ICCPR/OP/1 ICCPR_OP_1_E.doc (English)	ICCPR/OP/1 ICCPR_OP_1_C.doc (Chinese)
ICCPR_OP_1_E.doc	ICCPR_OP1_C.docx
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	公民及政治权利国际公约任择议定书
Adopted by General Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI) of 16 December 1966
Entry into force: 23 March 1976
Text: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol.999, p. 171.	Source: United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, no. 14668, p.171
The States Parties to the present Protocol,	本议定书缔约国，
Considering that in order further to achieve the purposes of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter referred to as the Covenant) and the implementation of its provisions it would be appropriate to enable the Human Rights Committee set up in part IV of the Covenant (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) to receive and consider, as provided in the present Protocol, communications from individuals claiming to be victims of violations of any of the rights set forth in the Covenant,	认为为求进一步达成公民及政治权利公约(以下简称公约)目标及实施其各项规定，允宜授权公约第肆编所设之人权事宜委员会(以下简称委员会)依照本议定书所定办法，接受并审查个人声称因公约所载任何权利遭受侵害而为受害人之来文，
Have agreed as follows:	爰议定如下：
Article 1	第一条
A State Party to the Covenant that becomes a Party to the present Protocol recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by that State Party of any of the rights set forth in the Covenant.	成为本议定书缔约国之公约缔约国承认委员会有权接受并审查该国管辖下之个人声称为该缔约国侵害公约所载任何权利之受害人者之来文。
No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party to the Covenant which is not a Party to the present Protocol.	来文所涉公约缔约国如非本议定书之缔约国，委员会不得予以接受。
Article 2	第二条
Subject to the provisions of article 1, individuals who claim that any of their rights enumerated in the Covenant have been violated and who have exhausted all available domestic remedies may submit a written communication to the Committee for consideration.	以不违反第一条之规定为限，凡声称其在公约规定下之任何权利遭受侵害之个人，如对可以运用之国内救济办法，悉已援用无遗，得向委员会书面提出申请，由委员会审查。
Article 3	第三条
The Committee shall consider inadmissible any communciation under the present Protocol which is anonymous, or which it considers to be an abuse of the right of submission of such communications or to be incompatible with the provisions of the Covenant.	依据本议定书提送之任何来文，如系不具名、或经委员会认为滥用此项呈文权、或不符合公约之规定者，委员会应不予受理。
Article 4	第四条
1. Subject to the provisions of article 3, the Committee shall bring any communications submitted to it under the present Protocol to the attention of the State Party to the present Protocol alleged to be violating any provision of the Covenant.	一、除第三条规定外，委员会应将根据本议定书所提出之任何来文提请被控违反公约任何规定之本议定书缔约国注意。
2. Within six months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State.	二、收到通知之国家应于六个月内书面向委员会提出解释或声明，说明原委，如该国业已采取救济办法，则亦应一并说明。
Article 5	第五条
1. The Committee shall consider communications received under the present Protocol in the light of all written information made available to it by the individual and by the State Party concerned.	一、委员会应参照该个人及关系缔约国所提出之一切书面资料，审查根据本议定书所收到之来文。
2. The Committee shall not consider any communication from an individual unless it has ascertained that:	二、委员会不得审查任何个人来文，除非已断定：
(a) The same matter is not being examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement;	(子)同一事件不在依照另一国际调查或解决程序审查之中；
(b) The individual has exhausted all available domestic remedies.	(丑)该个人对可以运用之国内救济办法悉已援用无遗。
This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged.	但如救济办法之实施有不合理之拖延，则不在此限。
3. The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under the present Protocol.	三、委员会审查本议定书所称之来文，应举行不公开会议。
4. The Committee shall forward its views to the State Party concerned and to the individual.	四、委员会应向关系缔约国及该个人提出其意见。
Article 6	第六条
The Committee shall include in its annual report under article 45 of the Covenant a summary of its activities under the present Protocol.	委员会应将其根据本议定书进行之工作摘要列入公约第四十五条所规定之委员会常年报告书。
Article 7	第七条
Pending the achievement of the objectives of resolution 1514(XV) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 14 December 1960 concerning the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, the provisions of the present Protocol shall in no way limit the right of petition granted to these peoples by the Charter of the United Nations and other international conventions and instruments under the United Nations and its specialized agencies.	在一九六〇年十二月十四日联合国大会通过关于准许殖民地国家及民族独立宣言之决议案一五一四（十五）目标未达成以前，凡联合国宪章及联合国与其各专门机关主持下订立之其他国际公约与文书给予此等人民之请愿权利，不因本议定书各项规定而受任何限制。
