Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties

关于国家在条约方面的继承的维也纳公约

The States Parties to the present Convention,

本公约缔约各国，

Considering the profound transformation of the international community brought about by the decolonization process,

考虑到非殖民化进程为国际社会带来的深刻变化，

Considering also that other factors may lead to cases of succession of States in the future,

并考虑到其他因素可能在将来造成国家继承的情况，

Convinced, in these circumstances, of the need for the codification and progressive development of the rules relating to succession of States in respect of treaties as a means for ensuring greater juridical security in international relations,

深信在这种情况下，有必要编纂并逐渐发展有关国家在条约方面的继承的规则，作为确保在国际关系上有较大法律保障的一种方法，

Noting that the principles of free consent, good faith and pacta sunt servanda are universally recognized,

注意到自由同意、诚信以及条约必须遵守的原则，是得到全世界承认的，

Emphasizing that the consistent observance of general multilateral treaties which deal with the codification and progressive development of international law and those the object and purpose of which are of interest to the international community as a whole is of special importance for the strengthening of peace and international cooperation,

强调指出对于凡是涉及国际法的编纂和逐渐发展或其目的与宗旨同整个国际社会相关的一般性多边条约，一贯地予以遵守，对加强和平与国际合作有特别的重要性，

Having in mind the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, such as the principles of the equal rights and self-determination of peoples, of the sovereign equality and independence of all States, of non-interference in the domestic affairs of States, of the prohibition of the threat or use of force, and of universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,

考虑到《联合国宪章》所体现的各项国际法原则，诸如所有人民权利平等和自决的原则，一切国家主权平等和独立的原则，不干涉各国内政的原则，禁止使用或威胁使用武力的原则，以及普遍尊重与遵守全人类的人权和基本自由的原则，

Recalling that respect for the territorial integrity and political independence of any State is required by the Charter of the United Nations,

回顾《联合国宪章》要求对每一个国家的领土完整和政治独立加以尊重，

Bearing in mind the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969,

铭记着一九六九年《维也纳条约法公约》的各项规定，

Bearing also in mind article 73 of that Convention,

又铭记着该公约的第七十三条，

Affirming that questions of the law of treaties other than those that may arise from a succession of States are governed by the relevant rules of international law, including those rules of customary international law which are embodied in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969,

确认凡是并非由于国家继承而产生的条约法问题，应以相关的国际法规则，其中包括一九六九年《维也纳条约法公约》所载的习惯国际法规则为准，

Affirming that the rules of customary international law will continue to govern questions not regulated by the provisions of the present Convention,

确认对于本公约条款未予规定的问题，仍以习惯国际法规则为准，

Have agreed as follows:

协议如下：

Part I.

第一部分

General Provisions

总则

Article l

第一条

Scope of the present Convention

本公约的范围

The present Convention applies to the effects of a succession of States in respect of treaties between States.

本公约适用于国家继承对国家间条约的效果。

Article 2

第二条

Use of terms

用语

1. For the purposes of the present Convention:

1. 为本公约的目的：

(a) “treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments, and whatever its particular designation;

(a) “条约”是指国家间缔结而以国际法为准的国际书面协定，不论它是载于一项单独文书或载于两项或两项以上相互有关的文书，亦不论它采用什么特定名称；

(b) “succession of States” means the replacement of one State by another in the responsibility for the international relations of territory;

(b) “国家继承”是指一国对领土的国际关系所负的责任，由别国取代；

(c) “predecessor State” means the State which has been replaced by another State on the occurrence of a succession of States;

(c) “被继承国”是指国家继承发生时，被别国取代的国家；

(d) “successor State” means the State which has replaced another State on the occurrence of a succession of States;

(d) “继承国”是指国家继承发生时，取代别国的国家；

(e) “date of the succession of States” means the date upon which the successor State replaced the predecessor State in the responsibility for the international relations of the territory to which the succession of States relates;

(e) “国家继承日期”是指被继承国对国家继承所涉领土的国际关系所负的责任，由继承国取代的日期；

(f) “newly independent State” means a successor State the territory of which immediately before the date of the succession of States was a dependent territory for the international relations of which the predecessor State was responsible;

(f) “新独立国家”是指其领土在国家继承日期之前原是由被继承国负责其国际关系的附属领土的继承国；

(g) “notification of succession” means in relation to a multilateral treaty any notification, however phrased or named, made by a successor State expressing its consent to be considered as bound by the treaty;

(g) “继承通知”是指在多边条约方面，继承国所作的任何通知，不论其措词和名称为何，其中表示它同意被视为接受条约的约束；

(h) “full powers” means in relation to a notification of succession or any other notification under the present Convention a document emanating from the competent authority of a State designating a person or persons to represent the State for communicating the notification of succession or, as the case may be, the notification;

(h) “全权证书”是指在继承通知或本公约所规定的任何其他通知方面，一国主管当局所发文件，其中指定由某人或某些人代表该国发出继承通知或其他通知；

(i) “ratification”, “acceptance” and “approval” mean in each case the international act so named whereby a State establishes on the international plane its consent to be bound by a treaty;

(i) “批准”、“接受”、“赞同”分别指一国表示批准、接受、赞同的国际行动，用以在国际上确定该国同意接受条约的约束；

(j) “reservation” means a unilateral statement, however phrased or named, made by a State when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty or when making a notification of succession to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to modify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to that State;

(j) “保留”是指一国在签署、批准、接受、赞同或加入条约、或发出继承条约的通知时所作的片面声明，不论其措词和名称为何，用意在于排除或更改条约中若干规定对该国适用时的法律效果；

(k) “contracting State” means a State which has consented to be bound by the treaty, whether or not the treaty has entered into force;

(k) “缔约国”是指不问条约已否生效，同意接受条约约束的国家；

(1) “party” means a State which has consented to be bound by the treaty and for which the treaty is in force;

(l) “当事国”是指同意接受条约约束，而且条约已对它生效的国家；

(m) “other State party” means in relation to a successor State any party, other than the predecessor State, to a treaty in force at the date of a succession of States in respect of the territory to which that succession of States relates;

(m) “别的当事国”对继承国来说，是指除被继承国以外，在国家继承日期对国家继承所涉领土有效的条约的任何当事国；

(n) “international organization” means an intergovernmental organization.

(n) “国际组织”是指政府间组织。

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 regarding the use of terms in the present Convention are without prejudice to the use of those terms or to the meanings which may be given to them in the internal law of any State.

2. 第1款关于本公约内各种用语的规定，不影响这些用语在任何国家的国内法上可能有的用法，亦不影响该国内法可能赋予它们的意义。

Article 3

第三条

Cases not within the scope of the present Convention

不属本公约范围的情况

The fact that the present Convention does not apply to the effects of a succession of States in respect of international agreements concluded between States and other subjects of international law or in respect of international agreements not in written form shall not affect:

本公约不适用于国家继承对国家同其他国际法主体所缔结的国际协定的效果，亦不适用于国家继承对非书面国际协定的效果，但这一事实并不影响：

(a) the application to such cases of any of the rules set forth in the present Convention to which they are subject under international law independently of the Convention;

(a) 本公约所载的任何规则对不属本公约范围的情况的适用，依照国际法规定，这种情况应适用此等规则而不必本公约加以规定；

(b) the application as between States of the present Convention to the effects of a succession of States in respect of international agreements to which other subjects of international law are also parties.

(b) 在国家之间，就国家继承对有其他国际法主体也是当事国的国际协定所生效果，本公约的适用。

Article 4

第四条

Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization

组成国际组织的条约和在国际组织内通过的条约

The present Convention applies to the effects of a succession of States in respect of:

本公约适用于国家继承对下列条约的效果：

(a) any treaty which is the constituent instrument of an international organization without prejudice to the rules concerning acquisition of membership and without prejudice to any other relevant rules of the organization;

(a) 构成一个国际组织的组织约章的任何条约，但不妨碍关于取得成员资格的规则，亦不妨碍这个组织的任何其他有关规则；

(b) any treaty adopted within an international organization without prejudice to any relevant rules of the organization.

