CERD/GC/14 CERD_GR_14E.docx (English)	CERD/GC/14 CERD_GR_14C.docx (Chinese)
CERD	CERD
General recommendation XIV on article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention	第十四号一般性建议：《公约》第一条第一款
Forty-second session (1993)	第四十二届会议(1993年)
1. Non-discrimination, together with equality before the law and equal protection of the law without any discrimination, constitutes a basic principle in the protection of human rights. The Committee wishes to draw the attention of States parties to certain features of the definition of racial discrimination in article 1, paragraph 1, of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.	1. 不歧视加上法律之前人人平等和法律不加歧视给予平等保护是保护人权的一项基本原则，委员会要提请各缔约国注意《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》第一条第一款有关种族歧视定义的一些特点。
It is of the opinion that the words “based on” do not bear any meaning different from “on the grounds of” in preambular paragraph 7. A distinction is contrary to the Convention if it has either the purpose or the effect of impairing particular rights and freedoms.	委员会认为，序言部分第七段使用“基于”和“以…为理由”在意义上绝对没有不同，如果其目的或产生的效果是在损害特定的权利和自由，则明显地违反了《公约》的精神。
This is confirmed by the obligation placed upon States parties by article 2, paragraph 1 (c), to nullify any law or practice which has the effect of creating or perpetuating racial discrimination.	第二条第一款(寅)项确认了缔约国有义务废除任何具有造成或长期存在种族歧视效果的法律或做法。
2. The Committee observes that a differentiation of treatment will not constitute discrimination if the criteria for such differentiation, judged against the objectives and purposes of the Convention, are legitimate or fall within the scope of article 1, paragraph 4, of the Convention.	2. 委员会认为，如果根据《公约》的目标和宗旨判断某项差别待遇是正当的或在《公约》第一条第四款的范围内，则该项差别待遇就不构成歧视。
In considering the criteria that may have been employed, the Committee will acknowledge that particular actions may have varied purposes.	在审议可能采用的标准时，委员会承认有些特定行动可能具有不同的目的。
In seeking to determine whether an action has an effect contrary to the Convention, it will look to see whether that action has an unjustifiable disparate impact upon a group distinguished by race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin.	在设法确定一项行动是否会产生有悖于《公约》的作用时，它将会审查这种行动是否对按种族、肤色、族系或民族或族裔血统而分类的人群产生毫无道理的全然不同的影响。
3. Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention also refers to the political, economic, social and cultural fields; the related rights and freedoms are set up in article 5.	3. 《公约》第一条第一款还提到政治、经济、社会和文化领域的问题；有关的权利和自由载于第五条。
Contained in document A/48/18.	载于A/48/18号文件。