GENERAL COMMENTS {§1}ADOPTED BY THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE{§2}

人权事务委员会通过的{§1}一般性意见{§2}

Introduction{§3}

导言{§3}

The introduction to document CCPR/C/21/Rev.1 (General comments adopted by the Human Rights Committee under article 40, paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; date: 19 May 1989) explains the purpose of the general comments as follows:

CCPR/C/21/Rev.1号文件(人权事务委员会根据《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第四十条第4款通过的一般性意见；日期：1989年5月19日)在其导言中对一般性意见的目的阐述如下：

“The Committee wishes to reiterate its desire to assist States parties in fulfilling their reporting obligations.

“委员会要重申其协助各缔约国履行其提出报告义务的意愿。

These general comments draw attention to some aspects of this matter but do not purport to be limitative or to attribute any priority between different aspects of the implementation of the Covenant.

本附件的一般性意见提请注意这个问题的某些方面，但不意味着是限制性的、或在执行《公约》的各不同方面之间有任何优先之分。

These comments will, from time to time, be followed by others as constraints of time and further experience may make possible.

除了这些意见外，在时间限制和进一步经验的可能范围内，将随时提出其他意见。

“The Committee so far has examined 77 initial reports, 34 second periodic reports and, in some cases, additional information and supplementary reports.

“委员会到目前已审查了77份初步报告和34份第二次定期报告，并在某些情况下，也审查了附加资料和补充报告。

This experience, therefore, now covers a significant number of the States which have ratified the Covenant, at present 87.

因此，这项经验目前已包括了相当多的已批准公约的国家，如今共有87个。

They represent different regions of the world with different political, social and legal systems and their reports illustrate most of the problems which may arise in implementing the Covenant, although they do not afford any complete basis for a worldwide review of the situation as regards civil and political rights.

它们代表世界不同的地区，具有不同的政治、社会和法律制度，而它们的报告说明了在执行《公约》时可引起的大多数问题，虽然，它们并没有为审查全球的公民权利和政治权利的状况提供任何完整的基础。

“The purpose of these general comments is to make this experience available for the benefit of all States parties in order to promote their further implementation of the Covenant; to draw their attention to insufficiencies disclosed by a large number of reports; to suggest improvements in the reporting procedure and to stimulate the activities of these States and international organizations in the promotion and protection of human rights.

“这些一般性意见的目的是让所有缔约国能从这些经验中得益，以促进它们进一步执行《公约》；请它们注意许多报告所显露的不足之处；建议改进提出报告的程序并刺激这些国家和国际组织在促进和保护人权方面的活动。

These comments should also be of interest to other States, especially those preparing to become parties to the Covenant and thus to strengthen the cooperation of all States in the universal promotion and protection of human rights.

这些意见也应使其他国家有兴趣，特别是那些准备成为《公约》缔约国的国家，因而，加强了一切国家在普遍促进和保护人权方面的合作。”

Notes

注

{§1}For the nature and purpose of the general comments, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty sixth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/36/40), annex VII, introduction.

{§1}关于一般性意见的性质和目的，见《大会正式记录，第三十六届会议，补编第40号》(A/36/40)，附件七，导言。

For a description of the history of the method of work, the elaboration of general comments and their use, ibid., Thirty ninth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/39/40 and Corr.1 and 2), paragraphs 541 557.

关于工作方法的历史、一般性意见的拟订及其使用情况的说明，同前，《第三十九届会议，补编第40号》(A/39/40和Corr.1和2)，第541-557段。

For the text of the general comments already adopted by the Committee, ibid., Thirty sixth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/36/40), annex VII; ibid., Thirty seventh Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/37/40), annex VI, ibid., Thirty eighth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/38/40), annex VI; ibid., Thirty ninth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/39/40 and Corr.1 and 2), annex V; ibid., Fortieth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/40/40), annex VI; ibid., Forty first Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/41/40), annex VI; ibid., Forty third Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/43/40), annex VI; ibid., Forty fourth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/44/40), annex VI; ibid., Forty fifth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/45/40), annex VI; ibid., Forty seventh Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/47/40), annex VI; ibid., Forty ninth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/49/40), annex V; and ibid., Fiftieth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/45/40), annex V; and ibid., Fifty third Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/53/40), annex VII.

关于委员会已经通过的一般性意见，同前，《第三十六届会议，补编第40号》(A/36/40)，附件七；同前，《第三十七届会议，补编第40号》(A/37/40)，附件五；同前，《第三十八届会议，补编第40号》(A/38/40)，附件六；同前，《第三十九届会议，补编第40号》(A/39/40和Corr.1和2)，附件六；同前，《第四十届会议，补编第40号》(A/40/40)，附件六；同前，《第四十一届会议，补编第40号》(A/41/40)，附件六；同前，《第四十三届会议，补编第40号》(A/43/40)，附件六；同前，《第四十四届会议，补编第40号》(A/44/40)，附件六；同前，《第四十五届会议，补编第40号》(A/45/40)，附件六；同前， 《第四十七届会议，补编第40号》(A/47/40)，附件六；同前，《第四十九届会议，补编第40号》(A/49/40)，附件五；同前，《第五十届会议，补编第40号》(A/50/40)，附件五；同前，《第五十三届会议，补编第40号》(A/53/40)，附件七。

Also issued in documents CCPR/C/21/Rev.1 and Rev.1/Add.1 9.

也以CCPR/C/21/Rev.1和Rev.1/Add.1-9的文号印发。

{§2}For document references, see annex 2.

{§2}参考文件见附件二。

{§3}See Report of the Human Rights Committee, Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty sixth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/36/40), annex VII.

{§3}见人权事务委员会的报告，《大会正式记录，第三十六届会议，补编第40号》(A/36/40)，附件七。

General comment No. 1:

第1号一般性意见：

Reporting obligation

报告义务

Thirteenth session (1981)

第十三届会议(1981年)

[General comment No. 1 has been replaced by general comment No. 30]

[General comment No. 1 has been replaced by general comment No. 30]

States parties have undertaken to submit reports in accordance with article 40 of the Covenant within one year of its entry into force for the States parties concerned and, thereafter, whenever the Committee so requests.

各缔约国承担依照《公约》第四十条在该公约对有关缔约国生效后的一年内，及此后每逢委员会要求这样做时提出报告。

Until the present time only the first part of this provision, calling for initial reports, has become regularly operative.

到目前为止，这项规定只有第一部分要求提出初步报告的内容经常有效。

The Committee notes, as appears from its annual reports, that only a small number of States have submitted their reports on time.

如其年度报告所示，委员会指出，只有少数国家按时提出了报告。

Most of them have been submitted with delays ranging from a few months to several years and some States parties are still in default despite repeated reminders and other actions by the Committee.

大多数国家都延迟提出，延迟数月以至数年不等，而有些缔约国虽屡经委员会提醒和采取其他行动，仍未提出。

The fact that most States parties have nevertheless, even if somewhat late, engaged in a constructive dialogue with the Committee suggests that the States parties normally ought to be able to fulfil the reporting obligation within the time limit prescribed by article 40 (1) and that it would be in their own interest to do so in the future.

不过，多数缔约国，尽管迟了一点，仍然同委员会进行了建设性对话，这一事实说明缔约国通常应该能够在第四十条第1款规定的时限内履行其提出报告的义务的，并且这样做将来对它们也是有利的。

In the process of ratifying the Covenant, States should pay immediate attention to their reporting obligation since the proper preparation of a report which covers so many civil and political rights necessarily does require time.

在批准《公约》的过程中，各国应立即注意其提出报告的义务，因为要编写好有关这么多公民权利和政治权利的报告必然需要时间。