(b) 在一个国际组织内通过的任何条约，但不妨碍这个组织的任何有关规则。

Article 5

第五条

Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty

国际法所加而不以条约为基础的义务

The fact that a treaty is not considered to be in force in respect of a State by virtue of the application of the present Convention shall not in any way impair the duty of that State to fulfil any obligation embodied in the treaty to which it is subject under international law independently of the treaty.

因本公约的适用而使一项条约被视为对某一国家失效时，该国对于该条约所载任何义务，如有不以该条约为基础，依照国际法规定仍须加以履行的责任，此种责任绝不因失效的事实而有所减损。

Article 6

第六条

Cases of succession of States covered by the present Convention

属于本公约范围的国家继承事件

The present Convention applies only to the effects of a succession of States occurring in conformity with international law and, in particular, the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.

本公约只适用于依照国际法尤其是《联合国宪章》所体现的国际法原则而发生的国家继承的效果。

Article 7

第七条

Temporal application of the present Convention

本公约的暂时适用

1. Without prejudice to the application of any of the rules set forth in the present Convention to which the effects of a succession of States would be subject under international law independently of the Convention, the Convention applies only in respect of a succession of States which has occurred after the entry into force of the Convention except as may be otherwise agreed.

1. 在不妨碍本公约所载，依照国际法规定应当适用于国家继承的效果，而不必由本公约加以规定的任何规则的适用的情况下，本公约只对在本公约生效后所发生的国家继承适用，但另有协议时，不在此限。

2. A successor State may, at the time of expressing its consent to be bound by the present Convention or at any time thereafter, make a declaration that it will apply the provisions of the Convention in respect of its own succession of States which has occurred before the entry into force of the Convention in relation to any other contracting State or State Party to the Convention which makes a declaration accepting the declaration, of the successor State.

2. 继承国可在表示同意接受本公约约束时，或在其后任何时间发表声明，宣布将就公约生效前所发生的该国本身的国家继承，对宣布接受继承国所作声明的任何其他缔约国或当事国，适用公约的各项规定。

Upon the entry into force of the Convention as between the States making the declarations or upon the making of the declaration of acceptance, whichever occurs later, the provisions of the Convention shall apply to the effects of the succession of States as from the date of that succession of States.

一旦公约在发表声明的国家间生效，或一旦作出了接受声明，二者以后发生的为准，公约各项规定即应自该国家继承日期起适用于国家继承的效果。

3. A successor State may at the time of signing or of expressing its consent to be bound by the present Convention make a declaration that it will apply the provisions of the Convention provisionally in respect of its own succession of States which has occurred before the entry into force of the Convention in relation to any other signatory or contracting State which makes a declaration accepting the declaration of the successor State;

3. 继承国可在签署或表示同意接受本公约约束时发表声明，宣布将就公约生效前所发生的该国本身的国家继承，对宣布接受继承国所作声明的任何其他签署或缔约国暂时适用公约的各项规定；

upon the making of the declaration of acceptance, those provisions shall apply provisionally to the effects of the succession of States as between those two States as from the date of that succession of States.

一旦作出接受声明，这些规定即自该国家继承日期起在这两个国家间暂时适用于国家继承的效果。

4. Any declaration made in accordance with paragraph 2 or 3 shall be contained in a written notification communicated to the depositary, who shall inform the Parties and the States entitled to become Parties to the present Convention of the communication to him of that notification and of its terms.

4. 根据第2款或第3款作出的任何声明，均应载于书面通知，递交保管人，保管人应将他所收到的该项通知及其内容，通知各当事国和有资格成为本公约当事国的国家。

Article 8

第八条

Agreements for the devolution of treaty obligations or rights from a predecessor State to a successor State

关于被继承国将条约义务或权利移转给继承国的协定

1. The obligations or rights of a predecessor State under treaties in force in respect of a territory at the date of a succession of States do not become the obligations or rights of the successor State towards other States Parties to those treaties by reason only of the fact that the predecessor State and the successor State have concluded an agreement providing that such obligations or rights shall devolve upon the successor State.

1. 被继承国依照在国家继承日期对领土有效的条约而具有的义务或权利，不仅仅因为被继承国同继承国曾经缔结协定，规定把这种义务或权利移转给继承国的事实，就成为继承国对这些条约的其他当事国所具有的义务或权利。

2. Notwithstanding the conclusion of such an agreement, the effects of a succession of States on treaties which, at the date of that succession of States, were in force in respect of the territory in question are governed by the present Convention.

2. 虽然缔有这种协定，国家继承对于在国家继承日期对有关领土有效的条约所生的效果，仍以本公约的规定为准。

Article 9

第九条

Unilateral declaration by a successor State regarding treaties of the predecessor State

继承国就被继承国条约所作的片面声明

1. Obligations or rights under treaties in force in respect of a territory at the date of a succession of States do not become the obligations or rights of the successor State or of other States Parties to those treaties by reason only of the fact that the successor State has made a unilateral declaration providing for the continuance in force of the treaties in respect of its territory.

1. 依照在国家继承日期对领土有效的条约而具有的义务或权利，不仅仅因为继承国曾经作出片面声明，宣布这些条约对其领土继续有效的事实，就成为继承国的义务或权利，或成为这些条约的别的当事国的义务或权利。

2. In such a case, the effects of the succession of States on treaties which, at the date of that succession of States, were in force in respect of the territory in question are governed by the present Convention.

2. 遇有这种情形，国家继承对于在国家继承日期对有关领土有效的条约所生的效果，以本公约的规定为准。

Article 10

第十条

Treaties providing for the participation of a successor State

规定继承国参加的条约

1. When a treaty provides that, on the occurrence of a succession of States, a successor State shall have the option to consider itself a party to the treaty, it may notify its succession in respect of the treaty in conformity with the provisions of the treaty or, failing any such provisions, in conformity with the provisions of the present Convention.

1. 条约如规定遇有国家继承发生时，继承国可有选择权利自认为该条约的当事国，该国可依照该条约的规定，或于缺乏此种规定时，依照本公约的规定，通知其对条约的继承。

2. If a treaty provides that, on the occurrence of a succession of States, a successor State shall be considered as a party to the treaty, that provision takes effect as such only if the successor State expressly accepts in writing to be so considered.

2. 如条约规定遇有国家继承发生时继承国应被视为该条约的当事国，则须继承国以书面明示同意被视为当事国，这项规定才发生效力。

3. In cases falling under paragraph 1 or 2, a successor State which establishes its consent to be a party to the treaty is considered as a party from the date of the succession of States unless the treaty otherwise provides or it is otherwise agreed.

3. 遇有第1、2两款所规定的情形，凡经确定同意为该条约当事国的继承国，自国家继承日期起视为当事国，但条约另有规定或另有协议时，不在此限。

Article 11

第十一条

Boundary regimes

边界制度

A succession of States does not as such affect:

国家继承本身不影响：

(a) a boundary established by a treaty;

(a) 条约划定的边界；

or

或

(b) obligations and rights established by a treaty and relating to the regime of a boundary.

(b) 条约规定的同边界制度有关的义务和权利。

Article 12

第十二条

Other territorial regimes

其他关于领土的制度

1. A succession of States does not as such affect:

1. 国家继承本身不影响：

(a) obligations relating to the use of any territory, or to restrictions upon its use, established by a treaty for the benefit of any territory of a foreign State and considered as attaching to the territories in question;

(a) 条约为了外国任何领土的利益而订定的有关任何领土的使用或限制使用，并被视为附属于有关领土的各种义务；

(b) rights established by a treaty for the benefit of any territory and relating to the use, or to restrictions upon the use, of any territory of a foreign State and considered as attaching to the territories in question.

