同意或默许下造成的。

It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.

纯因法律制裁而引起或法律制裁所固有或附带的疼痛或痛苦不包括在内。

2. This article is without prejudice to any international instrument or national legislation which does or may contain provisions of wider application.

2. 本条规定并不妨碍载有或可能载有适用范围较广的规定的任何国际文书或国家法律。

Article 2

第 2 条

1. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction.

1. 每一缔约国应采取有效的立法、行政、司法或其他措施，防止在其管辖的任何领土内出现酷刑的行为。

2. No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.

2. 任何特殊情况，不论为战争状态、战争威胁、国内政局动荡或任何其他社会紧急状态，均不得援引为施行酷刑的理由。

3. An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture.

3. 上级官员或政府当局的命令不得援引为施行酷刑的理由。

Article 3

第 3 条

1. No State Party shall expel, return ("refouler") or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.

1. 如有充分理由相信任何人在另一国家将有遭受酷刑的危险，任何缔约国不得将该人驱逐、遣返或引渡至该国。

2. For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.

2. 为了确定这种理由是否存在，有关当局应考虑到所有有关的因素，包括在适当情况下，考虑到在有关国家境内是否存在一贯严重、公然、大规模侵犯人权的情况。

Article 4

第 4 条

1. Each State Party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under its criminal law.

1. 每一缔约国应保证将一切酷刑行为定为刑事罪行。

The same shall apply to an attempt to commit torture and to an act by any person which constitutes complicity or participation in torture.

该项规定也应适用于施行酷刑的企图以及任何人合谋或参与酷刑的行为。

2. Each State Party shall make these offences punishable by appropriate penalties which take into account their grave nature.

2. 每一缔约国应根据上述罪行的严重程度，规定适当的惩罚。

Article 5

第 5 条

1. Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences referred to in article 4 in the following cases:

1. 每一缔约国应采取各种必要措施，确定在下列情况下，该国对第4条所述的罪行有管辖权：

(a) When the offences are committed in any territory under its jurisdiction or on board a ship or aircraft registered in that State;

这种罪行发生在其管辖的任何领土内，或在该国注册的船舶或飞机上；

(b) When the alleged offender is a national of that State;

被控罪犯为该国国民；

(c) When the victim is a national of that State if that State considers it appropriate.

受害人为该国国民，而该国认为应予管辖。

2. Each State Party shall likewise take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over such offences in cases where the alleged offender is present in any territory under its jurisdiction and it does not extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article.

2. 每一缔约国也应采取必要措施，确定在下列情况下，该国对此种罪行有管辖权：被控罪犯在该国管辖的任何领土内，而该国不按第8条规定将其引渡至本条第1款所述的任何国家。

3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with internal law.

3. 本公约不排除按照国内法行使的任何刑事管辖权。

Article 6

第 6 条

1. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence.

1. 任何缔约国管辖的领土内如有被控犯有第4条所述罪行的人，该国应于审查所获情报后确认根据情况有此必要时，将此人拘留，或采取其他法律措施确保此人留在当地。

The custody and other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted.

拘留和其他法律措施应合乎该国法律的规定，但延续时间只限于进行任何刑事诉讼或引渡程序所需的时间。

2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts.

2. 该缔约国应立即对事实进行初步调查。

3. Any person in custody pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national, or, if he is a stateless person, with the representative of the State where he usually resides.

3. 按照本条第1款被拘留的任何人，应得到协助，立即与距离最近的本国适当代表联系，如为无国籍人，则与其通常居住国的代表联系。

4. When a State, pursuant to this article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify the States referred to in article 5, paragraph 1, of the fact that such person is in custody and of the circumstances which warrant his detention.

4. 任何国家依据本条将某人拘留时，应立即将此人已被拘留及构成扣押理由的情况通知第5条第1款所指的国家。

The State which makes the preliminary inquiry contemplated in paragraph 2 of this article shall promptly report its findings to the said States and shall indicate whether it intends to exercise jurisdiction.

