Template-CRC-OPAC-Concluding Observation CRC-OPAC结论性意见E.docx (English)	Template-CRC-OPAC-Concluding Observation CRC-OPAC结论性意见C.docx (Chinese)
United Nations	联 合 国
Convention on the Rights of the Child	儿童权利公约
Committee on the Rights of the Child	儿童权利委员会
Concluding observations on the report submitted by Georgia under article 8 (1) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict	关于格鲁吉亚根据《儿童权利公约关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》第8条第1款提交的报告的结论性意见
I.	一.
Introduction	导言
1.	1.
The Committee considered the report of Georgia (CRC/C/OPAC/GEO/1) at its 2413th and 2414th meetings (see CRC/C/SR.2413 and 2414), held on 17 September 2019, and adopted the present concluding observations at its 2430th meeting, held on 27 September 2019.	委员会在2019年9月17日举行的第2413和第2414次会议(见CRC/C/SR.2413和2414)上审议了格鲁吉亚的报告(CRC/C/OPAC/GEO/1)，并在2019年9月27日举行的第2430次会议上通过了本结论性意见。
2.	2.
The Committee welcomes the submission of the report of the State party and the written replies to the list of issues (CRC/C/OPAC/GEO/Q/1/Add.1).	委员会欢迎缔约国提交报告并对问题清单作出书面答复(CRC/C/OPAC/GEO/Q/1/Add.1)。
The Committee expresses appreciation for the constructive dialogue held with the high-level and multisectoral delegation of the State party.	委员会赞赏与缔约国高级别多部门代表团进行的建设性对话。
3.	3.
The Committee reminds the State party that the present concluding observations should be read in conjunction with the concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports submitted by the State party under the Convention (CRC/C/PAN/CO/5-6), adopted on 2 February 2018.	委员会提醒缔约国，在阅读本结论性意见时，应参考2018年2月2日通过的关于缔约国根据《公约》提交的第五和第六次合并定期报告的结论性意见 (CRC/C/PAN/CO/5-6)。
The Committee reminds the State party that the present concluding observations should be read in conjunction with the concluding observations on the report of the State party submitted under the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (CRC/C/OPSC/GEO/CO/1), also adopted on 27 September 2019.	委员会提醒缔约国，在阅读本结论性意见时，应参考2019年9月27日通过的关于缔约国根据《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》提交的报告的结论性意见(CRC/C/OPSC/GEO/CO/1)。
The Committee reminds the State party that the present concluding observations should be read in conjunction with the concluding observations on the combined third and fourth periodic reports submitted by the State party under the Convention (CRC/C/SAU/CO/3-4), adopted on 30 September 2016, and on the report of the State party submitted under the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (CRC/C/OPSC/SAU/CO/1), adopted on 5 October 2018.	委员会提醒缔约国，在阅读本结论性意见时，应参考2016年9月30日通过的关于缔约国根据《公约》提交的第三和第四次合并定期报告的结论性意见(CRC/C/SAU/CO/3-4)和2018年10月5日通过的关于缔约国根据《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》提交的报告的结论性意见(CRC/C/OPSC/SAU/CO/1)。
II.	二.
General observations	一般性意见
Positive aspects	积极方面
4.	4.
The Committee welcomes the accession or ratification by the State party of:	委员会欢迎缔约国加入或批准了以下文书：
(a)	(a)
The Arms Trade Treaty, in February 2014;	《武器贸易条约》，2014年2月；
(b)	(b)
The Convention on Cluster Munitions, in November 2010;	《集束弹药公约》，2010年11月；
(c)	(c)
The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, in August 2004;	《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于打击非法制造和贩运枪支及其零部件和弹药的补充议定书》，2004年8月；
(d)	(d)
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, in March 2002;	《国际刑事法院罗马规约》，2002年3月；
(e)	(e)
The Central African Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, Their Ammunition and All Parts and Components That Can Be Used for Their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly, in February 2017;	《中部非洲管制小武器和轻武器及其弹药和可用于制造、维修或组装此类武器的零部件公约》，2017年2月；
(f)	(f)
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, in July 2002;	《关于禁止使用、储存、生产和转让杀伤人员地雷及销毁此种地雷的公约》，2002年7月；
(g)	(g)
The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), of the International Labour Organization, in June 2001.	国际劳工组织1999年《最恶劣形式的童工劳动公约》(第182号公约)，2001年6月。
5.	5.
The Committee also welcomes the various positive measures taken in areas relevant to the implementation of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, in particular:	委员会还欢迎缔约国在与执行《儿童权利公约关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》有关的领域采取的各种积极措施，特别是：
The Committee also welcomes the various positive measures taken in areas relevant to the implementation of the Optional Protocol, in particular:	委员会还欢迎缔约国在与执行《任择议定书》有关的领域采取的各种积极措施，特别是：
III.	三.
Factors and difficulties impeding the implementation of the Optional Protocol	妨碍执行《任择议定书》的因素和困难
IV	四
.	.
