CERD/GC/27 CERD_GR_27E.docx (English)	CERD/GC/27 CERD_GR_27C.docx (Chinese)
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General recommendation XXVII on discrimination against Roma	第二十七号一般性建议：对罗姆人的歧视
Fifty-seventh session (2000)	第五十七届会议(2000年)
The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination,	消除种族歧视委员会，
Having in mind the submissions from States parties to the International Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, their periodic reports submitted under article 9 of the Convention, as well as the concluding observations adopted by the Committee in connection with the consideration of States parties’ periodic reports,	考虑到《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》缔约国提交的资料、根据《公约》第九条提交的定期报告以及委员会在审议缔约国定期报告之后通过的结论性意见；
Having organized a thematic discussion on the issue of discrimination against Roma and received the contributions of members of the Committee, as well as contributions by experts from United Nations bodies and other treaty bodies and from regional organizations,	安排举行了关于歧视罗姆人问题的专题讨论会，收到委员会成员提供的资料，以及联合国机构、其他条约机构和区域组织专家提供的资料，
Having also received the contributions of interested non-governmental organizations, both orally during the informal meeting organized with them and through written information,	还收到有关非政府组织在与它们一起举行的非正式会议上以口头和书面形式提交的资料，
Taking into account the provisions of the Convention,	考虑到《公约》的规定，
Recommends that the States parties to the Convention, taking into account their specific situations, adopt for the benefit of members of the Roma communities, inter alia, all or part of the following measures, as appropriate.	建议《公约》缔约国根据各自的具体情况为保护罗姆社区成员的利益，除其他外，特别要视情况采取下述全部和部分措施：
1. Measures of a general nature	1. 一般性措施
1. To review and enact or amend legislation, as appropriate, in order to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination against Roma as against other persons or groups, in accordance with the Convention.	1. 视情况审查和制定或修订立法，以按照《公约》消除对罗姆人以及其他人或群体的一切形式种族歧视。
2. To adopt and implement national strategies and programmes and express determined political will and moral leadership, with a view to improving the situation of Roma and their protection against discrimination by State bodies, as well as by any person or organization.	2. 通过和执行国家战略和方案，表示坚定的政治意愿和精神领导，改善罗姆人的境遇，加强国家机关以及个人或组织对他们的保护，使他们免受歧视。
3. To respect the wishes of Roma as to the designation they want to be given and the group to which they want to belong.	3. 在群体指定和归属方面，尊重罗姆人的愿望。
4. To ensure that legislation regarding citizenship and naturalization does not discriminate against members of Roma communities.	4. 确保有关公民资格和入籍的立法不歧视罗姆社区成员。
5. To take all necessary measures in order to avoid any form of discrimination against immigrants or asylum-seekers of Roma origin.	5. 采取一切必要措施避免对罗姆移民或寻求庇护者的歧视。
6. To take into account, in all programmes and projects planned and implemented and in all measures adopted, the situation of Roma women, who are often victims of double discrimination.	6. 在所有计划和执行的方案和项目以及所有措施中，考虑到时常遭受双重歧视的罗姆妇女的情况。
7. To take appropriate measures to secure for members of Roma communities effective remedies and to ensure that justice is fully and promptly done in cases concerning violations of their fundamental rights and freedoms.	7. 采取适当措施确保罗姆社区成员在其基本权利和自由遭受侵犯的情况下得到有效补救，确保立即和充分为他们伸张正义。
8. To develop and encourage appropriate modalities of communication and dialogue between Roma communities and central and local authorities.	8. 制定和鼓励实行罗姆社区与中央和地方当局进行交流和对话的适当形式。
9. To endeavour, by encouraging a genuine dialogue, consultations or other appropriate means, to improve the relations between Roma communities and non-Roma communities, in particular at local levels, with a view to promoting tolerance and overcoming prejudices and negative stereotypes on both sides, to promoting efforts for adjustment and adaptation and to avoiding discrimination and ensuring that all persons fully enjoy their human rights and freedoms.	9. 鼓励进行真诚对话、协商或其他适当交流，努力改善罗姆社区和非罗姆社区的关系，特别是在地方，以便促进相互容忍，克服偏见和成见，促进调整和适应，避免歧视，确保所有人充分享有人权和自由。