进行本条第2款所指的初步调查的国家，应迅速将调查结果告知上述国家，并说明是否有意行使管辖权。

Article 7

第 7 条

1. The State Party in the territory under whose jurisdiction a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is found shall in the cases contemplated in article 5, if it does not extradite him, submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.

1. 缔约国如在其管辖领土内发现有被控犯有第4条所述任何罪行的人，在第5条所指的情况下，如不进行引渡，则应将该案提交主管当局以便起诉。

2. These authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any ordinary offence of a serious nature under the law of that State.

2. 主管当局应根据该国法律，以审理情节严重的任何普通犯罪案件的同样方式作出判决。

In the cases referred to in article 5, paragraph 2, the standards of evidence required for prosecution and conviction shall in no way be less stringent than those which apply in the cases referred to in article 5, paragraph 1.

对第5条第2款所指的情况，起诉和定罪所需证据的标准决不应宽于第5条第1款所指情况适用的标准。

3. Any person regarding whom proceedings are brought in connection with any of the offences referred to in article 4 shall be guaranteed fair treatment at all stages of the proceedings.

3. 任何人因第4条规定的任何罪行而被起诉时，应保证他在诉讼的所有阶段都得到公平的待遇。

Article 8

第 8 条

1. The offences referred to in article 4 shall be deemed to be included as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties.

1. 第4条所述各种罪行应视为属于缔约各国间现有的任何引渡条约所列的可引渡罪行。

States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them.

缔约各国保证将此种罪行作为可引渡罪行列入将来相互之间缔结的每项引渡条约。

2. If a State Party which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of such offences.

2. 以订有条约为引渡条件的缔约国，如收到未与其签订引渡条约的另一缔约国的引渡请求，可将本公约视为对此种罪行要求引渡的法律根据。

Extradition shall be subject to the other conditions provided by the law of the requested State.

引渡必须符合被请求国法律规定的其它条件。

3. States Parties which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognize such offences as extraditable offences between themselves subject to the conditions provided by the law of the requested State.

3. 不以订有条约为引渡条件的缔约国，应在相互之间承认此种罪行为可引渡罪行，但须符合被请求国法律规定的各种条件。

4. Such offences shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition between States Parties, as if they had been committed not only in the place in which they occurred but also in the territories of the States required to establish their jurisdiction in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1.

4. 为在缔约国间进行引渡的目的，应将此种罪行视为不仅发生在行为地，而且发生在按照第5条第1款必须确定管辖权的国家领土内。

Article 9

第 9 条

1. States Parties shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal proceedings brought in respect of any of the offences referred to in article 4, including the supply of all evidence at their disposal necessary for the proceedings.

1. 缔约各国在就第4条所规定的任何罪行提出刑事诉讼方面，应尽量相互协助，其中包括提供它们所掌握的为诉讼所必需的一切证据。

2. States Parties shall carry out their obligations under paragraph 1 of this article in conformity with any treaties on mutual judicial assistance that may exist between them.

2. 缔约各国应依照它们之间可能订有的关于相互提供司法协助的条约履行其在本条第1款下的义务。

Article 10

第 10 条

1. Each State Party shall ensure that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment.

1. 每一缔约国应保证在可能参与拘留、审讯或处理遭到任何形式的逮捕、扣押或监禁的人的民事或军事执法人员、医务人员、公职人员及其他人员的训练中，充分列入关于禁止酷刑的教育和资料。

2. Each State Party shall include this prohibition in the rules or instructions issued in regard to the duties and functions of any such person.

2. 每一缔约国应将禁止酷刑列入所发关于此类人员职务的规则或指示之中。

Article 11

第 11 条

Each State Party shall keep under systematic review interrogation rules, instructions, methods and practices as well as arrangements for the custody and treatment of persons subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment in any territory under its jurisdiction, with a view to preventing any cases of torture.

