CCPR

CCPR

General comment No. 2:

第2号一般性意见：

Reporting guidelines

报告准则

Thirteenth session (1981)

第十三届会议(1981年)

1. The Committee has noted that some of the reports submitted initially were so brief and general that the Committee found it necessary to elaborate general guidelines regarding the form and content of reports.

1. 委员会注意到有些初期提出的报告过于简单、笼统，因而委员会认为必须制定有关报告的形式和内容的一般准则。

These guidelines were designed to ensure that reports are presented in a uniform manner and to enable the Committee and States parties to obtain a complete picture of the situation in each State as regards the implementation of the rights referred to in the Covenant.

这些准则的目的是保证报告是用统一的方式提出，并使委员会和各缔约国能够对各国关于执行《公约》中的权利的情况有全面的了解。

Despite the guidelines, however, some reports are still so brief and general that they do not satisfy the reporting obligations under article 40.

不过，尽管有了这些准则，有些报告还是十分简单、笼统，不能尽到第四十条规定的提出报告的义务。

2. Article 2 of the Covenant requires States parties to adopt such legislative or other measures and provide such remedies as may be necessary to implement the Covenant.

2. 《公约》第二条规定各缔约国采纳为执行《公约》可能需要的那种法律或其他措施，以及提供补充办法。

Article 40 requires States parties to submit to the Committee reports on the measures adopted by them, on the progress made in the enjoyment of the Covenant rights and the factors and difficulties, if any, affecting the implementation of the Covenant.

第四十条要求各缔约国就它们采取的措施，在享有《公约》权利方面取得的进展，以及影响执行《公约》的任何因素和困难，向委员会提出报告。

Even reports which were in their form generally in accordance with the guidelines have in substance been incomplete.

甚至在形式上大致符合准则的报告，在实质上也不完全。

It has been difficult to understand from some reports whether the Covenant had been implemented as part of national legislation and many of them were clearly incomplete as regards relevant legislation.

有些报告令人难于了解是否把《公约》作为国家法律一部分来执行。 有许多报告在有关法律方面显然不完全。

In some reports the role of national bodies or organs in supervising and in implementing the rights had not been made clear.

有些报告没有清楚说明国家机关或机构在监督和执行权利方面所起的作用。

Further, very few reports have given any account of the factors and difficulties affecting the implementation of the Covenant.

此外，很少有报告丝毫提到影响执行《公约》的因素及困难。

3. The Committee considers that the reporting obligation embraces not only the relevant laws and other norms relating to the obligations under the Covenant but also the practices and decisions of courts and other organs of the State party as well as further relevant facts which are likely to show the degree of the actual implementation and enjoyment of the rights recognized in the Covenant, the progress achieved and factors and difficulties in implementing the obligations under the Covenant.

3. 委员会认为提出报告的义务不仅包括有关的法律和有关《公约》规定义务的其他准则，而且包括缔约国的法院和其他机构的惯例及决定，以及可能显示《公约》承认的权利的实际执行和享受的程度的其他有关事实，在执行《公约》规定的义务中所取得的进展和所涉的种种因素及困难。

4. It is the practice of the Committee, in accordance with Rule 68 of its Provisional Rules of Procedure, to examine reports in the presence of representatives of the reporting States.

4. 委员会的惯例是，依照暂行议事规则第68条，在提出报告国家的代表面前审查报告。

All States whose reports have been examined have cooperated with the Committee in this way but the level, experience and the number of representatives have varied.

其报告获得审查的所有国家都在这方面与委员会合作，不过代表的级别、经验和人数则有不同。

The Committee wishes to state that, if it is to be able to perform its functions under article 40 as effectively as possible and if the reporting State is to obtain the maximum benefit from the dialogue, it is desirable that the States representatives should have such status and experience (and preferably be in such number) as to respond to questions put, and the comments made, in the Committee over the whole range of matters covered by the Covenant.

委员会要指出，如要尽可能有效地行使第四十条规定的职能，又如提出报告的国家要从对话中得到最大的益处，最好是各国代表应有这样的地位、经验(和最好有这样的人数)可在委员会内就《公约》所涉的全部事项提出的问题和表示的意见，加以答复。