(b) 条约为了任何领土的利益而订定的有关外国任何领土的使用或限制使用，并被视为附属于有关领土的各种权利。

2. A succession of States does not as such affect:

2. 国家继承本身不影响：

(a) obligations relating to the use of any territory, or to restrictions upon its use, established by a treaty for the benefit of a group of States or of all States and considered as attaching to that territory;

(a) 条约为了几个国家或所有国家的利益而订定的有关任何领土的使用或限制使用，并被视为附属于该领土的各种义务；

(b) rights established by a treaty for the benefit of a group of States or of all States and relating to the use of any territory, or to restrictions upon its use, and considered as attaching to that territory.

(b) 条约为了几个国家或所有国家的利益而订定的有关任何领土的使用或限制使用，并被视为附属于该领土的各种权利。

3. The provisions of the present article do not apply to treaty obligations of the predecessor State providing for the establishment of foreign military bases on the territory to which the succession of States relates.

3. 本条各项规定不适用于被继承国在国家继承所涉领土上容许设立外国军事基地的条约义务。

Article 13

第十三条

The present Convention and permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources

本公约和对自然财富与资源的永久主权

Nothing in the present Convention shall affect the principles of international law affirming the permanent sovereignty of every people and every State over its natural wealth and resources.

本公约的任何规定均不影响确认每一民族和每一国家对其自然财富与资源拥有永久主权的国际法原则。

Article 14

第十四条

Questions relating to the validity of a treaty

同条约效力有关的问题

Nothing in the present Convention shall be considered as prejudging in any respect any question relating to the validity of a treaty.

本公约的任何规定不应视为在任何方面影响同条约效力有关的任何问题。

Part II.

第二部分

Succession in Respect of Part of Territory

对领土一部分的继承

Article 15

第十五条

Succession in respect of part of territory

对领土一部分的继承

When part of the territory of a State, or when any territory for the international relations of which a State is responsible, not being part of the territory of that State, becomes part of the territory of another State:

一国领土的一部分，或虽非一国领土的一部分但其国际关系由该国负责的任何领土，成为另一国领土的一部分时：

(a) treaties of the predecessor State cease to be in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates from the date of the succession of States;

(a) 被继承国的条约，自国家继承日期起，停止对国家继承所涉领土生效；

and (b) treaties of the successor State are in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates from the date of the succession of States, unless it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty to that territory would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

(b) 继承国的条约，自国家继承日期起，对国家继承所涉领土生效，但从条约可知或另经确定该条约对该领土的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件时，不在此限。

Part III.

第三部分

Newly Independent States

新独立国家

section 1.

第一节

general rule

一般规定

Article 16

第十六条

Position in respect of the treaties of the predecessor State

对于被继承国条约的地位

A newly independent State is not bound to maintain in force, or to become a party to, any treaty by reason only of the fact that at the date of the succession of States the treaty was in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates.

新独立国家对于任何条约，不仅仅因为在国家继承日期该条约对国家继承所涉领土有效的事实，就有义务维持该条约的效力或者成为该条约的当事国。

section 2.

第二节

multilateral treaties

多边条约

Article 17

第十七条

Participation in treaties in force at the date of the succession of States

参加在国家继承日期有效的条约

1. Subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, a newly independent State may, by a notification of succession, establish its status as a party to any multilateral treaty which at the date of the succession of States was in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates.

1. 在第2和第3款规定的限制下，新独立国家对于在国家继承日期对国家继承所涉领土有效的任何多边条约，可发出继承通知，确立其成为该条约当事国的地位。

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the newly independent State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

2. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对新独立国家的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1款的规定即不适用。

3. When, under the terms of the treaty or by reason of the limited number of the negotiating States and the object and purpose of the treaty, the participation of any other State in the treaty must be considered as requiring the consent of all the parties, the newly independent State may establish its status as a party to the treaty only with such consent.

3. 依条约规定，或因谈判国数目有限和因条约的目的与宗旨，任何其他国家参加该条约必须认为应经全体当事国同意时，新独立国家只有在获得此种同意后才可确立其成为该条约当事国的地位。

Article 18

第十八条

Participation in treaties not in force at the date of the succession of States

参加在国家继承日期未生效的条约

1. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, a newly independent State may, by a notification of succession, establish its status as a contracting State to a multilateral treaty which is not in force if at the date of the succession of States the predecessor State was a contracting State in respect of the territory to which that succession of States relates.

1. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，新独立国家对于虽未生效但在国家继承日期被继承国因国家继承所涉领土而为缔约国的多边条约，可发出继承通知，确立其成为该条约缔约国的地位。

2. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, a newly independent State may, by a notification of succession, establish its status as a party to a multilateral treaty which enters into force after the date of the succession of States if at the date of the succession of States the predecessor State was a contracting State in respect of the territory to which that succession of States relates.

2. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，新独立国家对于虽在国家继承日期后生效但在国家继承日期被继承国因国家继承所涉领土而为缔约国的多边条约，可发出继承通知，确立其成为该条约当事国的地位。

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the newly independent State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

3. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对新独立国家的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1和第2款的规定即不适用。

4. When, under the terms of the treaty or by reason of the limited number of the negotiating States and the object and purpose of the treaty, the participation of any other State in the treaty must be considered as requiring the consent of all the parties or of all the contracting States, the newly independent State may establish its status as a party or as a contracting State to the treaty only with such consent.

4. 依条约规定，或因谈判国数目有限和因条约的目的与宗旨，任何其他国家参加该条约必须认为应经全体当事国或全体缔约国同意时，新独立国家只有在获得此种同意后才可确立其成为该条约当事国或缔约国的地位。

5. When a treaty provides that a specified number of contracting States shall be necessary for its entry into force, a newly independent State which establishes its status as a contracting State to the treaty under paragraph 1 shall be counted as a contracting State for the purpose of that provision unless a different intention appears from the treaty, or is otherwise established.

5. 如条约规定须有特定数目的缔约国条约才能生效，依照第1款规定确立其成为该条约缔约国地位的新独立国家，应为这项规定的目的，视为缔约国，但从条约可知或另经确定有不同意向时，不在此限。

Article 19

第十九条

Participation in treaties signed by the predecessor State subject to ratification, acceptance or approval

参加被继承国所签署但须经批准、接受或赞同的条约

1. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, if before the date of the succession of States the predecessor State signed a multilateral treaty subject to ratification, acceptance or approval and by the signature intended that the treaty should extend to the territory to which the succession of States relates, the newly independent State may ratify, accept or approve the treaty as if it had signed that treaty and may thereby become a party or a contracting State to it.

1. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，如在国家继承日期以前，被继承国签署了一项须经批准、接受或赞同的多边条约，而签署的目的在使该条约适用于国家继承所涉的领土，新独立国家可如已经签署该条约，对该条约予以批准、接受或赞同，从而成为该条约的当事国或缔约国。

2. For the purpose of paragraph 1, unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, the signature by the predecessor State of a treaty is considered to express the intention that the treaty should extend to the entire territory for the international relations of which the predecessor State was responsible.

2. 为第1款的目的，除从条约可知或另经确定有不同意向外，被继承国对一项条约的签署，应视为使该条约适用于被继承国对其国际关系负责的全部领土的意思表示。

3. Paragraph 1 does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the newly independent State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

3. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对新独立国家的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1款的规定即不适用。

4. When, under the terms of the treaty or by reason of the limited number of the negotiating States and the object and purpose of the treaty, the participation of any other State in the treaty must be considered as requiring the consent of all the parties or of all the contracting States, the newly independent State may become a party or a contracting State to the treaty only with such consent.

