Template-CCPR-Concluding Observation CCPR结论性意见E 2022.10.17.docx (English)	Template-CCPR-Concluding Observation CCPR结论性意见C 2022.10.17.docx (Chinese)
United Nations	联 合 国
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	公民及政治权利 国际公约
Human Rights Committee	人权事务委员会
Concluding observations on the initial report of Portugal	关于葡萄牙初次报告的结论性意见
Concluding observations on the combined third and fourth periodic reports of Portugal	关于葡萄牙第三和第四次合并定期报告的结论性意见
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Portugal	关于葡萄牙第五次定期报告的结论性意见
1.	1.
The Committee considered the initial report of Portugal (CCPR/C/PRT/RQ/5) at its 3696th and 3697th meetings (see CCPR/C/SR.3696 and 3697), held on 5 and 6 March 2020. On 27 March 2020, the Committee adopted the present concluding observations.	委员会在2020年3月5日和6日举行的第3696次和第3697次会议(见CCPR/C/SR.3696和3697)上审议了葡萄牙的初次报告(CCPR/C/PRT/RQ/5)，并于2020年3月27日通过了本结论性意见。
The Committee considered the combined third and fourth periodic reports of Portugal (CCPR/C/PRT/RQ/5) at its 3696th and 3697th meetings (see CCPR/C/SR.3696 and 3697), held on 5 and 6 March 2020. On 27 March 2020, the Committee adopted the present concluding observations.	委员会在2020年3月5日和6日举行的第3696次和第3697次会议(见CCPR/C/SR.3696和3697)上审议了葡萄牙的第三和第四次合并定期报告(CCPR/C/PRT/RQ/5)，并于2020年3月27日通过了本结论性意见。
The Committee considered the fifth periodic report of Portugal (CCPR/C/PRT/RQ/5) at its 3696th and 3697th meetings (see CCPR/C/SR.3696 and 3697), held on 5 and 6 March 2020. On 27 March 2020, the Committee adopted the present concluding observations.	委员会在2020年3月5日和6日举行的第3696次和第3697次会议(见CCPR/C/SR.3696和3697)上审议了葡萄牙的第五次定期报告(CCPR/C/PRT/RQ/5)，并于2020年3月27日通过了本结论性意见。
The Committee considered the initial report of Cabo Verde (CCPR/C/CPV/1) at its 3661st and 3662nd meetings (CCPR/C/SR.3661 and 3662), held on 22 and 23 October 2019. At its 3678th meeting, held on 4 November 2019, it adopted the present concluding observations.	委员会在2019年10月22日和23日举行的第3661次和第3662次会议(CCPR/C/SR.3661和CCPR/C/SR.3662)上审议了佛得角的初次报告(CCPR/C/CPV/1)，并在2019年11月4日举行的第3678次会议上通过了本结论性意见。
A.	A.
Introduction	导言
2.	2.
The Committee welcomes the submission of the initial report of Cabo Verde and the information presented therein.	委员会欢迎佛得角提交初次报告和其中所载资料。
The Committee welcomes the submission of the initial report of Cabo Verde, which was over 20 years overdue, and the information presented therein.	委员会欢迎佛得角提交逾期20多年的初次报告和其中所载资料。
The Committee welcomes the submission of the initial report of Cabo Verde, albeit over 20 years late, and the information presented therein.	委员会欢迎佛得角提交初次报告(尽管迟交20多年)和其中所载资料。
The Committee welcomes the timely submission of the combined third and fourth reports of Portugal and the information presented therein.	委员会欢迎葡萄牙按时提交第三和第四次合并定期报告和其中所载资料。
The Committee welcomes the submission of the fifth report of Portugal, albeit somewhat late, and the information presented therein.	委员会欢迎葡萄牙提交第五次定期报告(尽管略有延迟)和其中所载资料。
3.	3.
It expresses appreciation for the opportunity to initiate a constructive dialogue with the State party’s delegation on the measures taken by the State party since the entry into force of the Covenant to implement its provisions.	委员会赞赏有机会与缔约国代表团开展建设性对话，讨论缔约国自《公约》对其生效以来为执行《公约》规定而采取的措施。
It expresses appreciation for the opportunity to initiate a constructive dialogue with the State party’s high-level delegation on the measures taken during the reporting period to implement the provisions of the Covenant.	委员会赞赏有机会与缔约国高级别代表团开展建设性对话，讨论缔约国在报告所述期间为执行《公约》规定而采取的措施。
4.	4.