General measures of implementation	一般执行措施
Coordination	协调
6.	6.
The Committee recommends that the State party establish an efficient body at a high level with sufficient authority and a strong mandate to coordinate all activities related to the implementation of the Optional Protocol at the cross-sectoral, national, provincial and local levels.	委员会建议缔约国设立一个高级别高效率的机构，赋予其充分权力和强有力的任务授权，负责协调各部门、国家、省和地方一级与执行《任择议定书》有关的所有活动。
The State party should ensure that such a coordinating body is provided with the human, technical and financial resources necessary for its effective operation.	缔约国应确保为该协调机构有效运作提供必要的人力、技术和财政资源。
Comprehensive policy and strategy	全面的政策和战略
7.	7.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that the national strategy on human rights and its associated national plans of action include measures aimed at addressing all issues covered under the Optional Protocol and that adequate human and financial resources are provided for their implementation.	委员会建议缔约国确保国家人权战略及其相关的国家行动计划包含旨在解决《任择议定书》涵盖的所有问题的措施，并为其执行提供充足的人力和财政资源。
8.	8.
The Committee recommends that the State party develop a comprehensive policy and strategy for the implementation of the Optional Protocol.	委员会建议缔约国制定一项关于执行《任择议定书》的全面政策和战略。
Allocation of resources	资源分配
9.	9.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that sufficient and targeted resources are allocated for the effective implementation of all areas of the Optional Protocol.	委员会建议缔约国确保为切实执行《任择议定书》的所有领域划拨充足的专项资源。
Dissemination and awareness-raising	传播和提高认识
10.	10.
The Committee recommends that the State party enhance its efforts to make the principles and provisions of the Optional Protocol widely known to the public at large, in particular children and their families, through, inter alia, school curricula and long-term awareness-raising campaigns and training on the harmful effects of all the offences referred to in the Optional Protocol and preventive measures to combat them.	委员会建议缔约国加大力度，通过学校课程、长期的提高认识活动以及就《任择议定书》所载各种罪行的有害影响和为打击上述罪行采取的预防措施开展培训等手段，让广大公众，特别是儿童及其家人广泛知晓《任择议定书》的原则和规定。
Training	培训
11.	11.
The Committee recommends that the Optional Protocol be systematically included in the training of all relevant professional groups, in particular the armed forces, law enforcement and immigration officers, prosecutors, lawyers, judges, social workers, medical professionals, teachers, media professionals and local officials.	委员会建议将《任择议定书》系统地纳入所有相关专业群体的培训当中，尤其是武装部队、执法和移民官员、检察官、律师、法官、社会工作者、医务人员、教师、媒体专业人员以及地方官员的培训当中。
Data	数据
12.	12.
The Committee recommends that the State party establish a mechanism for the comprehensive collection of data, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and ethnic origin, relating to all issues under the Optional Protocol, including with respect to the number of children attending military education facilities.	委员会建议缔约国建立一项机制，全面收集与《任择议定书》下所有问题有关的数据，包括在军事教育设施中就学的儿童人数，并按性别、年龄、民族和族裔分列。
Independent monitoring	独立监测
13.	13.
The Committee recommends that the State party:	委员会建议缔约国：
(a)	(a)
Speed up the establishment of a specific complaints mechanism for monitoring children’s rights that is able to receive, investigate and address complaints made by children in a child-sensitive and confidential manner;	加快建立一个监测儿童权利的具体的申诉机制，该机制应能以体恤儿童和保密的方式接收、调查和处理儿童的申诉；
(b)	(b)
Ensure the independence of the National Commission on Human Rights, in conformity with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles);	依照《关于促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位的原则》(《巴黎原则》)，确保国家人权委员会的独立性；
(c)	(c)
Allocate the necessary human, financial and technical resources to enable the National Commission on Human Rights to carry out its responsibilities effectively.	划拨必要的人力、财政和技术资源，使国家人权委员会能有效地履行职责。
V	五
.	.
Prevention	预防
Compulsory recruitment	强制招募
Voluntary recruitment	自愿应征入伍
Military education	军事教育
Prevention of recruitment and radicalization of children by terrorist groups	防止恐怖团体招募儿童并使其激进化
Age-verification procedures	年龄核实程序
Human rights and peace education	人权与和平教育
VI	六
Prohibition and related matters	禁止和相关事项
Criminal legislation and regulations in force	现行刑事法律和法规
14.	14.
