CCPR

CCPR

General comment No. 9:

第9号一般性意见：

Article 10 (Humane treatment of persons deprived of their liberty)

第十条(被剥夺自由的人的待遇问题)

Sixteenth session (1982)

第十六届会议(1982年)

[General comment No. 9 has been replaced by general comment No. 21]

[General comment No. 9 has been replaced by general comment No. 21]

1. Article 10, paragraph 1 of the Covenant provides that all persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person. However, by no means all the reports submitted by States parties have contained information on the way in which this paragraph of the article is being implemented.

1. 《公约》第十条第1款规定，所有被剥夺自由的人应得到人道及尊重其固有的人格尊严的待遇，然而，这绝不是说缔约国提交的所有报告都载有关于它们以什么方式执行这项条款的资料。

The Committee is of the opinion that it would be desirable for the reports of States parties to contain specific information on the legal measures designed to protect that right.

委员会认为，由缔约国报告载明关于旨在保护这项权利的法律措施的具体资料，是可取的。

The Committee also considers that reports should indicate the concrete measures being taken by the competent State organs to monitor the mandatory implementation of national legislation concerning the humane treatment and respect for the human dignity of all persons deprived of their liberty that paragraph 1 requires.

委员会也认为，报告应当指明国家主管机关采取了那些具体措施来监督第1款所规定的对所有被剥夺自由的人给予人道及尊严其人格尊严的待遇的国家法律强制执行的情况。

The Committee notes, in particular, that paragraph 1 of this article is generally applicable to persons deprived of their liberty, whereas paragraph 2 deals with accused as distinct from convicted persons, and paragraph 3 with convicted persons only.

委员会特别注意到，第十条第1款普遍适用于被剥夺自由的人，第2款涉及被控告，而非被判罪的人，第3款仅涉及被判罪的人。 各国的报告主要牵涉到被控告和被判罪的人。

This structure quite often is not reflected in the reports, which mainly have related to accused and convicted persons.

这些报告经常没有按照以上的办法把不同情况加以区分。

The wording of paragraph 1, its context - especially its proximity to article 9, paragraph 1, which also deals with all deprivations of liberty - and its purpose support a broad application of the principle expressed in that provision.

第1款的用词，其前后文，特别是它类似也涉及一切被剥夺自由情况的第九条第1款，以及它的宗旨，均显示，本条款所阐释的原则应广泛适用。

Moreover, the Committee recalls that this article supplements article 7 as regards the treatment of all persons deprived of their liberty.

此外，委员会回顾，对于被剥夺自由的人应受什么待遇，本条款补充了第七条的不足。

The humane treatment and the respect for the dignity of all persons deprived of their liberty is a basic standard of universal application which cannot depend entirely on material resources.

对所有被剥夺自由的人给予人道待遇及尊重其尊严，是普遍适用的基本标准，不得完全视物质资源多少而定。

While the Committee is aware that in other respects the modalities and conditions of detention may vary with the available resources, they must always be applied without discrimination, as required by article 2 (1).

虽然委员会知道，在其他方面，拘禁的方式和情况可能会随可用的资源而不不同，但如同第二条第1款的规定，一概不得有歧视待遇。

Ultimate responsibility for the observance of this principle rests with the State as regards all institutions where persons are lawfully held against their will, not only in prisons but also, for example, hospitals, detention camps or correctional institutions.

对于违反人犯意愿，依法拘禁人犯的机构，促使它们遵守这些原则的最后责任落在缔约国的肩上，这不仅指监狱，也包括医院、拘留营或改造所等。

2. Subparagraph 2 (a) of the article provides that, save in exceptional circumstances, accused persons shall be segregated from convicted persons and shall receive separate treatment appropriate to their status as unconvicted persons.

2. 第十条第2款(甲)项规定，除特殊情况外，被控告的人应与被判罪的人隔离，并应给予适合于未判罪者身份的分别待遇。

Some reports have failed to pay proper attention to this direct requirement of the Covenant and, as a result, to provide adequate information on the way in which the treatment of accused persons differs from that of convicted persons.

有些报告未适当地注意到《公约》这项直接明了的规定，因而也就没有提供充分资料，说明被控告的人所受待遇同被判罪的人有何不同。

Such information should be included in future reports.

将来的报告应当包括这种资料。

Subparagraph 2 (b) of the article calls, inter alia, for accused juvenile persons to be separated from adults.

第十条第2款(乙)项除别的以外，要求将被控告的少年同成年人分开。

The information in reports shows that a number of States are not taking sufficient account of the fact that this is an unconditional requirement of the Covenant.

从报告提供的资料看，若干缔约国并没有充分顾到《公约》这项未附加条件的规定。

It is the Committee’s opinion that, as is clear from the text of the Covenant, deviation from States parties’ obligations under subparagraph 2 (b) cannot be justified by any consideration whatsoever.

委员会认为，如《公约》案文的明确规定，无论任何考虑都不能开脱偏离第2款(乙)项所规定缔约国义务的责任。

3. In a number of cases, the information appearing in reports with respect to paragraph 3 of the article has contained no concrete mention either of legislative or administrative measures or of practical steps to promote the reformation and social rehabilitation of prisoners, by, for example, education, vocational training and useful work.

3. 在若干情况下，报告中所载有关第十条第3款的资料并没有明确地提到采取了什么立法或行政措施，或采取了什么实际步骤来推动囚犯的改造和社会复原。 举例来说，可采用教育、职业训练和做有益的工作等办法。

Allowing visits, in particular by family members, is normally also such a measure which is required for reasons of humanity.

允许特别是家属探访通常也是这种措施之一，这是出于人道的理由。

There are also similar lacunae in the reports of certain States with respect to information concerning juvenile offenders, who must be segregated from adults and given treatment appropriate to their age and legal status.

某些缔约国的报告对于应当同成年人隔离，并给予适合其年龄及法律地位的待遇的少年罪犯，也没有提供任何资料。

4. The Committee further notes that the principles of humane treatment and respect for human dignity set out in paragraph 1 are the basis for the more specific and limited obligations of States in the field of criminal justice set out in paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 10.

4. 委员会进一步注意到，第十条第2和第3款阐明的、各缔约国在刑事法领域更加具体和有限的义务是以第1款所阐述的人道待遇和尊重人格尊严的原则为基础的。

The segregation of accused persons from convicted ones is required in order to emphasize their status as unconvicted persons who are at the same time protected by the presumption of innocence stated in article 14, paragraph 2.

被控告的人应当同被判罪的人分开，以便强调他们未被判罪的身份，同时，他们也受到第十四条第2款所说的无罪假定原则的保护。

The aim of these provisions is to protect the groups mentioned, and the requirements contained therein should be seen in that light.

这些条款旨在保护所提到的各种人，其中的规定也应当如此看待。

Thus, for example, the segregation and treatment of juvenile offenders should be provided for in such a way that it promotes their reformation and social rehabilitation.

因此，举例来说，隔离和对待少年罪犯的方式应当有助于他们的改造和社会复原。