4. 依条约规定，或因谈判国数目有限和因条约的目的与宗旨，任何其他国家参加该条约必须认为应经全体当事国或全体缔约国同意时，新独立国家只有在获得此种同意后才可成为该条约的当事国或缔约国。

Article 20

第二十条

Reservations

保留

1. When a newly independent State establishes its status as a party or as a contracting State to a multilateral treaty by a notification of succession under article 17 or 18, it shall be considered as maintaining any reservation to that treaty which was applicable at the date of the succession of States in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates unless, when making the notification of succession, it expresses a contrary intention or formulates a reservation which relates to the same subject matter as that reservation.

1. 新独立国家如依照第十七或第十八条的规定，发出继承通知，确立其成为一项多边条约当事国或缔约国的地位，应认为该国维持在国家继承日期仍适用于国家继承所涉领土的对该条约所作的任何保留，除非该国在作出继承通知时，表示相反的意思，或就该项保留所涉的同一主题作出一项保留。

2. When making a notification of succession establishing its status as a party or as a contracting State to a multilateral treaty under article 17 or 18, a newly independent State may formulate a reservation unless the reservation is one the formulation of which would be excluded by the provisions of subparagraph (a), (b) or (c) of article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

2. 新独立国家依照第十七或第十八条的规定，作出继承通知，确立其成为一项多边条约当事国或缔约国的地位时，可作出保留，除非该项保留是维也纳条约法公约第十九条(a)、(b)或(c)款所禁止作出的。

3. When a newly independent State formulates a reservation in conformity with paragraph 2, the rules set out in articles 20 to 23 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties apply in respect of that reservation.

3. 新独立国家依照第2款的规定作出保留时，维也纳条约法公约第二十至二十三条所载各项规则，适用于该项保留。

Article 21

第二十一条

Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice between differing provisions

同意受条约一部分的约束和在不同规定之间的选择

1. When making a notification of succession under article 17 or 18 establishing its status as a party or contracting State to a multilateral treaty, a newly independent State may, if the treaty so permits, express its consent to be bound by part of the treaty or make a choice between differing provisions under the conditions laid down in the treaty for expressing such consent or making such choice.

1. 新独立国家依照第十七或第十八条的规定，作出继承通知，确立其成为一项多边条约当事国或缔约国的地位时，如条约许可，可表示同意受该条约一部分的约束或在不同规定之间作出选择，但须依照该条约所定关于表示此种同意或作出此种选择的条件。

2. A newly independent State may also exercise, under the same conditions as the other parties or contracting States, any right provided for in the treaty to withdraw or modify any consent expressed or choice made by itself or by the predecessor State in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates.

2. 新独立国家亦可依照与其他当事国或缔约国相同的条件，行使条约中所规定的任何权利，撤回或更改其本身所作的或被继承国就国家继承所涉领土所作的任何同意或选择。

3. If the newly independent State does not in conformity with paragraph 1 express its consent or make a choice, or in conformity with paragraph 2 withdraw or modify the consent or choice of the predecessor State, it shall be considered as maintaining:

3. 新独立国家如不依照第1款的规定表示同意或作出选择，亦不依照第2款的规定撤回或更改被继承国所作的同意或选择，应认为该国维持：

(a) the consent of the predecessor State, in conformity with the treaty, to be bound, in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates, by part of that treaty;

(a) 被继承国按照条约规定就国家继承所涉领土所表示的接受该条约一部分约束的同意；

or

或

(b) the choice of the predecessor State, in conformity with the treaty, between differing provisions in the application of the treaty in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates.

(b) 被继承国按照条约规定就条约对国家继承所涉领土的适用问题在不同规定之间所作的选择。

Article 22

第二十二条

Notification of succession

继承通知

1. A notification of succession in respect of a multilateral treaty under article 17 or 18 shall be made in writing.

1. 第十七及第十八条所规定的对多边条约的继承通知，必须以书面作出。

2. If the notification of succession is not signed by the Head of State, Head of Government or Minister for Foreign Affairs, the representative of the State communicating it may be called upon to produce full powers.

2. 如果继承通知未经国家元首、政府首脑或外交部长签署，可要求发出继承通知国家的代表出示全权证书。

3. Unless the treaty otherwise provides, the notification of succession shall:

3. 除条约另有规定外，继承通知应：

(a) be transmitted by the newly independent State to the depositary, or, if there is no depositary, to the parties or the contracting States;

(a) 由新独立国家递交保管人，如无保管人，则递交各当事国或各缔约国；

(b) be considered to be made by the newly independent State on the date on which it is received by the depositary or, if there is no depositary, on the date on which it is received by all the parties or, as the case may be, by all the contracting States.

(b) 视为新独立国家在保管人收到继承通知之日作出，如无保管人，则视为在全体当事国或全体缔约国收到继承通知之日作出。

4. Paragraph 3 does not affect any duty that the depositary may have, in accordance with the treaty or otherwise, to inform the parties or the contracting States of the notification of succession or any communication made in connection therewith by the newly independent State.

4. 第3款的规定不影响保管人按照条约或其他规定所负的将新独立国家所作的继承通知或与此有关的任何公文通知各当事国或各缔约国的任何责任。

5. Subject to the provisions of the treaty, the notification of succession or the communication made in connection therewith shall be considered as received by the State for which it is intended only when the latter State has been informed by the depositary.

5. 在条约各项规定的限制下，此种继承通知或与其有关的公文，只有在所要通知的国家获得保管人通知后，才可视为已送达该国。

Article 23

第二十三条

Effects of a notification of succession

继承通知的效果

1. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or it is otherwise agreed, a newly independent State which makes a notification of succession under article 17 or article 18, paragraph 2, shall be considered a party to the treaty from the date of the succession of States or from the date of entry into force of the treaty, whichever is the later date.

1. 除条约另有规定或另有协议外，依照第十七条或第十八条第2款规定作出继承通知的新独立国家，应于国家继承日期或条约生效之日起，两者中以较后日期为准，视为条约的当事国。

2. Nevertheless, the operation of the treaty shall be considered as suspended as between the newly independent State and the other parties to the treaty until the date of making of the notification of succession except insofar as that treaty may be applied provisionally in accordance with article 27 or as may be otherwise agreed.

2. 但是，在作出继承通知之日以前，条约应视为在新独立国家和条约其他当事国之间暂停施行，除非按照第二十七条规定暂时适用该条约，或另有协议。

3. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or it is otherwise agreed, a newly independent State which makes a notification of succession under article 18, paragraph 1, shall be considered a contracting State to the treaty from the date on which the notification of succession is made.

3. 除条约另有规定或另有协议外，依照第十八条第1款规定作出继承通知的新独立国家，应于作出继承通知之日起，视为条约的缔约国。

section 3.

第三节

bilateral treaties

双边条约

Article 24

第二十四条

Conditions under which a treaty is considered as being in force in the case of a succession of States

在国家继承时条约被视为有效的条件

1. A bilateral treaty which at the date of a succession of States was in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates is considered as being in force between a newly independent State and the other State party when:

1. 在国家继承日期对国家继承所涉领土有效的双边条约，在以下情况，应视为在新独立国家与别的当事国间有效：

(a) they expressly so agree;

(a) 两国作此明示同意；

or

或

(b) by reason of their conduct they are to be considered as having so agreed.

(b) 因两国的行为，可认为两国已如此同意。

2. A treaty considered as being in force under paragraph 1 applies in the relations between the newly independent State and the other State party from the date of the succession of States, unless a different intention appears from their agreement or is otherwise established.

2. 依第1款规定认为有效的条约，自国家继承日期起，适用于新独立国家与别的当事国间的关系，但从两国协议可知或另经确定有不同意向时，不在此限。

Article 25

第二十五条

The position as between the predecessor State and the newly independent State

被继承国与新独立国家之间的情形

A treaty which under article 24 is considered as being in force between a newly independent State and the other State party is not by reason only of that fact to be considered as being in force also in the relations between the predecessor State and the newly independent State.