The Committee is also grateful to the State party for its written replies (CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.2) to the list of issues (CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.1), which were supplemented by the oral responses provided by the delegation.	委员会还感谢缔约国对问题清单(CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.1)作出的书面答复(CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.2)和代表团通过口头答复所作的补充。
The Committee is also grateful to the State party for its written replies (CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.2) to the list of issues (CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.1), which were supplemented by the oral responses provided by the delegation, and for the supplementary information provided to it in writing.	委员会还感谢缔约国对问题清单(CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.1)作出的书面答复(CCPR/C/CPV/Q/1/Add.2)和代表团通过口头答复所作的补充以及提交的书面补充资料。
5.	5.
The Committee is grateful to the State party for having accepted the simplified reporting procedure and for submitting its sixth periodic report in response to the list of issues prior to reporting prepared under that procedure (CCPR/C/TUN/QPR/6).	委员会感谢缔约国接受简化报告程序并按照依该程序所拟报告前问题清单(CCPR/C/MEX/QPR/6)提交第六次定期报告。
It expresses appreciation for the opportunity to renew its constructive dialogue with the State party’s high-level delegation on the measures taken during the reporting period to implement the provisions of the Covenant.	委员会赞赏有机会再次与缔约国高级别代表团开展建设性对话，讨论缔约国在报告所述期间为执行《公约》规定而采取的措施。
The Committee thanks the State party for the oral responses provided by the delegation and for the supplementary information provided to it in writing after the dialogue.	委员会感谢缔约国代表团所作的口头答复以及对话之后提交的书面补充资料。
B.	B.
Positive aspects	积极方面
6.	6.
The Committee welcomes the following legislative and institutional measures taken by the State party:	委员会欢迎缔约国采取以下立法和体制措施：
The Committee welcomes the following institutional and policy measures taken by the State party:	委员会欢迎缔约国采取以下体制和政策措施：
The Committee welcomes the following legislative, institutional and policy measures taken by the State party:	委员会欢迎缔约国采取以下立法、体制和政策措施：
The Committee welcomes the legislative and institutional measures taken by the State party during the reporting period in the area of civil and political rights, including:	委员会欢迎缔约国在报告所述期间在公民及政治权利领域采取的立法和体制措施，包括：
The Committee welcomes the adoption by the State party of the following legislative and policy measures：	委员会欢迎缔约国采取以下立法和政策措施：
7.	7.
The Committee welcomes the State party’s accession, on 29 June 2011, to the Optional Protocol to the Covenant.	委员会欢迎缔约国于2011年6月29日加入《公约》任择议定书。
The Committee also welcomes the ratification of, or accession to, the following international instruments by the State party:	委员会又欢迎缔约国批准或加入以下国际文书：
(a)	(a)
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on 23 September 2008;	《残疾人权利公约》，2008年9月23日；
(b)	(b)
The Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, on 23 September 2008;	《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约任择议定书》，2008年9月23日；
(c)	(c)
The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, on 24 September 2010;	《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》，2010年9月24日；
(d)	(d)
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, on 29 June 2011;	《国际刑事法院罗马规约》，2011年6月29日；
(e)	(e)
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, on 29 June 2011;	《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约任择议定书》，2011年6月29日；
(f)	(f)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption, on 23 September 2012;	《联合国反腐败公约》，2012年9月23日；
(g)	(g)
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, on 23 June 2014;	《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约任择议定书》，2014年6月23日；
(h)	(h)
The Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, on 18 July 2017.	欧洲委员会《关于在自动处理个人数据方面保护个人的公约》，2017年7月18日。
8.	8.
The Committee welcomes the State party’s declaration made on 7 August 2018, under article 41 of the Covenant, recognizing the competence of the Committee to receive and consider inter-State communications.	委员会欢迎缔约国2018年8月7日根据《公约》第四十一条作出声明，承认委员会有权接受和审议国家间来文。
9.	9.
The Committee also welcomes the State party’s withdrawal of its reservation to article 18 of the Covenant on 5 October 2017.	委员会又欢迎缔约国2017年10月5日撤销对《公约》第十八条的保留。
10.	10.