The Committee recommends that the State party explicitly criminalize the recruitment, and the use in hostilities, of children below the age of 18 years by armed forces, by introducing a relevant provision in its Criminal Code with a punishment commensurate to the gravity of the crime.	委员会建议缔约国明确将武装部队招募和在敌对行动中使用不满18岁儿童的行为定为刑事犯罪，为此可在《刑法》中加入一项相关条款，并规定与罪行严重程度相符的处罚。
Prohibition of recruitment by non-State armed groups	禁止非国家武装团体的招募行为
15.	15.
The Committee regrets that the State party’s legislation does not explicitly criminalize the recruitment and use of children in hostilities by the armed forces, non-State armed groups or private security companies.	委员会感到遗憾的是，缔约国的立法没有明确将武装部队、非国家武装团体或私人安保公司招募和在敌对行动中使用儿童定为刑事犯罪。
The Committee is also concerned that the recruitment of children below the age of 15 has not been defined as a war crime in the State party’s legislation.	委员会还关注在缔约国立法中，没有将招募15岁以下儿童定为战争罪。
16.	16.
The Committee recommends that the State party:	委员会建议缔约国：
(a)	(a)
Explicitly criminalize the recruitment and use of children in hostilities by the armed forces, non-State armed groups and private security companies;	明确将武装部队、非国家武装团体和私人安保公司招募和在敌对行动中使用儿童定为刑事犯罪；
(b)	(b)
Define and punish the recruitment of children under the age of 15 as a war crime and consider ratifying the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.	将招募15岁以下儿童定为战争罪并予以惩罚，并考虑批准《国际刑事法院罗马规约》。
Impunity	有罪不罚
17.	17.
The Committee urges the State party to ensure that all allegations of unlawful attacks on children as well as recruitment and use of children in armed conflict are promptly, independently and impartially investigated and that suspected perpetrators and violators of children’s rights and norms of international humanitarian law are pursued effectively, brought to justice and given appropriate sanctions in order to prevent and combat impunity.	委员会敦促缔约国确保所有关于非法攻击儿童以及在武装冲突中招募和使用儿童的指控得到迅速、独立和公正的调查，并确保涉嫌犯罪者和侵犯儿童权利和违反国际人道法规范的人受到有效追究，被绳之以法并受到适当制裁，以防止和打击有罪不罚现象。
The State party should also ensure that child victims are provided with an effective remedy.	缔约国还应确保向受害儿童提供有效的补救。
Extraterritorial jurisdiction and extradition	域外管辖权和引渡
18	18.
The Committee regrets the lack of legislation on extraterritorial jurisdiction over all offences covered by the Optional Protocol.	委员会感到遗憾的是，没有对《任择议定书》涵盖的所有罪行实施域外管辖权的立法。
19.	19.
The Committee recommends that the State party establish and exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction over all acts prohibited under the Optional Protocol, including the conscription or enlistment of children into armed forces or non-State armed groups, or the active use of children in hostilities, when the alleged offender is a Saudi national or a person who has his or her habitual residence in the State party, or when the victim is a Saudi child.	委员会建议缔约国对《任择议定书》所禁止的一切行为，包括征募或招募儿童加入武装部队或非国家武装团体，或在敌对行动中积极使用儿童，确立并行使域外管辖权，只要被指控的罪犯是沙特国民，或在缔约国有惯常居所的人，或受害人是沙特儿童。
20.	20.
The Committee acknowledges the State party’s general preparedness to conclude bilateral extradition agreements and ratify regional and international extradition instruments but regrets the lack of comprehensive legislation on extradition for all offences covered by the Optional Protocol.	委员会承认缔约国总体上准备好缔结双边引渡协定，以及批准区域和国际引渡文书，但对没有关于对《任择议定书》涵盖的所有罪行实施引渡的全面立法感到遗憾。
21.	21.
The Committee recommends that the State party take steps to enact comprehensive legislation regarding crimes covered by the Optional Protocol and ensure that a dual criminality requirement is not used in cases of extradition for crimes covered by the Optional Protocol, including with respect to bilateral extradition agreements.	委员会建议缔约国采取步骤，就《任择议定书》所涵盖的罪行制定全面立法，并确保在涉及《任择议定书》所涵盖罪行的引渡案件中，包括在双边引渡协定方面，不使用两国共认罪行的要求。
VII	七
.	.
Protection, recovery and reintegration	保护、康复和重返社会
Measures adopted to protect the rights of child victims	为保护受害儿童的权利而采取的措施
22.	22.