每一缔约国应经常有系统地审查对在其管辖的领土内遭到任何形式的逮捕、扣押或监禁的人进行审讯的规则、指示、方法和惯例以及对他们的拘留和待遇的安排，以避免发生任何酷刑事件。

Article 12

第 12 条

Each State Party shall ensure that its competent authorities proceed to a prompt and impartial investigation, wherever there is reasonable ground to believe that an act of torture has been committed in any territory under its jurisdiction.

每一缔约国应确保在有适当理由认为在其管辖的任何领土内已发生酷刑行为时，其主管当局立即进行公正的调查。

Article 13

第 13 条

Each State Party shall ensure that any individual who alleges he has been subjected to torture in any territory under its jurisdiction has the right to complain to, and to have his case promptly and impartially examined by, its competent authorities.

每一缔约国应确保凡声称在其管辖的任何领土内遭到酷刑的个人有权向该国主管当局申诉，并由该国主管当局对其案件进行迅速而公正的审查。

Steps shall be taken to ensure that the complainant and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of his complaint or any evidence given.

应采取步骤确保申诉人和证人不因提出申诉或提供证据而遭受任何虐待或恐吓。

Article 14

第 14 条

1. Each State Party shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible.

1. 每一缔约国应在其法律体制内确保酷刑受害者得到补偿，并享有获得公平和充分赔偿的强制执行权利，其中包括尽量使其完全复原。

In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependants shall be entitled to compensation.

如果受害者因受酷刑而死亡，其受抚养人应有获得赔偿的权利。

2. Nothing in this article shall affect any right of the victim or other persons to compensation which may exist under national law.

2. 本条任何规定均不影响受害者或其他人根据国家法律可能获得赔偿的任何权利。

Article 15

第 15 条

Each State Party shall ensure that any statement which is established to have been made as a result of torture shall not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made.

每一缔约国应确保在任何诉讼程序中，不得援引任何业经确定系以酷刑取得的口供为证据，但这类口供可用作被控施用酷刑者刑求逼供的证据。

Article 16

第 16 条

1. Each State Party shall undertake to prevent in any territory under its jurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment which do not amount to torture as defined in article 1, when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.

1. 每一缔约国应保证防止公职人员或以官方身份行使职权的其他人在该国管辖的任何领土内施加、唆使、同意或默许未达第1条所述酷刑程度的其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的行为。

In particular, the obligations contained in articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall apply with the substitution for references to torture of references to other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

特别是第10、第11、第12和第13条所规定义务均应适用，惟其中酷刑一词均以其他形式的残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚等字代替。

2. The provisions of this Convention are without prejudice to the provisions of any other international instrument or national law which prohibits cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or which relates to extradition or expulsion.

2. 本公约各项规定不妨碍任何其他国际文书或国家法律中关于禁止残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚、或有关引渡或驱逐的规定。

PART II

第 二 部 分

Article 17

第 17 条

1. There shall be established a Committee against Torture (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) which shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided.

1. 应设立禁止酷刑委员会(以下简称委员会)，履行下文所规定的职责。

The Committee shall consist of ten experts of high moral standing and recognized competence in the field of human rights, who shall serve in their personal capacity.

委员会应由具有崇高道德地位和公认在人权领域具有专长的十名专家组成，他们应以个人身份任职。

The experts shall be elected by the States Parties, consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution and to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience.

专家应由缔约国选举产生，同时考虑到公平地区分配和一些具有法律经验的人员参加的好处。

2. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties.

2. 委员会成员应从缔约国提名的名单中以无记名投票方式选举产生。

Each State Party may nominate one person from among its own nationals.

每一缔约国可从本国国民中提名一人。

States Parties shall bear in mind the usefulness of nominating persons who are also members of the Human Rights Committee established under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and who are willing to serve on the Committee against Torture.

缔约国应考虑到从根据《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》成立的人权事务委员会委员中提名愿意担任禁止酷刑委员会成员的人是有好处的。

3. Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at biennial meetings of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

3. 委员会成员的选举应在由联合国秘书长召开的两年一期的缔约国会议上进行。

At those meetings, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those who obtain the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting.