The Committee further welcomes the information provided by the State party concerning instances in which provisions of the Covenant were invoked and applied by the national courts.	委员会还欢迎缔约国提供资料介绍国内法院援引和适用《公约》条款的案例。
C.	C.
Principal matters of concern and recommendations	关注的主要问题及建议
Views under the Optional Protocol	根据《任择议定书》提出的意见
Domestic implementation and dissemination of the Covenant	《公约》在国内的执行和传播
Applicability of the Covenant in the domestic legal order	《公约》在国内法律秩序中的适用
National human rights institution	国家人权机构
The fight against impunity and past human rights violations	打击有罪不罚现象和以往的侵犯人权行为
Combating racial discrimination	消除种族歧视
Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity	基于性取向和性别认同的歧视
Gender equality and discrimination against women	性别平等和对妇女的歧视
Violence against women	暴力侵害妇女行为
Harmful practices against women and girls	针对妇女和女童的有害做法
Sexual and reproductive rights and voluntary termination of pregnancy	性权利和生殖权利与自愿终止妊娠
State of emergency and counter-terrorism	紧急状态和反恐
Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment	酷刑及其他残忍、不人道和有辱人格的待遇或处罚
Solitary confinement	单独监禁
Pretrial detention	审前拘留
Conditions of detention	拘留条件
Liberty and security of person	人身自由和安全
Independence of the judiciary and administration of justice	司法机构的独立性和司法工作
Freedom of expression and protection of human rights defenders	表达自由和保护人权维护者
Freedom of peaceful assembly and excessive use of force by State agents	和平集会自由和国家人员过度使用武力
Forced evictions	强迫迁离
11.	11.
The Committee takes note of article 80 of the Constitution, which enshrines the primacy of international treaties over domestic legislation.	委员会注意到《宪法》第80条，其中规定国际条约优先于国内立法。
12.	12.
With a view to ensuring the primacy of the Covenant and realizing fully the rights enshrined therein, the State party should step up measures to raise awareness of the Covenant among judges, prosecutors and lawyers, so as to ensure that its provisions are taken into account before and by the national courts.	为了确保《公约》的优先地位并充分实现其中所载的权利，缔约国应加强措施，提高法官、检察官和律师对《公约》的认识，以确保其条款在国内法院的诉讼和审判中得到考虑。
It should also consider acceding to the first Optional Protocol to the Covenant, which establishes an individual complaint mechanism.	缔约国还应考虑加入《公约》第一项任择议定书，该议定书确立了个人申诉机制。
13.	13.
The State party should take all necessary measures to bring the Human Rights Commission into line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles), ensure a clear, transparent and participatory process for the selection and appointment of its members, and provide it with adequate resources and capacity and full autonomy.	缔约国应采取一切必要措施，使人权委员会符合《关于促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位的原则》(《巴黎原则》)，确保清晰、透明、参与式的成员选任程序，并为委员会提供充足的资源和能力以及充分的自主权。
14.	14.
The State party should expedite the adoption and ensure the implementation of legislation in line with the Covenant by incorporating a definition of direct and indirect discrimination, including in the private sphere, which contains an exhaustive list of the grounds for discrimination enumerated in the Covenant and covers sexual orientation and gender identity.	缔约国应加快通过符合《公约》的立法并确保其执行，为此应纳入直接和间接歧视的定义，包括私人领域的歧视，该定义应包含《公约》所列歧视理由的详尽清单，并涵盖性取向和性别认同。
It should also ensure that this legislation provides sufficient guarantees of effective civil, administrative or other remedies for any type of discrimination, including multiple discrimination.	还应确保该法充分保障就任何类型的歧视，包括多重歧视，提供有效的民事、行政或其他补救。
15.	15.
The State party should amend its legislation to provide safe access to abortion in order to protect the lives and health of pregnant women and girls in situations in which carrying a pregnancy to term would cause the woman substantial suffering, especially when the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest or is not viable.	缔约国应修订立法，提供安全的堕胎途径，以便在怀孕至足月会给妇女造成巨大痛苦的情况下，特别是当怀孕系强奸或乱伦所致或不可行时，保护怀孕妇女和女童的生命和健康。
Furthermore, it should ensure that women and girls who have abortions, and the physicians assisting them, are not subject to criminal penalties.	此外，缔约国应确保堕胎的妇女和女童以及协助她们的医生不受刑事处罚。
16.	16.