10. To acknowledge wrongs done during the Second World War to Roma communities by deportation and extermination and consider ways of compensating for them.	10. 承认在第二次世界大战期间对罗姆社区实行的驱逐和消灭的错误做法，考虑如何给他们以赔偿。
11. To take the necessary measures, in cooperation with civil society, and initiate projects to develop the political culture and educate the population as a whole in a spirit of non-discrimination, respect for others and tolerance, in particular concerning Roma.	11. 与民间社会合作采取必要措施，实行政治文化发展计划，以不歧视、尊重他人和容忍精神教育民众，特别是要平等对待罗姆人。
2. Measures for protection against racial violence	2. 针对种族暴力的保护措施
12. To ensure protection of the security and integrity of Roma, without any discrimination, by adopting measures for preventing racially motivated acts of violence against them; to ensure prompt action by the police, the prosecutors and the judiciary for investigating and punishing such acts; and to ensure that perpetrators, be they public officials or other persons, do not enjoy any degree of impunity.	12. 为确保罗姆人的安全和尊严，使他们不受任何歧视，采取措施预防出于种族歧视对他们的暴力行为；确保警察、检察官和司法机关立即采取行动进行调查，惩罚这种行为；确保肇事者，不论是政府官员还是其他人，不享受任何程度的免罚。
13. To take measures to prevent the use of illegal force by the police against Roma, in particular in connection with arrest and detention.	13. 采取措施防止警察对罗姆人非法使用武力，特别是逮捕和拘留。
14. To encourage appropriate arrangements for communication and dialogue between the police and Roma communities and associations, with a view to preventing conflicts based on racial prejudice and combating acts of racially motivated violence against members of these communities, as well as against other persons.	14. 为鼓励适当安排警察与罗姆社区和协会的交流和对话，为防止种族偏见引起的冲突，与对这些社区成员和其他人的种族主义暴力行为作斗争。
15. To encourage recruitment of members of Roma communities into the police and other law enforcement agencies.	15. 鼓励招募罗姆社区成员进入警察部门和其他执法机关。
16. To promote action in post-conflict areas, by States parties and from other responsible States or authorities in order to prevent violence against and forced displacement of members of the Roma communities.	16. 促进缔约国和其他负有责任的国家或当局在冲突后地区采取行动，以便防止对罗姆社区成员的暴力行为和他们的被迫流离失所。
3. Measures in the field of education	3. 教育领域的措施
17. To support the inclusion in the school system of all children of Roma origin and to act to reduce drop-out rates, in particular among Roma girls, and, for these purposes, to cooperate actively with Roma parents, associations and local communities.	17. 支持教育系统吸收罗姆儿童，采取行动降低掇学率，特别是罗姆女童的掇学率，为此，与罗姆父母、协会和当局社区积极合作。
18. To prevent and avoid as much as possible the segregation of Roma students, while keeping open the possibility for bilingual or mother-tongue tuition; to this end, to endeavour to raise the quality of education in all schools and the level of achievement in schools by the minority community, to recruit school personnel from among members of Roma communities and to promote intercultural education.	18. 可能防止和避免分隔罗姆学生，保持开放提供双语或母语学费的可能性，为此，努力提高各学校的教育质量和少数社区学校的成绩水平，从罗姆社区成员中招聘学校工作人员，促进多种文化教育。
19. To consider adopting measures in favour of Roma children, in cooperation with their parents, in the field of education.	19. 考虑在教育领域与父母合作采取有利于罗姆儿童的措施。
20. To act with determination to eliminate any discrimination or racial harassment of Roma students.	20. 采取坚决行动消除对罗姆学生的任何歧视或种族骚扰。
21. To take the necessary measures to ensure a process of basic education for Roma children of travelling communities, including by admitting them temporarily to local schools, by temporary classes in their places of encampment, or by using new technologies for distance education.	21. 采取必要措施使流动社区的罗姆儿童得到基础教育，包括允许他们在当地学校临时上学，在他们的宿营地设置临时教室，或利用新技术进行远距离教育。
22. To ensure that their programmes, projects and campaigns in the field of education take into account the disadvantaged situation of Roma girls and women.	22. 确保在教育方案、项目和运动中考虑到罗姆女童和妇女的不利地位。
23. To take urgent and sustained measures in training teachers, educators and assistants from among Roma students.	23. 采取紧急和持续措施在罗姆学生中培训教师、教育者和助理人员。
24. To act to improve dialogue and communication between the teaching personnel and Roma children, Roma communities and parents, using more often assistants chosen from among the Roma.	24. 采取行动改善教职员与罗姆儿童、罗姆社区和父母的对话和交流，更多使用从罗姆人中挑选的助理人员。