这些会议以三分之二缔约国的出席为法定人数，获票最多且占出席并参加表决的缔约国代表所投票数的绝对多数者，即当选为委员会成员。

4. The initial election shall be held no later than six months after the date of the entry into force of this Convention.

4. 委员会的第一次选举应在本公约生效之日起六个月以内进行。

At least four months before the date of each election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within three months.

联合国秘书长应在委员会每次选举之日前至少四个月，以书面邀请本公约缔约国在三个月内提出委员会成员候选人名单。

The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties.

秘书长应将经提名的所有人选按字母顺序开列名单，注明提名的缔约国，并将名单送交本公约缔约国。

5. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years.

5. 委员会成员当选后任期应为四年。

They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated.

如经再度提名，连选可连任。

However, the term of five of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years; immediately after the first election the names of these five members shall be chosen by lot by the chairman of the meeting referred to in paragraph 3 of this article.

但首次当选的成员中有五名成员的任期应于两年届满；首次选举后，本条第3款所指会议的主席应立即以抽签方式选定这五名成员。

6. If a member of the Committee dies or resigns or for any other cause can no longer perform his Committee duties, the State Party which nominated him shall appoint another expert from among its nationals to serve for the remainder of his term, subject to the approval of the majority of the States Parties.

6. 如委员会成员死亡，或辞职，或因任何其他原因不能履行其在委员会的职责，提名他的缔约国应从其国民中任命另一名专家补足其任期，但须获得过半数缔约国的同意。

The approval shall be considered given unless half or more of the States Parties respond negatively within six weeks after having been informed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the proposed appointment.

在联合国秘书长通知提议的任命六个星期内，如无半数或半数以上缔约国表示反对，这一任命应视为已获同意。

7. States Parties shall be responsible for the expenses of the members of the Committee while they are in performance of Committee duties.

7. 缔约各国应负担委员会成员履行委员会职责时的费用。

Article 18

第 18 条

1. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years.

1. 委员会应选举其主席团，任期两年。

They may be re-elected.

连选可连任。

2. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure, but these rules shall provide, inter alia, that:

2. 委员会应自行制定其议事规则，但该规则中除其他外应规定：

(a) Six members shall constitute a quorum; (b) Decisions of the Committee shall be made by a majority vote of the members present.

六名成员构成法定人数； 委员会的决定应以出席成员的过半数票作出。

3. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary staff and facilities for the effective performance of the functions of the Committee under this Convention.

3. 联合国秘书长应提供必要的人员和设施，供委员会有效履行本公约规定的职责。

4. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene the initial meeting of the Committee. After its initial meeting, the Committee shall meet at such times as shall be provided in its rules of procedure.

4. 根据本公约设立的委员会的委员应按照大会可能规定的条件从联合国资源中领取津贴。

5. The States Parties shall be responsible for expenses incurred in connection with the holding of meetings of the States Parties and of the Committee, including reimbursement to the United Nations for any expenses, such as the cost of staff and facilities, incurred by the United Nations pursuant to paragraph 3 of this article.

5. 联合国秘书长应召开委员会的首次会议。 首次会议以后，委员会应按其议事规则规定的时间开会。

Article 19

第 19 条

1. The States Parties shall submit to the Committee, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, reports on the measures they have taken to give effect to their undertakings under this Convention, within one year after the entry into force of the Convention for the State Party concerned.

1. 缔约国应在本公约对其生效后一年内，通过联合国秘书长向委员会提交关于其为履行公约义务所采措施的报告。

Thereafter the States Parties shall submit supplementary reports every four years on any new measures taken and such other reports as the Committee may request.

随后，缔约国应每四年提交关于其所采新措施的补充报告以及委员会可能要求的其它报告。

2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit the reports to all States Parties.

2. 联合国秘书长应将这些报告送交所有缔约国。

3. Each report shall be considered by the Committee which may make such general comments on the report as it may consider appropriate and shall forward these to the State Party concerned.