依照第二十四条规定认为在新独立国家与别的当事国间有效的条约，不仅仅因为此一事实，就视为在被继承国与新独立国家间的关系上也有效力。

Article 26

第二十六条

Termination, suspension of operation or amendment of the treaty as between the predecessor State and the other State party

条约在被继承国和另一当事国间的终止、停止施行或修正

1. When under article 24 a treaty is considered as being in force between a newly independent State and the other State party, the treaty:

1. 根据第二十四条规定视为在新独立国家和别的当事国间有效的条约：

(a) does not cease to be in force between them by reason only of the fact that it has subsequently been terminated as between the predecessor State and the other State party;

(a) 不仅仅因为该条约后来在被继承国和别的当事国间终止的事实，即在新独立国家和别的当事国间停止生效；

(b) is not suspended in operation as between them by reason only of the fact that it has subsequently been suspended in operation as between the predecessor State and the other State party;

(b) 不仅仅因为该条约后来在被继承国和别的当事国间停止施行的事实，即在新独立国家和别的当事国间停止施行；

(c) is not amended as between them by reason only of the fact that it has subsequently been amended as between the predecessor State and the other State party.

(c) 不仅仅因为该条约后来在被继承国和别的当事国间曾予修正的事实，即视为在新独立国家和别的当事国间也予修正。

2. The fact that a treaty has been terminated or, as the case may be, suspended in operation as between the predecessor State and the other State party after the date of the succession of States does not prevent the treaty from being considered to be in force or, as the case may be, in operation as between the newly independent State and the other State party if it is established in accordance with article 24 that they so agreed.

2. 条约于国家继承日期后在被继承国和别的当事国间终止或停止施行的事实，并不妨碍该条约被视为在新独立国家和别的当事国间有效或施行，如果按照第二十四的规定确定两国已经这样协议。

3. The fact that a treaty has been amended as between the predecessor State and the other State party after the date of the succession of States does not prevent the unamended treaty from being considered to be in force under article 24 as between the newly independent State and the other State party, unless it is established that they intended the treaty as amended to apply between them.

3. 条约于国家继承日期后在被继承国和别的当事国间曾予修正的事实，并不妨碍未经修正的条约被视为依照第二十四条的规定在新独立国家和别的当事国间有效，除非已经确定两国有意使修正后的条约在它们之间适用。

section 4.

第四节

provisional application

暂时适用

Article 27

第二十七条

Multilateral treaties

多边条约

1. If, at the date of the succession of States, a multilateral treaty was in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates and the newly independent State gives notice of its intention that the treaty should be applied provisionally in respect of its territory, that treaty shall apply provisionally between the newly independent State and any party which expressly so agrees or by reason of its conduct is to be considered as having so agreed.

1. 一项多边条约如于国家继承日期对国家继承所涉领土有效，而且新独立国家通知有意使该条约暂时对其领土适用，则该条约应在新独立国家与明示如此同意或从其行为可以认为已经如此同意的任何当事国间暂时适用。

2. Nevertheless, in the case of a treaty which falls within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the consent of all the parties to such provisional application is required.

2. 但关于第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，则必须全体当事国对这种暂时适用表示同意。

3. If, at the date of the succession of States, a multilateral treaty not yet in force was being applied provisionally in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates and the newly independent State gives notice of its intention that the treaty should continue to be applied provisionally in respect of its territory, that treaty shall apply provisionally between the newly independent State and any contracting State which expressly so agrees or by reason of its conduct is to be considered as having so agreed.

3. 一项尚未生效的多边条约如在国家继承日期正对国家继承所涉领土暂时适用，而且新独立国家通知有意使该条约继续对其领土暂时适用，则该条约应在新独立国家与明示如此同意或从其行为可以认为已经如此同意的任何缔约国间暂时适用。

4. Nevertheless, in the case of a treaty which falls within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the consent of all the contracting States to such continued provisional application is required.

4. 但关于第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，则必须全体缔约国对这种继续暂时适用表示同意。

5. Paragraphs 1 to 4 do not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the newly independent State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

5. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对新独立国家的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1至第4款的规定即不适用。

Article 28

第二十八条

Bilateral treaties

双边条约

A bilateral treaty which at the date of a succession of States was in force or was being provisionally applied in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates is considered as applying provisionally between the newly independent State and the other State concerned when:

在国家继承日期对国家继承所涉领土有效或正对该领土暂时适用的双边条约，在下列情况，应视为在新独立国家与另一有关国家间暂时适用：

(a) they expressly so agree;

(a) 两国明示如此同意；

or

或

(b) by reason of their conduct they are to be considered as having so agreed.

(b) 因两国的行为，可以认为两国已经如此同意。

Article 29

第二十九条

Termination of provisional application

暂时适用的终止

1. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or it is otherwise agreed, the provisional application of a multilateral treaty under article 27 may be terminated:

1. 除条约另有规定或另有协议外，第二十七条所规定的多边条约的暂时适用，可在下列情况终止：

(a) by reasonable notice of termination given by the newly independent State or the party or contracting State provisionally applying the treaty and the expiration of the notice;

(a) 新独立国家或暂时适用该条约的当事国或缔约国发出合理的终止通知，而通知期满；

or

或

(b) in the case of a treaty which falls within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, by reasonable notice of termination given by the newly independent State or all of the parties or, as the case may be, all of the contracting States and the expiration of the notice.

(b) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，新独立国家或所有当事国或缔约国发出合理的终止通知，而通知期满。

2. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or it is otherwise agreed, the provisional application of a bilateral treaty under article 28 may be terminated by reasonable notice of termination given by the newly independent State or the other State concerned and the expiration of the notice.

2. 除条约另有规定或另有协议外，第二十八条所规定的双边条约的暂时适用，可因新独立国家或另一有关国家发出合理的终止通知和通知期满而终止。

3. Unless the treaty provides for a shorter period for its termination or it is otherwise agreed, reasonable notice of termination shall be twelve months’ notice from the date on which it is received by the other State or States provisionally applying the treaty.

3. 除条约对其终止规定较短期限或另有协议外，合理的终止通知应为十二个月期的通知，从暂时适用该条约的其他国家收到该项通知之日起算。

4. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or it is otherwise agreed, the provisional application of a multilateral treaty under article 27 shall be terminated if the newly independent State gives notice of its intention not to become a party to the treaty.

4. 除条约另有规定或另有协议外，第二十七条所规定的多边条约的暂时适用，如经新独立国家通知无意成为该条约的当事国，应即终止。

section 5.

第五节

newly independent states formed from two or more territories

两个或两个以上领土组成的新独立国家

Article 30

第三十条

Newly independent States formed from two or more territories

两个或两个以上领土组成的新独立国家

1. Articles 16 to 29 apply in the case of a newly independent State formed from two or more territories.

1. 第十六至第二十九条的规定，适用于两个或两个以上领土组成的新独立国家。

2. When a newly independent State formed from two or more territories is considered as or becomes a party to a treaty by virtue of article 17, 18 or 24 and at the date of the succession of States the treaty was in force, or consent to be bound had been given, in respect of one or more, but not all, of those territories, the treaty shall apply in respect of the entire territory of that State unless:

2. 两个或两个以上领土组成的新独立国家因第十七、第十八或第二十四条的规定而被视为或成为一项条约的当事国时，如该条约在国家继承日期已对这些领土中的一个或一个以上——但非全部——领土有效，或者已就一个或一个以上领土作出接受条约约束的同意，则该条约应对该国的全部领土适用，除非：

(a) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the entire territory would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation;

(a) 从条约可知或另经确定该条约对全部领土的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件；

(b) in the case of a multilateral treaty not falling under article 17, paragraph 3, or under article 18, paragraph 4, the notification of succession is restricted to the territory in respect of which the treaty was in force at the date of the succession of States, or in respect of which consent to be bound by the treaty had been given prior to that date;

(b) 关于第十七条第3款和第十八条第4款范围以外的多边条约，继承通知限于条约在国家继承日期对其有效的领土，或限于在该日期以前已就其作出接受条约约束的同意的领土；

(c) in the case of a multilateral treaty falling under article 17, paragraph 3, or under article 18, paragraph 4, the newly independent State and the other States Parties or, as the case may be, the other contracting States otherwise agree;

(c) 关于第十七条第3款或第十八条第4款范围以内的多边条约，新独立国家与别的当事国或其他缔约国另有协议；

or

或

(d) in the case of a bilateral treaty, the newly independent State and the other State concerned otherwise agree.