The State party should:	缔约国应：
(a)	(a)
Enforce the absolute ban on torture and ensure that anybody who commits or orders such acts, is an accomplice to their commission or tacitly allows them to be committed is held personally accountable before the law;	绝对禁止酷刑，并确保任何实施或下令实施此类行为者、此类行为的共犯或默许实施此类行为者依法承担个人责任；
(b)	(b)
Ensure that prosecutors properly monitor the measures taken by the security officers in charge of investigations;	确保检察官适当监督负责调查的安全人员所采取的措施；
(c)	(c)
Ensure that complaints of torture or ill-treatment are investigated promptly, impartially and with due diligence by independent judicial officials, that persons suspected of such acts are duly tried and, if found guilty, are punished in a manner commensurate with the gravity of their acts, and that victims are granted adequate reparation;	确保由独立的司法人员对所有酷刑或虐待申诉迅速进行公正、尽职的调查，确保此类行为的嫌疑人得到应有审判，认定有罪的按罪行轻重论处，并确保受害者获得充分赔偿；
(d)	(d)
Put in place an independent, effective, confidential and accessible mechanism to facilitate the submission of complaints by victims of torture or ill-treatment;	建立一个独立、有效、保密且便于利用的机制，以方便酷刑或虐待的受害者提交申诉；
(e)	(e)
Ensure that statements obtained under torture cannot be invoked as evidence against the accused.	确保刑讯逼供所获证词不得作为对被告不利的证据。
17.	17.
The State party should:	缔约国应：
(a)	(a)
Limit the crimes punishable by the death penalty to the most serious crimes involving intentional killing, in accordance with article 6 (2) of the Covenant;	根据《公约》第六条第二款，将可判处死刑的罪行限于涉及故意杀人的最严重罪行；
(b)	(b)
Commute the sentences of prisoners currently on death row to prison sentences;	将现有死囚犯的判决减为监禁；
(c)	(c)
Ensure the abolition of the death penalty through public awareness-raising measures in favour of abolition;	采取有助于废除死刑的提高公众认识措施，从而确保废除死刑；
(d)	(d)
Consider acceding to the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.	考虑加入《旨在废除死刑的〈公约〉第二项任意议定书》。
18.	18.
The State party should:	缔约国应：
(a)	(a)
Ensure that legislative and regulatory provisions governing the use of force comply with the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, that law enforcement officials apply non-violent measures before any use of force when conducting demonstration control operations and that law enforcement officials respect the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality and accountability;	确保关于使用武力的立法和规章条例符合《执法人员使用武力和火器的基本原则》，确保执法人员执行示威管控行动时，在使用武力前首先采用非暴力措施，并确保他们遵守合法性、必要性、适度性以及问责原则。
(b)	(b)
Ensure that all allegations of excessive use of force and extrajudicial killings by State agents during demonstrations are investigated promptly, thoroughly and impartially, that those responsible are prosecuted and, if found guilty, are punished, and that the victims obtain redress.	确保关于国家人员在示威中过度使用武力以及法外处决的所有指称立即得到彻底、公正的调查，确保对责任人提起诉讼，认定有罪的予以惩处，并确保受害人获得补救。
D.	D.
Dissemination and follow-up	传播和后续行动
19.	19.
The State party should widely disseminate the Covenant, its first Optional Protocol, its combined third and fourth periodic reports, and the present concluding observations with a view to raising awareness of the rights enshrined in the Covenant among the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities, civil society and non-governmental organizations operating in the country, and the general public.	缔约国应广泛传播《公约》及其第一项任择议定书、缔约国的第三和第四次合并定期报告和本结论性意见，以提高司法、立法和行政部门以及在缔约国开展活动的民间社会团体和非政府组织及广大公众对《公约》所载权利的认识。
The State party should ensure that the report and the present concluding observations are translated into the official language of the State party.	缔约国应确保将报告和本结论性意见译成缔约国的官方语言。
The State party should widely disseminate the Covenant, its two Optional Protocols, its fifth periodic report, the written replies to the Committee’s list of issues and the present concluding observations with a view to raising awareness of the rights enshrined in the Covenant among the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities, civil society and non-governmental organizations operating in the country, and the general public, including members of minority communities and indigenous peoples.	缔约国应广泛传播《公约》及其两项任择议定书、缔约国的第五次定期报告、对委员会问题清单的书面答复和本结论性意见，以提高司法、立法和行政部门以及在缔约国开展活动的民间社会团体和非政府组织及广大公众包括少数群体成员和土著人民对《公约》所载权利的认识。
The State party should ensure that the report and the present concluding observations are translated into the other official language of the State party.	缔约国应确保将报告和本结论性意见译成缔约国的其他官方语言。
20.	20.