3. 每份报告应由委员会加以审议，委员会可以对报告提出它认为适当的一般性评论，并将其转交有关缔约国。

That State Party may respond with any observations it chooses to the Committee.

该缔约国可以随意向委员会提出任何说明，作为答复。

4. The Committee may, at its discretion, decide to include any comments made by it in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article, together with the observations thereon received from the State Party concerned, in its annual report made in accordance with article 24.

4. 委员会可以斟酌情况决定将它按照本条第3款所作的任何评论，连同从有关缔约国收到的这方面的说明，载入其按照第24条所编写的年度报告。

If so requested by the State Party concerned, the Committee may also include a copy of the report submitted under paragraph 1 of this article.

应有关缔约国的请求，委员会还可在其中附载根据本条第1款提交的报告。

Article 20

第 20 条

1. If the Committee receives reliable information which appears to it to contain well-founded indications that torture is being systematically practised in the territory of a State Party, the Committee shall invite that State Party to co-operate in the examination of the information and to this end to submit observations with regard to the information concerned.

1. 如果委员会收到可靠的情报，认为其中有确凿迹象显示在某一缔约国境内经常施行酷刑，委员会应请该缔约国合作研究该情报，并为此目的就有关情报提出说明。

2. Taking into account any observations which may have been submitted by the State Party concerned, as well as any other relevant information available to it, the Committee may, if it decides that this is warranted, designate one or more of its members to make a confidential inquiry and to report to the Committee urgently.

2. 委员会考虑到有关缔约国可能提出的任何说明以及可能得到的其他有关情报，如果认为有正当理由，可以指派一名或几名成员进行秘密调查并立即向委员会提出报告。

3. If an inquiry is made in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the Committee shall seek the co-operation of the State Party concerned.

3. 如果是根据本条第2款进行调查，委员会应寻求有关缔约国的合作。

In agreement with that State Party, such an inquiry may include a visit to its territory.

在该缔约国的同意下，这种调查可以包括到该国境内访问。

4. After examining the findings of its member or members submitted in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the Commission shall transmit these findings to the State Party concerned together with any comments or suggestions which seem appropriate in view of the situation.

4. 委员会审查其成员按照本条第2款所提交的调查结果后，应将这些结果连同根据情况似乎适当的任何意见或建议一并转交该有关缔约国。

5. All the proceedings of the Committee referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 of this article shall be confidential, and at all stages of the proceedings the co-operation of the State Party shall be sought.

5. 本条第1至第4款所指委员会的一切程序均应保密，在程序的各个阶段，均应寻求缔约国的合作。

After such proceedings have been completed with regard to an inquiry made in accordance with paragraph 2, the Committee may, after consultations with the State Party concerned, decide to include a summary account of the results of the proceedings in its annual report made in accordance with article 24.

这种按照第2款所进行的调查程序完成后，委员会在与有关缔约国协商后，可将关于这种程序的结果摘要载入其按照第24条所编写的年度报告。

Article 21

第 21 条

1. A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications to the effect that a State Party claims that another State Party is not fulfilling its obligations under this Convention.

1. 本公约缔约国可在任何时候根据本条，声明承认委员会有权接受和审议某一缔约国声称另一缔约国未履行本公约所规定义务的来文。

Such communications may be received and considered according to the procedures laid down in this article only if submitted by a State Party which has made a declaration recognizing in regard to itself the competence of the Committee.

但须提出此种来文的缔约国已声明本身承认委员会有此权限，委员会方可按照本条规定的程序接受和审议此种来文。

No communication shall be dealt with by the Committee under this article if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration.

如来文涉及未曾作出此种声明的缔约国，则委员会不得根据本条规定加以处理。

Communi cations received under this article shall be dealt with in accordance with the following procedure:

根据本条规定所接受的来文应按下列程序处理：

(a) If a State Party considers that another State Party is not giving effect to the provisions of this Convention, it may, by written communication, bring the matter to the attention of that State Party.