(d) 关于双边条约，新独立国家与另一有关国家另有协议。

3. When a newly independent State formed from two or more territories becomes a party to a multilateral treaty under article 19 and by the signature or signatures of the predecessor State or States it had been intended that the treaty should extend to one or more, but not all, of those territories, the treaty shall apply in respect of the entire territory of the newly independent State unless:

3. 两个或两个以上领土组成的新独立国家依照第十九条规定成为一项多边条约的当事国时，如被继承国签署该条约是要使该条约适用于这些领土中的一个或一个以上——但非全部——领土，则该条约应对新独立国家的全部领土适用，除非：

(a) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the entire territory would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation;

(a) 从条约可知或另经确定该条约对全部领土的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件；

(b) in the case of a multilateral treaty not falling under article 19, paragraph 4, the ratification, acceptance or approval of the treaty is restricted to the territory or territories to which it was intended that the treaty should extend;

(b) 关于第十九条第4款范围以外的多边条约，条约的批准、接受或赞同限于原拟使条约适用的领土；

or

或

(c) in the case of a multilateral treaty falling under article 19, paragraph 4, the newly independent State and the other States Parties or, as the case may be, the other contracting States otherwise agree.

(c) 关于第十九条第4款范围以内的多边条约，新独立国家与别的当事国或其他缔约国另有协议。

Part IV.

第四部分

Uniting and Separation of States

国家的合并和分离

Article 31

第三十一条

Effects of a uniting of States in respect of treaties in force at the date of the succession of States

国家的合并对在国家继承日期有效的条约的效果

1. When two or more States unite and so form one successor State, any treaty in force at the date of the succession of States in respect of any of them continues in force in respect of the successor State unless:

1. 两个或两个以上国家合并而组成一个继承国时，在国家继承日期对其中任何一个国家有效的任何条约，继续对继承国有效，除非：

(a) the successor State and the other State party or States Parties otherwise agree;

(a) 继承国与别的当事国另有协议；

or

或

(b) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

(b) 从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件。

2. Any treaty continuing in force in conformity with paragraph 1 shall apply only in respect of the part of the territory of the successor State in respect of which the treaty was in force at the date of the succession of States unless:

2. 按照第1款规定继续有效的任何条约，应只对该条约在国家继承日期对其有效的那一部分继承国领土适用，除非：

(a) in the case of a multilateral treaty not falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State makes a notification that the treaty shall apply in respect of its entire territory;

(a) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类以外的多边条约，继承国作出通知，表示该条约应对其全部领土适用；

(b) in the case of a multilateral treaty falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State and the other States Parties otherwise agree;

(b) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类范围内的多边条约，继承国与全体当事国另有协议；

or

或

(c) in the case of a bilateral treaty, the successor State and the other State party otherwise agree.

(c) 关于双边条约，继承国与另一当事国另有协议。

3. Paragraph 2 (a) does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the entire territory of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

3. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国全部领土的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第2款(a)项的规定即不适用。

Article 32

第三十二条

Effects of a uniting of States in respect of treaties not in force at the date of the succession of States

国家的合并对在国家继承日期未生效的条约的效果

1. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, a successor State falling under article 31 may, by making a notification, establish its status as a contracting State to a multilateral treaty which is not in force if, at the date of the succession of States, any of the predecessor States was a contracting State to the treaty.

1. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，第三十一条范围内的继承国，对于虽未生效但在国家继承日期任何一个被继承国为其缔约国的多边条约，可作出通知，确立其成为该条约缔约国的地位。

2. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, a successor State falling under article 31 may, by making a notification, establish its status as a party to a multilateral treaty which enters into force after the date of the succession of States if, at that date, any of the predecessor States was a contracting State to the treaty.

2. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，第三十一条范围内的继承国，对于虽在国家继承日期后生效但在国家继承日期任何一个被继承国为其缔约国的多边条约，可作出通知，确立其为该条约当事国的地位。

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

3. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1和第2款的规定即不适用。

4. If the treaty is one falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State may establish its status as a party or as a contracting State to the treaty only with the consent of all the parties or of all the contracting States.

4. 如果条约是第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，继承国只有在获得全体当事国或全体缔约国的同意后才可确立其成为该条约当事国或缔约国的地位。

5. Any treaty to which the successor State becomes a contracting State or a party in conformity with paragraph 1 or 2 shall apply only in respect of the part of the territory of the successor State in respect of which consent to be bound by the treaty had been given prior to the date of the succession of States unless:

5. 继承国按照第1款或第2款规定成为其缔约国或当事国的任何条约，应只对在国家继承日期以前，曾就其作出同意接受该条约约束的那一部分继承国领土适用，除非：

(a) in the case of a multilateral treaty not falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State indicates in its notification made under paragraph 1 or 2 that the treaty shall apply in respect of its entire territory;

(a) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类以外的多边条约，继承国依照第1或第2款规定作出通知，表示该条约应对其全部领土适用；

or

或

(b) in the case of a multilateral treaty falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State and all the parties or, as the case may be, all the contracting States otherwise agree.

(b) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类范围内的多边条约，继承国与全体当事国或全体缔约国另有协议。

6. Paragraph 5 (a) does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the entire territory of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

6. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国全部领土的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第5款(a)项的规定即不适用。

Article 33

第三十三条

Effects of a uniting of States in respect of treaties signed by a predecessor State subject to ratification, acceptance or approval

国家的合并对被继承国所签署但须经批准、接受或赞同的条约的效果

1. Subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, if before the date of the succession of States one of the predecessor States had signed a multilateral treaty subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, a successor State falling under article 31 may ratify, accept or approve the treaty as if it had signed that treaty and may thereby become a party or a contracting State to it.

1. 在第2和第3款规定的限制下，如果被继承国之一在国家继承日期以前签署一项须经批准、接受或赞同的多边条约，第三十一条范围内的继承国可如已经签署该条约，对该条约予以批准、接受或赞同，从而成为该条约的当事国或缔约国。

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

2. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1款的规定即不适用。

3. If the treaty is one falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State may become a party or a contracting State to the treaty only with the consent of all the parties or of all the contracting States.

3. 如果条约是第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，继承国只有在获得全体当事国或全体缔约国的同意后才可成为该条约的当事国或缔约国。

4. Any treaty to which the successor State becomes a party or a contracting State in conformity with paragraph 1 shall apply only in respect of the part of the territory of the successor State in respect of which the treaty was signed by one of the predecessor States unless:

4. 继承国按照第1款规定成为其当事国或缔约国的任何条约，应只对被继承国之一就其签署该条约的那一部分继承国领土适用，除非：

(a) in the case of a multilateral treaty not falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State when ratifying, accepting or approving the treaty gives notice that the treaty shall apply in respect of its entire territory;

(a) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类以外的多边条约，继承国在批准、接受或赞同该条约时作出通知，表示该条约应对其全部领土适用；

or

或

(b) in the case of a multilateral treaty falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State and all the parties or, as the case may be, all the contracting States otherwise agree.

