CCPR

CCPR

General comment No. 11:

第11号一般性意见：

Article 20

第二十条

Nineteenth session (1983)

第十九届会议(1983年)

1. Not all reports submitted by States parties have provided sufficient information as to the implementation of article 20 of the Covenant.

1. 并非所有缔约国提出的报告都提供了关于《公约》第二十条执行情况的充分资料。

In view of the nature of article 20, States parties are obliged to adopt the necessary legislative measures prohibiting the actions referred to therein.

鉴于第二十条的性质，缔约国必须采取必要立法措施，禁止第二十条所涉行动。

However, the reports have shown that in some States such actions are neither prohibited by law nor are appropriate efforts intended or made to prohibit them.

但报告反映，一些国家既无立法禁止此类行动，也没有作出适当努力或不打算作出适当努力来禁止此类行动。

Furthermore, many reports failed to give sufficient information concerning the relevant national legislation and practice.

此外，许多报告没有充分提供有关的国家立法和实施情况的资料。

2. Article 20 of the Covenant states that any propaganda for war and any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law.

2. 《公约》第二十条阐明，任何鼓吹战争的宣传，鼓吹民族、种族或宗教仇恨的主张，构成煽动歧视、敌视或强暴者，应以法律加以禁止。

In the opinion of the Committee, these required prohibitions are fully compatible with the right of freedom of expression as contained in article 19, the exercise of which carries with it special duties and responsibilities.

委员会认为，这些需要禁止的行为和第十九条所载发表自由这种权利的情况一样，行使后者时带有特殊的义务和责任。

The prohibition under paragraph 1 extends to all forms of propaganda threatening or resulting in an act of aggression or breach of the peace contrary to the Charter of the United Nations, while paragraph 2 is directed against any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, whether such propaganda or advocacy has aims which are internal or external to the State concerned.

第1款禁止可能导致或实际导致侵略行动、破坏《联合国宪章》所主张的和平的一切形式的宣传，第2款则直接反对任何鼓吹民族、种族或宗教仇恨，构成煽动歧视、敌视或强暴行动的主张，不问此类宣传或主张的目的是针对有关国家内部还是外部。

The provisions of article 20, paragraph 1, do not prohibit advocacy of the sovereign right of self-defence or the right of peoples to self-determination and independence in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

第二十条第1款的规定并不禁止关于自卫的主权或符合《宪章》的人民自决和独立权利的主张。

For article 20 to become fully effective there ought to be a law making it clear that propaganda and advocacy as described therein are contrary to public policy and providing for an appropriate sanction in case of violation.

第二十条要充分有效，就必须有一条法律明确规定第二十条所指宣传和主张均违反公共政策，并规定在出现违反情况时适当的制裁措施。

The Committee, therefore, believes that States parties which have not yet done so should take the measures necessary to fulfil the obligations contained in article 20, and should themselves refrain from any such propaganda or advocacy.

因此，委员会认为，尚未这么做的缔约国应采取必要措施，履行第二十条所载义务，并且本身应不进行此类宣传或鼓吹此类主张。