某一缔约国如认为另一缔约国未实行本公约的规定，可用书面通知提请后者注意这一问题。

Within three months after the receipt of the communication the receiving State shall afford the State which sent the communication an explanation or any other statement in writing clarifying the matter, which should include, to the extent possible and pertinent, reference to domestic procedures and remedies taken, pending or available in the matter;

收文国在收到通知后三个月内应书面向发文国提出解释或任何其他声明以澄清问题，其中应尽量适当地提到对此事已经采取、将要采取或可以采取的国内措施和补救办法；

(b) If the matter is not adjusted to the satisfaction of both States Parties concerned within six months after the receipt by the receiving State of the initial communication, either State shall have the right to refer the matter to the Committee, by notice given to the Committee and to the other State;

如在收文国收到最初来文后六个月内，未能以有关缔约国双方均感满意的方式处理这一问题，任何一方均有权以通知方式将此事提交委员会，并通知另一方；

(c) The Committee shall deal with a matter referred to it under this article only after it has ascertained that all domestic remedies have been invoked and exhausted in the matter, in conformity with the generally recognized principles of international law.

委员会对根据本条提交给它的事项，只有在已查明对该事项已依公认的国际法原则援引和用尽一切国内补救办法时，方可予以处理。

This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective relief to the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention;

但补救办法的施行如发生不当稽延，或违反本公约行为的受害者不可能得到有效救济，则此一规则不适用；

(d) The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under this article;

委员会根据本条审查来文时，应举行非公开会议；

(e) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (c), the Committee shall make available its good offices to the States Parties concerned with a view to a friendly solution of the matter on the basis of respect for the obligations provided for in this Convention.

在不违反(c)项规定的情况下，委员会应对有关缔约国提供斡旋，以便在尊重本公约所规定的义务的基础上，友好地解决问题。

For this purpose, the Committee may, when appropriate, set up an ad hoc conciliation commission;

为此，委员会可于适当时设立一个特设调解委员会；

(f) In any matter referred to it under this article, the Committee may call upon the States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), to supply any relevant information;

委员会对根据本条提交的任何事项均可要求(b)项所指有关缔约国提供任何有关的资料；

(g) The States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), shall have the right to be represented when the matter is being considered by the Committee and to make submissions orally and/or in writing;

委员会审议事项时，(b)项所指有关缔约国应有权派代表出席并提出口头和(或)书面意见；

(h) The Committee shall, within twelve months after the date of receipt of notice under subparagraph (b), submit a report:

委员会应在收到(b)项规定的通知之日起十二个月内提出报告：

(I) If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is reached, the Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts and of the solution reached; (ii) If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is not reached, the Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts; the written submissions and record of the oral submissions made by the States Parties concerned shall be attached to the report.

如能按(e)项规定解决，委员会的报告应限于简单叙述事实和所达成的解决办法； 如不能按(e)项规定解决，委员会的报告应限于简单叙述事实；有关缔约国的书面意见和口头意见记录应附于报告之后。

In every matter, the report shall be communicated to the States Parties concerned.

关于上述每种事项的报告均应送交有关缔约国。

2. The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article.

2. 在本公约五个缔约国根据本条第1款作出声明后，本条规定即行生效。

Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties.

缔约国应将这种声明交存于联合国秘书长，秘书长应将声明副本分送其他缔约国。

A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General.

此类声明可随时通知秘书长予以撤销。

Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by any State Party shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the Secretary-General, unless the State Party concerned has made a new declaration.

这种撤销不得妨碍对根据本条已发文书中所载任何事项的审议。 秘书长在收到任何缔约国通知撤销的声明后，不应再接受其根据本条所发的其他来文，除非有关缔约国已作出新的声明。

Article 22

第 22 条

1. A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from or on behalf of individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by a State Party of the provisions of the Convention.

1. 本公约缔约国可在任何时候根据本条，声明承认委员会有权接受和审议在该国管辖下声称因该缔约国违反本公约条款而受害的个人或其代表所送交的来文。

No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration.