The Committee recommends that the State party:	委员会建议缔约国：
(a)	(a)
Strengthen the provision of systematic training on the early identification of refugee, asylum-seeking and migrant children, including unaccompanied and separated children, who enter the State party and who may have been involved in armed conflicts abroad, to all professionals working with or for children, particularly immigration personnel, law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, social workers and medical professionals;	加强向所有从事儿童工作的专业人员，特别是移民事务人员、执法人员、法官、检察官、社会工作者和医疗专业人员提供系统性培训，使他们了解如何及早查明进入缔约国并可能已在海外参与武装冲突的难民儿童、寻求庇护儿童和移民儿童，包括孤身和离散儿童；
(b)	(b)
Adopt a comprehensive policy for the physical and psychological recovery and the social reintegration of all such children and allocate the necessary human, technical and financial resources for the implementation of the policy;	采取一项综合政策，以促进所有这些儿童的身心康复和重新融入社会，并为执行这一政策分配必要的人力、技术和财政资源；
(c)	(c)
Take all necessary measures to assist child victims, including careful assessment of the situation of children who may have been recruited to serve in armed conflicts, reinforcement of the legal advisory services available to them and the provision of immediate, culturally responsive, child-sensitive and multidisciplinary assistance;	采取一切必要措施协助受害儿童，包括认真评估可能已被招募参与武装冲突的儿童的情况，加强向他们提供的法律咨询服务，以及提供直接的、符合文化和儿童特点的多学科援助；
(d)	(d)
Seek technical assistance from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and continue to avail itself of technical assistance from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) for the implementation of these recommendations.	寻求联合国难民事务高级专员公署(难民署)的技术援助，并继续利用联合国儿童基金会(儿基会)为执行这些建议提供的技术援助。
Treatment of children associated with armed groups	与武装团体有关联的儿童的待遇
23.	23.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure compliance with the principle of non-refoulement.	委员会建议缔约国确保遵守不推回原则。
VIII	八
.	.
International assistance and cooperation	国际援助与合作
24.	24.
The Committee recommends that the State party continue and strengthen its cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross and with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, and that it explore increased cooperation with the United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)and other United Nations entities for the implementation of the Optional Protocol.	委员会建议缔约国继续开展并加强与红十字国际委员会及负责儿童与武装冲突问题秘书长特别代表的合作，并寻求增加与联合国儿童基金会(儿基会)及联合国其他实体的合作，以促进《任择议定书》的实施。
The Committee recommends that the State party continue and strengthen its cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross and with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, and that it explore increased cooperation with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and other United Nations entities in the implementation of the Optional Protocol.	委员会建议缔约国继续开展并加强与红十字国际委员会及负责儿童与武装冲突问题秘书长特别代表的合作，并寻求在《任择议定书》实施工作中加强与联合国儿童基金会(儿基会)及联合国其他实体之间的合作。
IX	九
.	.
Ratification of the Optional Protocol on a communications procedure	批准《关于设定来文程序的任择议定书》
25.	25.
The Committee recommends that, in order to further strengthen the fulfilment of children’s rights, the State party ratify the Optional Protocol on a communications procedure.	委员会建议缔约国批准《关于设定来文程序的任择议定书》，以进一步加强儿童权利的落实。
X	十
.	.
Implementation and reporting	落实和报告
A.	A.
Follow-up and dissemination	后续行动和传播
26.	26.
The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to ensure that the recommendations contained in the present concluding observations are fully implemented, including by transmitting them to relevant ministries, the Supreme Court and local authorities for appropriate consideration and further action.	委员会建议缔约国采取一切适当措施，确保本结论性意见所载建议得到充分落实，包括将这些建议转发相关部委、最高法院和地方当局，供其适当考虑和采取进一步行动。
27.	27.
The Committee recommends that the report and the written replies to the list of issues submitted by the State party and the present concluding observations be made widely available, including through the Internet, to the public at large, civil society organizations, youth groups, professional groups and children, in order to generate debate on and awareness of the Optional Protocol and its implementation and monitoring.	委员会建议缔约国通过互联网等各种方式，向广大公众、民间社会组织、青年团体、专业团体和儿童广泛传播缔约国提交的报告和对问题清单的书面答复以及本结论性意见，以促进公众对《任择议定书》及其实施和监测情况的讨论和了解。
B.	B.
Next periodic report	下次定期报告
28.	28.
In accordance with article 8 (2) of the Optional Protocol, the Committee requests the State party to include further information on the implementation of the Optional Protocol and the present concluding observations in its next periodic report to be submitted in accordance with article 44 of the Convention.	委员会根据《任择议定书》第8条第2款，请缔约国在按照《公约》第44条提交的下次定期报告中进一步说明《任择议定书》和本结论性意见的落实情况。
* Adopted by the Committee at its eighty-second session (9–27 September 2019).	* 委员会第八十二届会议(2019年9月9日至27日)通过。