(b) 关于第十七条第3款所指的一类范围内的多边条约，继承国与全体当事国或全体缔约国另有协议。

5. Paragraph 4 (a) does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the entire territory of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

5. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国全部领土的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第4款(a)项的规定即不适用。

Article 34

第三十四条

Succession of States in cases of separation of parts of a State

在一个国家的若干部分分离的情况下的国家继承

1. When a part or parts of the territory of a State separate to form one or more States, whether or not the predecessor State continues to exist:

1. 一个国家的一部分或几部分领土分离而组成一个或一个以上国家时，不论被继承国是否继续存在：

(a) any treaty in force at the date of the succession of States in respect of the entire territory of the predecessor State continues in force in respect of each successor State so formed;

(a) 在国家继承日期对被继承国全部领土有效的任何条约，继续对如此组成的每一继承国有效；

(b) any treaty in force at the date of the succession of States in respect only of that part of the territory of the predecessor State which has become a successor State continues in force in respect of that successor State alone.

(b) 在国家继承日期仅对成为继承国的那一部分被继承国领土有效的任何条约，只对该继承国继续有效。

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if:

2. 如有下列情形，第1款的规定即不适用：

(a) the States concerned otherwise agree;

(a) 有关国家另有协议；

or

或

(b) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

(b) 从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件。

Article 35

第三十五条

Position if a State continues after separation of part of its territory

一个国家在其一部分领土分离后继续存在时的情形

When, after separation of any part of the territory of a State, the predecessor State continues to exist, any treaty which at the date of the succession of States was in force in respect of the predecessor State continues in force in respect of its remaining territory unless:

一个国家任何一部分领土分离后，被继承国如继续存在，在国家继承日期对被继承国有效的任何条约，继续对该国的其余领土有效，除非：

(a) the States concerned otherwise agree;

(a) 有关国家另有协议；

(b) it is established that the treaty related only to the territory which has separated from the predecessor State;

(b) 确定该条约只同已与被继承国分离的领土有关；

or

或

(c) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the predecessor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

(c) 从条约可知或另经确定该条约对被继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件。

Article 36

第三十六条

Participation in treaties not in force at the date of the succession of States in cases of separation of parts of a State

在一个国家的若干部分分离的情况下，参加在国家继承日期未生效的条约

1. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, a successor State falling under article 34, paragraph 1, may, by making a notification, establish its status as a contracting State to a multilateral treaty which is not in force if, at the date of the succession of States, the predecessor State was a contracting State to the treaty in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates.

1. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，第三十四条第1款范围内的继承国，对于虽未生效但在国家继承日期被继承国因国家继承所涉领土而为缔约国的多边条约，可作出通知，确立其成为该条约缔约国的地位。

2. Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, a successor State falling under article 34, paragraph 1, may, by making a notification, establish its status as a party to a multilateral treaty which enters into force after the date of the succession of States if at that date the predecessor State was a contracting State to the treaty in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates.

2. 在第3和第4款规定的限制下，第三十四条第1款范围内的继承国，对于虽在国家继承日期后生效但在国家继承日期被继承国因国家继承所涉领土而为缔约国的多边条约，可作出通知，确立其成为该条约当事国的地位。

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

3. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1和第2款的规定即不适用。

4. If the treaty is one falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State may establish its status as a party or as a contracting State to the treaty only with the consent of all the parties or of all the contracting States.

4. 如果条约是第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，继承国只有在获得全体当事国或全体缔约国同意后才可确立其成为该条约当事国或缔约国的地位。

Article 37

第三十七条

Participation in cases of separation of parts of a State in treaties signed by the predecessor State subject to ratification, acceptance or approval

在一个国家的若干部分分离的情况下，参加被继承国所签署但须经批准、接受或赞同的条约

1. Subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, if before the date of the succession of States the predecessor State had signed a multilateral treaty subject to ratification, acceptance or approval and the treaty, if it had been in force at that date, would have applied in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates, a successor State falling under article 34, paragraph 1, may ratify, accept or approve the treaty as if it had signed that treaty and may thereby become a party or a contracting State to it.

1. 在第2和第3款规定的限制下，如果在国家继承日期以前，被继承国签署了一项须经批准、接受或赞同的多边条约，而该条约在国家继承日期如已生效即对国家继承所涉领土适用时，第三十四条第1款范围内的继承国可如已经签署该条约，对该条约予以批准、接受或赞同，从而成为该条约的当事国或缔约国。

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

2. 如从条约可知或另经确定该条约对继承国的适用不合条约的目的和宗旨或者根本改变实施条约的条件，第1款的规定即不适用。

3. If the treaty is one falling within the category mentioned in article 17, paragraph 3, the successor State may become a party or a contracting State to the treaty only with the consent of all the parties or of all the contracting States.

3. 如果条约是第十七条第3款所指的一类条约，继承国只有在获得全体当事国或全体缔约国同意后才可成为该条约的当事国或缔约国。

Article 38

第三十八条

Notifications

通知

1. Any notification under articles 31, 32 or 36 shall be made in writing.

1. 第三十一、三十二或三十六条所规定的任何通知，必须以书面作出。

2. If the notification is not signed by the Head of State, Head of Government or Minister for Foreign Affairs, the representative of the State communicating it may be called upon to produce full powers.

2. 如果通知未经国家元首、政府首脑或外交部长签署，可要求发出通知国家的代表出示全权证书。

3. Unless the treaty otherwise provides, the notification shall:

3. 除条约另有规定外，通知应：

(a) be transmitted by the successor State to the depositary, or, if there is no depositary, to the parties or the contracting States;

(a) 由继承国递交保管人，如无保管人，则递交各当事国或各缔约国；

(b) be considered to be made by the successor State on the date on which it is received by the depositary or, if there is no depositary, on the date on which it is received by all the parties or, as the case may be, by all the contracting States.

(b) 视为继承国在保管人收到通知之日作出，如无保管人，则视为在全体当事国或全体缔约国收到通知之日作出。

4. Paragraph 3 does not affect any duty that the depositary may have, in accordance with the treaty or otherwise, to inform the parties or the contracting States of the notification or any communication made in connection therewith by the successor State.

4. 第3款的规定不影响保管人按照条约或其他规定所负的将继承国所作的通知或与其有关的任何公文通知各当事国或各缔约国的任何责任。

5. Subject to the provisions of the treaty, such notification or communication shall be considered as received by the State for which it is intended only when the latter State has been informed by the depositary.

5. 在条约各项规定的限制下，这种通知和公文，只有在所要通知的国家获得保管人通知后，才可视为已送达该国。

Part V.

第五部分

Miscellaneous Provisions

杂项规定

Article 39

第三十九条

Cases of State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities

关于国家责任和爆发敌对行动的事件

The provisions of the present Convention shall not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to the effects of a succession of States in respect of a treaty from the international responsibility of a State or from the outbreak of hostilities between States.

本公约各项规定不预断由于一国的国际责任，或由于国家之间爆发敌对行动，而可能引起的关于国家继承对一项条约的效果的任何问题。

Article 40

第四十条

Cases of military occupation

关于军事占领的事件

The provisions of the present Convention shall not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to a treaty from the military occupation of a territory.

本公约各项规定不预断由于对领土的军事占领而可能引起的关于一项条约的任何问题。

Part VI.

第六部分

Settlement of Disputes

解决争端

Article 41

第四十一条

Consultation and negotiation

协商和谈判

If a dispute regarding the interpretation or application of the present Convention arises between two or more Parties to the Convention, they shall, upon the request of any of them, seek to resolve it by a process of consultation and negotiation.

如果本公约两个或两个以上当事国对公约的解释或适用发生争端，它们应经其中任何一国要求，设法以协商和谈判方式解决该争端。

Article 42

第四十二条

Conciliation

调解

If the dispute is not resolved within six months of the date on which the request referred to in article 41 has been made, any party to the dispute may submit it to the conciliation procedure specified in the Annex to the present Convention by submitting a request to that effect to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and informing the other party or parties to the dispute of the request.