Article 8	第八条
1. The present Protocol is open for signature by any State which has signed the Covenant.	一、本议定书听由业已签署公约之国家签署。
2. The present Protocol is subject to ratification by any State which has ratified or acceded to the Covenant.	二、本议定书须经业已批准或加入公约之国家批准。
Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	批准书应送交联合国秘书长存放。
3. The present Protocol shall be open to accession by any State which has ratified or acceded to the Covenant.	三、本议定书听由业已批准或加入公约之国家加入。
4. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	四、加入应以加入书交存联合国秘书长为之。
5. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which have signed the present Protocol or acceded to it of the deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession.	五、联合国秘书长应将每一批准书或加入书之交存，通知业已签署或加入本议定书之所有国家。
Article 9	第九条
1. Subject to the entry into force of the Covenant, the present Protocol shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the tenth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession.	一、以公约生效为条件，本议定书应于第十件批准书或加入书送交联合国秘书长存放之日起三个月后发生效力。
2. For each State ratifying the present Protocol or acceding to it after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the present Protocol shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or instrument of accession.	二、对于第十件批准书或加入书交存后批准或加入本议定书之国家，本议定书应自该国交存批准书或加入书之日起三个月后发生效力。
Article 10	第十条
The provisions of the present Protocol shall extend to all parts of federal States without any limitations or exceptions.	本议定书各项规定应一律适用于联邦国家之全部领土，并无限制或例外。
Article 11	第十一条
1. Any State Party to the present Protocol may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	一、本议定书缔约国得提议修改本议定书，将修正案提交联合国秘书长。
The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate any proposed amendments to the States Parties to the present Protocol with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposal.	秘书长应将提议之修正案分送本议定书各缔约国，并请其通知是否赞成召开缔约国会议，以审议并表决所提议案。
In the event that at least one third of the States Parties favours such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations.	如缔约国三分之一以上赞成召开会议，秘书长应以联合国名义召集之。
Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations for approval.	经出席会议并投票之缔约国过半数通过之修正案，应提请联合国大会核可。
2. Amendments shall come into force when they have been approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of the States Parties to the present Protocol in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.	二、修正案经联合国大会核可，并经本议定书缔约国三分之二各依本国宪法程序接受后，即发生效力。
3. When amendments come into force, they shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisions of the present Protocol and any earlier amendment which they have accepted.	三、修正案生效后，对接受此种修正之缔约国具有拘束力；其他缔约国仍受本议定书原订条款及其前此所接受修正案之拘束。
Article 12	第十二条
1. Any State Party may denounce the present Protocol at any time by written notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	一、任何缔约国得随时书面通知联合国秘书长退出本议定书。
Denunciation shall take effect three months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General.	退约应于秘书长接得通知之日起三个月后发生效力。
2. Denunciation shall be without prejudice to the continued application of the provisions of the present Protocol to any communication submitted under article 2 before the effective date of denunciation.	二、退约不得影响本议定书各项规定对于退约生效日期以前依照第二条提出之任何来文之继续适用。
Article 13	第十三条
Irrespective of the notifications made under article 8, paragraph 5, of the present Protocol, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to in article 48, paragraph 1, of the Covenant of the following particulars:	除本议定书第八条第五项之通知外，联合国秘书长应将下列事项通知公约第四十八条第一项所称之所有国家：
(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 8;	(子)依第八条所为之签署、批准及加入；
(b) The date of the entry into force of the present Protocol under article 9 and the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 11;	(丑)依第九条本议定书发生效力之日期，及依第十一条任何修正案发生效力之日期；
(c) Denunciations under article 12.	(寅)依第十二条提出之退约。
Article 14	第十四条
1. The present Protocol, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations.	一、本议定书应交存联合国档库，其中、英、法、俄及西文各本同一作准。
2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of the present Protocol to all States referred to in article 48 of the Covenant.	二、联合国秘书长应将本议定书正式副本分送公约第四十八条所称之所有国家。