25. To ensure adequate forms and schemes of education for members of Roma communities beyond school age, in order to improve adult literacy among them.	25. 确保为罗姆社区过龄成员采取适当的教育形式和方案，以提高其成人文化水平。
26. To include in textbooks, at all appropriate levels, chapters about the history and culture of Roma, and encourage and support the publication and distribution of books and other print materials as well as the broadcasting of television and radio programmes, as appropriate, about their history and culture, including in languages spoken by them.	26. 在适当年级的课本中增加有关罗姆人历史和文化的内容，鼓励和支持出版和发行关于其历史和文化的书籍和其他印刷材料以及在电视和电台广播有关节目，包括以其所使用语言进行广播。
4. Measures to improve living conditions	4. 改善生活条件的措施
27. To adopt or make more effective legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and all discriminatory practices in the labour market affecting members of Roma communities, and to protect them against such practices.	27. 通过或改进立法，禁止在就业方面以及劳动市场中对罗姆社区成员的歧视，保护他们免受歧视作法的影响。
28. To take special measures to promote the employment of Roma in the public administration and institutions, as well as in private companies.	28. 采取特别措施，促进罗姆人在政府机关以及私营企业中就业。
29. To adopt and implement, whenever possible, at the central or local level, special measures in favour of Roma in public employment such as public contracting and other activities undertaken or funded by the Government, or training Roma in various skills and professions.	29. 在可能的情况下，在中央和地方各级采取和执行有利于罗姆人承担政府工作的特别措施，如公共承包或政府提供资金的其他活动，或对罗姆人进行各种技能和职业培训。
30. To develop and implement policies and projects aimed at avoiding segregation of Roma communities in housing; to involve Roma communities and associations as partners together with other persons in housing project construction, rehabilitation and maintenance.	30. 制订和执行旨在避免罗姆社区在住房方面被隔离的政策和项目；吸收罗姆社区和协会和其他人一起参与住房项目建设、正常化和维护。
31. To act firmly against any discriminatory practices affecting Roma, mainly by local authorities and private owners, with regard to taking up residence and access to housing; to act firmly against local measures denying residence to and unlawful expulsion of Roma, and to refrain from placing Roma in camps outside populated areas that are isolated and without access to health care and other facilities.	31. 采取坚决行动，制止主要是地方当局和私人房主在选择居住地点和租用住房方面对罗姆人的歧视性作法；采取坚决行动废除剥夺罗姆人居住权利或非法驱逐他们的地方措施，避免将罗姆人安置在居住区之外、与居住区隔离没有保健和其他设施的营地。
32. To take the necessary measures, as appropriate, for offering Roma nomadic groups or Travellers camping places for their caravans, with all necessary facilities.	32. 视情况采取必要措施为游牧或流动罗姆人提供具有必要设施的放置拖车的营地。
33. To ensure Roma equal access to health care and social security services and to eliminate any discriminatory practices against them in this field.	33. 确保罗姆人能平等享受医疗保健和社会保障服务，取消在这些方面对他们的歧视性做法。
34. To initiate and implement programmes and projects in the field of health for Roma, mainly women and children, having in mind their disadvantaged situation due to extreme poverty and low level of education, as well as to cultural differences; to involve Roma associations and communities and their representatives, mainly women, in designing and implementing health programmes and projects concerning Roma groups.	34. 制订和执行罗姆人，特别是妇女和儿童的保健方案和项目，其中要考虑到由于极端贫困和低教育水平以及文化差别他们所处的不利地位；吸收罗姆协会和社区及其代表，特别是妇女参与制订和执行与罗姆群体有关的保健方案和项目。
35. To prevent, eliminate and adequately punish any discriminatory practices concerning the access of members of the Roma communities to all places and services intended for the use of the general public, including restaurants, hotels, theatres and music halls, discotheques and others.	35. 防止、取消和适当惩罚禁止罗姆人进入供广大公众使用的场所和服务设施，包括饭店、旅馆、剧院、音乐厅、迪斯科舞厅等的歧视性做法。
5. Measures in the field of the media	5. 媒体领域的措施
36. To act as appropriate for the elimination of any ideas of racial or ethnic superiority, of racial hatred and incitement to discrimination and violence against Roma in the media, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.	36. 按照《公约》的规定，在媒体方面采取适当行动，消除任何种族或族裔优越思想和种族仇恨，禁止煽动对罗姆人的歧视和暴力行为。