如果在提出第四十一条所述要求后六个月内争端仍未解决，争端任何一方可将调解的请求向联合国秘书长提出，并就该项请求通知争端他方，以便将争端提交本公约附件所规定的调解程序。

Article 43

第四十三条

Judicial settlement and arbitration

司法解决和仲裁

Any State at the time of signature or ratification of the present Convention or accession thereto or at any time thereafter, may, by notification to the depositary, declare that, where a dispute has not been resolved by the application of the procedures referred to in articles 41 and 42, that dispute may be submitted for a decision to the International Court of Justice by a written application of any party to the dispute, or in the alternative to arbitration, provided that the other party to the dispute has made a like declaration.

任何国家于签署或批准本公约或加入本公约时，或在其后任何时间，可以通知保管人，宣布如果一项争端适用第四十一和第四十二条所指的程序仍未获得解决，该争端可由争端任何一方以书面申请书提请国际法院判决，或提交仲裁，但需争端他方也作出类似声明。

Article 44

第四十四条

Settlement by common consent

一致同意的解决办法

Notwithstanding articles 41, 42 and 43, if a dispute regarding the interpretation or application of the present Convention arises between two or more Parties to the Convention, they may by common consent agree to submit it to the International Court of Justice, or to arbitration, or to any other appropriate procedure for the settlement of disputes.

虽有第四十一、第四十二和第四十三条的规定，如果本公约两个或两个以上当事国对公约的解释或适用发生争端，它们可以一致同意的方式，将争端提交国际法院、或提交仲裁、或提交任何其他适当程序，以解决该争端。

Article 45

第四十五条

Other provisions in force for the settlement of disputes

解决争端的其他有效规定

Nothing in articles 41 to 44 shall affect the rights or obligations of the Parties to the present Convention under any provisions in force binding them with regard to the settlement of disputes.

第四十一至第四十四条的任何规定，都不影响本公约各当事国根据对它们有约束力的关于解决争端的任何有效规定而有的权利和义务。

Part VII.

第七部分

Final Provisions

最后规定

Article 46

第四十六条

Signature

签署

The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States until 28 February 1979 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Austria, and subsequently, until 31 August 1979, at United Nations Headquarters in New York.

本公约应于一九七九年二月二十八日以前在奥地利共和国联邦外交部对一切国家开放签署，其后于一九七九年八月三十一日以前在纽约联合国总部对一切国家开放签署。

Article 47

第四十七条

Ratification

批准

The present Convention is subject to ratification.

本公约须经批准。

The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

批准书应交联合国秘书长保管。

Article 48

第四十八条

Accession

加入

The present Convention shall remain open for accession by any State.

本公约应对任何国家随时开放加入。

The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

加入书应交联合国秘书长保管。

Article 49

第四十九条

Entry into force

生效

1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification or accession.

1. 本公约应在第十五份批准或加入书交存之日起第三十天生效。

2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

2. 对于在第十五份批准或加入书交存后才批准或加入本公约的国家，本公约应于各该国交存批准或加入书以后第三十天生效。

Article 50

第五十条

Authentic texts

有效文本

The original of the present Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

本公约原本应交联合国秘书长保管，其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文各种文本具有同等效力。

In witness whereof the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the present Convention.

为此，下列全权代表，经各自政府正式授权，在本公约上签字，以资证明。

Done at Vienna this twenty-third day of August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight.

一九七八年八月二十三日订于维也纳。

Annex

附件

1. A list of conciliators consisting of qualified jurists shall be drawn up and maintained by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. 联合国秘书长应拟订并保持一份由合格法学家组成的调解员名单。

To this end, every State which is a Member of the United Nations or a Party to the present Convention shall be invited to nominate two conciliators, and the names of the persons so nominated shall constitute the list.

为此目的，应请联合国每一个会员国或本公约当事国提名调解员二人； 这些被提名者的姓名构成该名单。

The term of a conciliator, including that of any conciliator nominated to fill a casual vacancy, shall be five years and may be renewed.

调解员，其中包括临时提名填补空缺的任何仲裁员的任期应为五年，并得连任。

A conciliator whose term expires shall continue to fulfil any function for which he shall have been chosen under the following paragraph.

任期届满的调解员，应继续执行他按照下段规定当选执行的职务。

2. When a request has been made to the Secretary-General under article 42, the Secretary-General shall bring the dispute before a conciliation commission constituted as follows:

2. 秘书长收到依第四十二条提出的请求后，应将争端提交以下列方式组成的调解委员会：

The State or States constituting one of the parties to the dispute shall appoint:

构成争端一方的一国或数国应指派：

(a) one conciliator of the nationality of that State or of one of those States, who may or may not be chosen from the list referred to in paragraph 1;

(a) 拥有该国或该数国中一国国籍的调解员一人，该调解员可自第一段所述名单以内或以外选出；

and

以及

(b) one conciliator not of the nationality of that State or of any of those States, who shall be chosen from the list.

(b) 不属该国或该数国中任何一国国籍的调解员一人，该调解员须自名单中选出。

The State or States constituting the other party to the dispute shall appoint two conciliators in the same way.

争端他方的一国或数国应按同样方法指派调解员二人。

The four conciliators chosen by the parties shall be appointed within sixty days following the date on which the Secretary-General receives the request.

各方选出的调解员四人应在秘书长收到请求后六十天内指派。

The four conciliators shall, within sixty days following the date of the appointment of the last of them, appoint a fifth conciliator chosen from the list, who shall be chairman.

调解员四人应在其中最后一人获得指派之日起六十天内，指派选自该名单的第五名调解员，担任主席职务。

If the appointment of the chairman or of any of the other conciliators has not been made within the period prescribed above for such appointment, it shall be made by the Secretary-General within sixty days following the expiry of that period.

如果在上述进行这些指派的期间内，无法完成主席或任何其他调解员的指派，秘书长即应在该期间届满后六十天内进行这些指派。

The appointment of the chairman may be made by the Secretary-General either from the list or from the membership of the International Law Commission.

秘书长可自该名单或国际法委员会委员中指派一人担任主席。

Any of the periods within which appointments must be made may be extended by agreement between the parties to the dispute.

争端各方可以协议延长必须作出指派的任何期间。

Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the initial appointment.

填补任何空缺都应以最初指派的方式为之。

3. The Conciliation Commission shall decide its own procedure.

3. 调解委员会应决定它自己的程序。

The Commission, with the consent of the parties to the dispute, may invite any Party to the present Convention to submit to it its views orally or in writing.

委员会征得争端各方同意，可请本公约任何当事国以口头或书面方式向它提出意见。

Decisions and recommendations of the Commission shall be made by a majority vote of the five members.

委员会的决定和建议，应以成员五人的多数票作出。

4. The Commission may draw the attention of the parties to the dispute to any measures which might facilitate an amicable settlement.

4. 委员会可提请争端各方注意可能有助于促成友好解决的任何措施。

5. The Commission shall hear the parties, examine the claims and objections, and make proposals to the parties with a view to reaching an amicable settlement of the dispute.

5. 委员会应听取争端各方的证词，审查各项主张和反对意见，并向争端各方提出建议，以求能够友好地解决争端。

6. The Commission shall report within twelve months of its constitution.

6. 委员会应在其成立后十二个月内提出报告。

Its report shall be deposited with the Secretary-General and transmitted to the parties to the dispute.

它的报告应交存于秘书长，并转交争端各方。

The report of the Commission, including any conclusions stated therein regarding the facts or questions of law, shall not be binding upon the parties and it shall have no other character than that of recommendations submitted for the consideration of the parties in order to facilitate an amicable settlement of the dispute.

委员会的报告——包括其中所载任何关于事实或法律问题的结论——对争端各方均无拘束力，除了是提供争端各方参考的建议，以求有助于友好解决争端以外，不具其他性质。

7. The Secretary-General shall provide the Commission with such assistance and facilities as it may require.

7. 秘书长应向委员会提供它可能需要的协助和设施。

The expenses of the Commission shall be borne by the United Nations.

委员会的费用应由联合国负担。