如来文涉及未曾作出这种声明的缔约国，则委员会不应予以接受。

2. The Committee shall consider inadmissible any communication under this article which is anonymous or which it considers to be an abuse of the right of submission of such communications or to be incompatible with the provisions of this Convention.

2. 根据本条提出的任何来文如采用匿名方式或经委员会认为滥用提出此类文书的权利或与本公约规定不符，委员会应视为不能接受。

3. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, the Committee shall bring any communications submitted to it under this article to the attention of the State Party to this Convention which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 and is alleged to be violating any provisions of the Convention.

3. 在不违反第2款规定的前提下，对于根据本条提交委员会的任何来文，委员会应提请根据第1款作出声明并被指称违反本公约任何规定的本公约缔约国予以注意。

Within six months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State.

收文国应在六个月内向委员会提出书面解释或声明以澄清问题，如该国已采取任何补救办法，也应加以说明。

4. The Committee shall consider communications received under this article in the light of all information made available to it by or on behalf of the individual and by the State Party concerned.

4. 委员会应参照个人或其代表以及有关缔约国所提供的一切资料，审议根据本条所收到的来文。

5. The Committee shall not consider any communications from an individual under this article unless it has ascertained that:

5. 委员会除非已查明下述情况，不应审议个人根据本条提交的来文：

(a) The same matter has not been, and is not being, examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement;

同一事项过去和现在均未受到另一国际调查程序或解决办法的审查；

(b) The individual has exhausted all available domestic remedies; this shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective relief to the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention.

个人已用尽一切国内补救办法；但在补救办法的施行已发生不当稽延或对违反本公约行为的受害者不可能提供有效救济的情况下，本规则不适用。

6. The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under this article.

6. 委员会根据本条审查来文时，应举行非公开会议。

7. The Committee shall forward its views to the State Party concerned and to the individual.

7. 委员会应将其意见告知有关缔约国和个人。

8. The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article.

8. 在本公约五个缔约国根据本条第1款作出声明后，本条规定即行生效。

Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties.

缔约国应将这种声明交存于联合国秘书长，秘书长应将声明副本分送其他缔约国。

A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General.

此类声明可随时通知秘书长予以撤销。

Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by or on behalf of an individual shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the Secretary- General, unless the State Party has made a new declaration.

这种撤销不得妨碍对根据本条已发文书中所载任何事项的审议。 秘书长在收到任何缔约国通知撤销的声明后，不应再接受个人或其代表根据本条所发的其他来文，除非有关缔约国已作出新的声明。

Article 23

第 23 条

The members of the Committee and of the ad hoc conciliation commissions which may be appointed under article 21, paragraph 1 (e), shall be entitled to the facilities, privileges and immunities of experts on mission for the United Nations as laid down in the relevant sections of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations.

委员会成员和根据第21条第1款(e)项任命的特设调解委员会成员，根据《联合国特权和豁免公约》有关章节的规定，应享有为联合国服勤的专家的便利、特权和豁免。

Article 24

第 24 条

The Committee shall submit an annual report on its activities under this Convention to the States Parties and to the General Assembly of the United Nations.

委员会应根据本公约向缔约国和联合国大会提交一份关于其活动的年度报告。

PART III

第 三 部 分

Article 25

第 25 条

1. This Convention is open for signature by all States.

1. 本公约对所有国家开放签字。

2. This Convention is subject to ratification.

2. 本公约需经批准。

Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

批准书应交存于联合国秘书长。

Article 26

第 26 条

This Convention is open to accession by all States.

本公约对所有国家开放加入。

Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

一旦加入书交存于联合国秘书长，加入即行生效。

Article 27

第 27 条

1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.