In accordance with rule 71, paragraph 5, of the Committee’s rules of procedure, the State party is requested to provide, within one year of the adoption of the present concluding observations, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 8 (Constitutional Court), 30 (State of emergency and counter-terrorism) and 48 (Freedom of peaceful assembly) above.	根据委员会议事规则第71条第5款，缔约国应在本结论性意见通过后一年内提供资料，说明委员会在上文第8段(宪法法院)、第30段(紧急状态和反恐)和第48段(和平集会自由)所提建议的落实情况。
In accordance with rule 75, paragraph 1, of the Committee’s rules of procedure, the State party is requested to provide, by 26 July 2021, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 33 (trafficking in persons), 37 (unaccompanied minors) and 41 (pretrial detention) above.	根据委员会议事规则第75条第1款，缔约国应在2021年7月26日之前提供资料，说明委员会在上文第33段(人口贩运)、第37段(孤身未成年人)和第41段(审前拘留)所提建议的落实情况。
In accordance with rule 71, paragraph 5, of the Committee’s rules of procedure, the State party is requested to provide, within two years of the adoption of the present concluding observations, that is, by 8 November 2021, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 19 (right to life and security of person), 23 (impunity) and 43 (freedom of expression and association).	根据委员会议事规则第71条第5款，缔约国应在本结论性意见通过后两年内，即2021年11月8日之前提供资料，说明委员会在上文第19段(生命权和人身安全权)、第23段(有罪不罚)和第43段(表达和结社自由)所提建议的落实情况。
21.	21.
The Committee requests the State party to submit its next periodic report by 26 July 2025 and to include in that report specific up-to-date information on the implementation of the recommendations made in the present concluding observations and of the Covenant as a whole.	委员会请缔约国在2025年7月26日前提交下次定期报告，载列具体和最新资料说明落实本结论性意见所提建议和全面履行《公约》的情况。
The Committee also requests the State party, in preparing the report, to broadly consult civil society and non-governmental organizations operating in the country, as well as minority and marginalized groups.	委员会还请缔约国在编写报告时广泛征求在缔约国开展活动的民间社会团体和非政府组织以及少数群体和边缘群体的意见。
In accordance with General Assembly resolution 68/268, the word limit for the report is 21,200 words.	按照大会第68/268号决议，报告字数应限制在21,200字以内。
Alternatively, the Committee invites the State party to agree, by 26 July 2022, to use its simplified reporting procedure, whereby the Committee transmits a list of issues to the State party prior to the submission of its report.	或者，委员会请缔约国在2022年7月26日前同意采用简化报告程序，即由委员会向缔约国发送问题清单供其提交报告。
The State party’s response to the list of issues will constitute the next periodic report to be submitted under article 40 of the Covenant.	缔约国对问题清单的答复将构成其根据《公约》第四十条提交的下次定期报告。
22.	22.
In accordance with the Committee’s planned review cycle, the State party will in 2026 receive from the Committee the list of issues prior to submission of the report and will have one year to submit its replies to the list of issues, which will constitute its sixth periodic report.	根据委员会计划的审议周期，缔约国将在2026年收到委员会发送的报告前问题清单，并有一年时间提交对问题清单的答复，该答复将构成缔约国的第六次定期报告。
In accordance with the Committee’s predictable review cycle, the State party will in 2026 receive from the Committee the list of issues prior to submission of the report and will be expected to submit within one year its replies to the list of issues, which will constitute its sixth periodic report.	根据委员会可预测的审议周期，缔约国将在2026年收到委员会发送的报告前问题清单，并应在一年内提交对问题清单的答复，该答复将构成缔约国的第六次定期报告。
The Committee also requests the State party, in preparing its report, to broadly consult civil society and non-governmental organizations operating in the country.	委员会还请缔约国在编写报告时广泛征求在缔约国开展活动的民间社会团体和非政府组织的意见。
In accordance with General Assembly resolution 68/268, the word limit for the report is 21,200 words.	按照大会第68/268号决议，报告字数应限制在21,200字以内。
The next constructive dialogue with the State party will take place in Geneva in 2028.	与缔约国的下一次建设性对话将于2028年在日内瓦举行。
23.	23.
Given that the State party has accepted the simplified reporting procedure, the Committee will transmit to it a list of issues prior to the submission of the report in due course.	鉴于缔约国已接受简化报告程序，委员会将在适当时候向缔约国发送报告前问题清单。
The State party’s replies to that list will constitute its fifth periodic report.	缔约国对问题清单的答复将构成其第五次定期报告。
In accordance with General Assembly resolution 68/268, the word limit for the report is 21,200 words.	按照大会第68/268号决议，报告字数应限制在21,200字以内。
* Adopted by the Committee at its 128th session (2–27 March 2020).	* 委员会第一百二十八届会议(2020年3月2日至27日)通过。