37. To encourage awareness among professionals of all media of the particular responsibility to not disseminate prejudices and to avoid reporting incidents involving individual members of Roma communities in a way which blames such communities as a whole.	37. 鼓励所有媒体专业人员认识到自己的特殊责任，不传播对罗姆人的偏见，在涉及罗姆社区个别成员的事件报导中避免谴责整个社区。
38. To develop educational and media campaigns to educate the public about Roma life, society and culture and the importance of building an inclusive society while respecting the human rights and the identity of the Roma.	38. 开展教育和媒体宣传运动，让公众了解罗姆人的生活、社会和文化，以及建立一种具有包容性的社会、尊重罗姆人的人权和身份的重要性。
39. To encourage and facilitate access by Roma to the media, including newspapers and television and radio programmes, the establishment of their own media, as well as the training of Roma journalists.	39. 鼓励和促进罗姆人利用包括报纸、电视台和电台等媒体，建立他们自己的媒体，培训罗姆新闻工作者。
40. To encourage methods of self-monitoring by the media, through a code of conduct for media organizations, in order to avoid racial, discriminatory or biased language.	40. 鼓励媒体采取自我监督办法，例如，制定和实行媒体组织行为守则，以避免种族歧视或有偏见的语言。
6. Measures concerning participation in public life	6. 促进参与社会生活的措施
41. To take the necessary steps, including special measures, to secure equal opportunities for the participation of Roma minorities or groups in all central and local governmental bodies.	41. 采取必要措施，包括特别措施，保证罗姆少数或群体有平等机会参与所有中央和地方政府机关的工作。
42. To develop modalities and structures of consultation with Roma political parties, associations and representatives, both at central and local levels, when considering issues and adopting decisions on matters of concern to Roma communities.	42. 在中央和地方各级建立罗姆政党、协会和代表进行协商的形式和机制，以便在考虑涉及罗姆社区的问题和通过有关决定时和他们协商。
43. To involve Roma communities and associations and their representatives at the earliest stages in the development and implementation of policies and programmes affecting them and to ensure sufficient transparency about such policies and programmes.	43. 在制订和执行影响到罗姆人的政策和方案的开始阶段吸收罗姆社区、协会及其代表参加，确保这种政策和方案具有足够的透明度。
44. To promote more awareness among members of Roma communities of the need for their more active participation in public and social life and in promoting their own interests, for instance the education of their children and their participation in professional training.	44. 让罗姆社区成员更多意识到有必要更积极参与公共和社会生活，共同促进他们本身的利益，例如，其子女的教育和他们自己的职业培训。
45. To organize training programmes for Roma public officials and representatives, as well as for prospective candidates to such responsibilities, aimed at improving their political, policy-making and public administration skills.	45. 安排对罗姆族政府官员和代表以及可能担任这些职务的罗姆候选人的培训，以便加强其政治、决策和管理技能。
The Committee also recommends that:	委员会还建议：
46. States parties include in their periodic reports, in an appropriate form, data about the Roma communities within their jurisdiction, including statistical data about Roma participation in political life and about their economic, social and cultural situation, including from a gender perspective, and information about the implementation of this general recommendation.	46. 缔约国在定期报告中以适当形式增加有关在其管辖下的罗姆社区的资料，包括有关罗姆人参加政治生活及其经济、社会和文化情况的统计资料，其中包括按性别分类的资料，以及有关本建议执行情况的资料。
47. Intergovernmental organizations, in their projects of cooperation and assistance to the various States parties, as appropriate, address the situation of Roma communities and favour their economic, social and cultural advancement.	47. 政府间组织在其与各缔约国的合作和对它们的援助项目中视情况考虑到罗姆社区的情况，努力促进其经济、社会和文化进步。
48. The High Commissioner for Human Rights consider establishing a focal point for Roma issues within the Office of the High Commissioner.	48. 人权事务高级专员在高级专员办事处范围内设立一个罗姆问题中心。
The Committee further recommends that:	委员会还建议：
49. The World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance give due consideration to the above recommendations, taking into account the place of the Roma communities among those most disadvantaged and most subject to discrimination in the contemporary world.	49. 反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外和有关不容忍现象世界会议适当审议上述建议，同时考虑到罗姆社区在当前世界中处于最不利地位、最受歧视的群体中的地位。
1424th meeting,	第1424次会议
16 August 2000	2000年8月16日