1. 本公约在第二十份批准书或加入书交存于联合国秘书长之日起第三十天开始生效。

2. For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.

2. 在第二十份批准书或加入书交存后批准或加入本公约的国家，本公约在其批准书或加入书交存之日起第三十天对该国开始生效。

Article 28

第 28 条

1. Each State may, at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in article 20.

1. 各国在签署或批准本公约或在加入本公约时，可声明不承认第20条所规定的委员会的职权。

2. Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article may, at any time, withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. 按照本条第1款作出保留的任何缔约国，可随时通知联合国秘书长撤销其保留。

Article 29

第 29 条

1 . Any State Party to this Convention may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. 本公约任何缔约国均可提出修正案，并送交联合国秘书长。

The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposal.

然后由秘书长将这一提议的修正案转交缔约各国，并要求它们通知秘书长是否同意举行一次缔约国会议以便审议和表决这一提案。

In the event that within four months from the date of such communication at least one third of the States Parties favours such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations.

如在来文发出之日起四个月内至少有三分之一的缔约国同意召开这样一次会议，秘书长应在联合国主持下召开这次会议。

Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to all the States Parties for acceptance.

由出席会议并参加表决的缔约国过半数通过的任何修正案应由秘书长提请所有缔约国同意。

2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article shall enter into force when two thirds of the States Parties to this Convention have notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they have accepted it in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.

2. 当本公约三分之二的缔约国通知联合国秘书长，它们已按照本国的宪法程序同意这一修正案时，按照本条第1款通过的修正案即行生效。

3. When amendments enter into force, they shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisions of this Convention and any earlier amendments which they have accepted.

3. 修正案一经生效，即应对同意修正案的国家具有拘束力，其他国家则仍受本公约条款或以前经其同意的修正案的拘束。

Article 30

第 30 条

1. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration.

1. 两个或两个以上缔约国之间有关本公约的解释或适用的任何争端，如不能通过谈判解决，在其中一方的要求下，应提交仲裁。

If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.

如果自要求仲裁之日起六个月内各方不能就仲裁之组织达成一致意见，任何一方均可按照国际法院规约要求将此争端提交国际法院。

2. Each State may, at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article.

2. 每一国家均可在签署或批准本公约或加入本公约时，宣布认为本条第1款对其无拘束力。

The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 1 of this article with respect to any State Party having made such a reservation.

其他缔约国在涉及作出这类保留的任何国家时，亦不受本条第1款的拘束。

3. Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

3. 按照本条第2款作出保留的任何缔约国，可随时通知联合国秘书长撤销其保留。

Article 31

第 31 条

1. A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. 缔约国可以书面通知联合国秘书长退约。

Denunciation becomes effective one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General .

秘书长收到通知书之日起一年后，退约即行生效。

2. Such a denunciation shall not have the effect of releasing the State Party from its obligations under this Convention in regard to any act or omission which occurs prior to the date at which the denunciation becomes effective, nor shall denunciation prejudice in any way the continued consideration of any matter which is already under consideration by the Committee prior to the date at which the denunciation becomes effective.

2. 这种退约不具有解除缔约国有关退约生效之日前发生的任何行为或不行为在本公约下所承担的义务的效果。 退约也不得以任何方式妨碍委员会继续审议在退约生效前已在审议的任何问题。

3. Following the date at which the denunciation of a State Party becomes effective, the Committee shall not commence consideration of any new matter regarding that State.

3. 自一个缔约国的退约生效之日起，委员会不得开始审议有关该国的任何新问题。

Article 32

第 32 条

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States Members of the United Nations and all States which have signed this Convention or acceded to it of the following:

联合国秘书长应将下列事项通知联合国所有会员国和本公约所有签署国或加入国：

(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under articles 25 and 26;

根据第25条和第26条进行的签署、批准和加入情况；

(b) The date of entry into force of this Convention under article 27 and the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 29;

本公约根据第27条生效日期；任何修正案根据第29条生效日期；

(c) Denunciations under article 31.

根据第31条退约情况。

Article 33

第 33 条

1. This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. 本公约的阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文文本具有同等效力，应交存于联合国秘书长。

2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of this Convention to all States.

2. 联合国秘书长应将本公约的正式副本转送给所有国家。