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UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA	联合国海洋法公约
Montego Bay, 10 December 1982	蒙特哥湾， 1982年12月10日
Source: United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363, p. 3.	United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363, p. 3.
The States Parties to this Convention,	本公约缔约各国，
Prompted by the desire to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware of the historic significance of this Convention as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world,	本着以互相谅解和合作的精神解决与海洋法有关的一切问题的愿望，并且认识到本公约对于维护和平、正义和全世界人民的进步作出重要贡献的历史意义，
Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the need for a new and generally acceptable Convention on the law of the sea,	注意到自从一九五八年和一九六〇年在日内瓦举行了联合国海洋法会议以来的种种发展，着重指出了需要有一项新的可获一般接受的海洋法公约，
Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,	意识到各海洋区域的种种问题都是彼此密切相关的，有必要作为一个整体来加以考虑，
Recognizing the desirability of establishing through this Convention, with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans which will facilitate international communication, and will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,	认识到有需要通过本公约，在妥为顾及所有国家主权的情形下，为海洋建立一种法律秩序，以便利国际交通和促进海洋的和平用途，海洋资源的公平而有效的利用，海洋生物资源的养护以及研究、保护和保全海洋环境，
Bearing in mind that the achievement of these goals will contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,	考虑到达成这些目标将有助于实现公正公平的国际经济秩序，这种秩序将照顾到全人类的利益和需要，特别是发展中国家的特殊利益和需要，不论其为沿海国或内陆国，
Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17 December 1970 in which the General Assembly of the United Nations solemnly declared inter alia that the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its resources, are the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,	希望以本公约发展一九七〇年十二月十七日第2749（XXV）号决议所载各项原则，联合国大会在该决议中庄严宣布，除其他外，国家管辖范围以外的海床和洋底区域及其底土以及该区域的资源为人类的共同继承财产，其勘探与开发应为全人类的利益而进行，不论各国的地理位置如何，
Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Convention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,	相信在本公约中所达成的海洋法的编纂和逐渐发展，将有助于按照《联合国宪章》所载的联合国的宗旨和原则巩固各国间符合正义和权利平等原则的和平、安全、合作和友好关系，并将促进全世界人民的经济和社会方面的进展，
Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,	确认本公约未予规定的事项，应继续以一般国际法的规则和原则为准据，
Have agreed as follows:	经协议如下：
PART I	第一部分
INTRODUCTION	用语
Article 1	第一条
Use of terms and scope	用语和范围
1. For the purposes of this Convention:	1．为本公约的目的：
(1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;	（1）“‘区域’”是指国家管辖范围以外的海床和洋底及其底土。
(2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority;	（2）“管理局”是指国际海底管理局。
(3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;	（3）“‘区域’内活动”是指勘探和开发“区域”的资源的一切活动。
(4) "pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities;	（4）“海洋环境的污染”是指：人类直接或间接把物质或能量引入海洋环境，其中包括河口湾，以致造成或可能造成损害生物资源和海洋生物、危害人类健康、妨碍包括捕鱼和海洋的其他正当用途在内的各种海洋活动、损坏海水使用质量和减损环境优美等有害影响。
(5) (a) "dumping" means:	（5）（a）“倾倒”是指：
(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;	（一）从船只、飞机、平台或其他人造海上结构故意处置废物或其他物质的行为；
(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;	（二）故意处置船只、飞机、平台或其他人造海上结构的行为。
(b) "dumping" does not include:	（b）“倾倒”不包括：
(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to, or derived from the normal operations of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment, other than wastes or other matter transported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea, operating for the purpose of disposal of such matter or derived from the treatment of such wastes or other matter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;	（一）船只、飞机、平台或其他人造海上结构及其装备的正常操作所附带发生或产生的废物或其他物质的处置，但为了处置这种物质而操作的船只、飞机、平台或其他人造海上结构所运载或向其输送的废物或其他物质，或在这种船只、飞机、平台或结构上处理这种废物或其他物质所产生的废物或其他物质均除外；
(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of this Convention. 2.	（二）并非为了单纯处置物质而放置物质，但以这种放置不违反本公约的目的为限。
(1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.	2．（1）“缔约国”是指同意受本公约拘束而本公约对其生效的国家。
(2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b) , (c) , (d) , (e) and (f) , which become Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities.	（2）本公约比照适用于第三〇五条第1款（b）、（c）、（d）、（e）和（f）项所指的实体，这些实体按照与各自有关的条件成为本公约的缔约国，在这种情况下，”缔约国”也指这些实体。
PART II	第二部分
TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE	领海和毗连区
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 2	第二条
Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil	领海及其上空、海床和底土的法律地位
1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea.	1．沿海国的主权及于其陆地领土及其内水以外邻接的一带海域，在群岛国的情形下则及于群岛水域以外邻接的一带海域，称为领海。
2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.	2．此项主权及于领海的上空及其海床和底土。
3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea is exercised subject to this Convention and to other rules of international law.	3．对于领海的主权的行使受本公约和其他国际法规则的限制。
SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA	第二节 领海的界限
Article 3	第三条
Breadth of the territorial sea	领海的宽度
Every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.	每一国家有权确定其领海的宽度，直至从按照本公约确定的基线量起不超过十二海里的界限为止。
Article 4	第四条
Outer limit of the territorial sea	领海的外部界限
The outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.	领海的外部界限是一条其每一点同基线最近点的距离等于领海宽度的线。
Article 5	第五条
Normal baseline	正常基线
Except where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.	除本公约另有规定外，测算领海宽度的正常基线是沿海国官方承认的大比例尺海图所标明的沿岸低潮线。
Article 6	第六条
Reefs	礁石
In the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State.	在位于环礁上的岛屿或有岸礁环列的岛屿的情形下，测算领海宽度的基线是沿海国官方承认的海图上以适当标记显示的礁石的向海低潮线。
Article 7	第七条
Straight baselines	直线基线
1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.	1．在海岸线极为曲折的地方，或者如果紧接海岸有一系列岛屿，测算领海宽度的基线的划定可采用连接各适当点的直线基线法。
2. Where because of the presence of a delta and other natural conditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low-water line and, notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low-water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective until changed by the coastal State in accordance with this Convention.	2．在因有三角洲和其他自然条件以致海岸线非常不稳定之处，可沿低潮线向海最远处选择各适当点，而且，尽管以后低潮线发生后退现象，该直线基线在沿海国按照本公约加以改变以前仍然有效。
3. The drawing of straight baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lying within the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.	3．直线基线的划定不应在任何明显的程度上偏离海岸的一般方向，而且基线内的海域必须充分接近陆地领土，使其受内水制度的支配。
4. Straight baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or except in instances where the drawing of baselines to and from such elevations has received general international recognition.	4．除在低潮高地上筑有永久高于海平面的灯塔或类似设施，或以这种高地作为划定基线的起讫点已获得国际一般承认者外，直线基线的划定不应以低潮高地为起讫点。
5. Where the method of straight baselines is applicable under paragraph 1, account may be taken, in determining particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the region concerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly evidenced by long usage.	5．在依据第1款可以采用直线基线法之处，确定特定基线时，对于有关地区所特有的并经长期惯例清楚地证明其为实在而重要的经济利益，可予以考虑。
6. The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a State in such a manner as to cut off the territorial sea of another State from the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.	6．一国不得采用直线基线制度，致使另一国的领海同公海或专属经济区隔断。
Article 8	第八条
Internal waters	内水
1. Except as provided in Part IV, waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State.	1．除第四部分另有规定外，领海基线向陆一面的水域构成国家内水的一部分。
2. Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such, a right of innocent passage as provided in this Convention shall exist in those waters.	2．如果按照第七条所规定的方法确定直线基线的效果使原来并未认为是内水的区域被包围在内成为内水，则在此种水域内应有本公约所规定的无害通过权。
Article 9	第九条
Mouths of rivers	河口
If a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-water line of its banks.	如果河流直接流入海洋，基线应是一条在两岸低潮线上两点之间横越河口的直线。
Article 10	第十条
Bays	海湾
1. This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State.	1．本条仅涉及海岸属于一国的海湾。
2. For the purposes of this Convention, a bay is a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast.	2．为本公约的目的，海湾是明显的水曲，其凹入程度和曲口宽度的比例，使其有被陆地环抱的水域，而不仅为海岸的弯曲。
An indentation shall not, however, be regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation.	但水曲除其面积等于或大于横越曲口所划的直线作为直径的半圆形的面积外，不应视为海湾。
3. For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation and a line joining the low-water mark of its natural entrance points.	3．为测算的目的，水曲的面积是位于水曲陆岸周围的低潮标和一条连接水曲天然入口两端低潮标的线之间的面积。
Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than one mouth, the semi-circle shall be drawn on a line as long as the sum total of the lengths of the lines across the different mouths.	如果因有岛屿而水曲有一个以上的曲口，该半圆形应划在与横越各曲口的各线总长度相等的一条线上。
Islands within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water area of the indentation.	水曲内的岛屿应视为水曲水域的一部分而包括在内。
4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay does not exceed 24 nautical miles, a closing line may be drawn between these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed thereby shall be considered as internal waters.	4．如果海湾天然入口两端的低潮标之间的距离不超过二十四海里，则可在这两个低潮标之间划出一条封口线，该线所包围的水域应视为内水。
5. Where the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay exceeds 24 nautical miles, a straight baseline of 24 nautical miles shall be drawn within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length.	5．如果海湾天然入口两端的低潮标之间的距离超过二十四海里，二十四海里的直线基线应划在海湾内，以划入该长度的线所可能划入的最大水域。
6. The foregoing provisions do not apply to so-called "historic" bays, or in any case where the system of straight baselines provided for in article 7 is applied.	6．上述规定不适用于所谓“历史性”海湾，也不适用于采用第七条所规定的直线基线法的任何情形。
Article 11	第十一条
Ports	港口
For the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, the outermost permanent harbour works which form an integral part of the harbour system are regarded as forming part of the coast.	为了划定领海的目的，构成海港体系组成部分的最外部永久海港工程视为海岸的一部分。
Off-shore installations and artificial islands shall not be considered as permanent harbour works.	近岸设施和人工岛屿不应视为永久海港工程。
Article 12	第十二条
Roadsteads	泊船处
Roadsteads which are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or partly outside the outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the territorial sea.	通常用于船舶装卸和下锚的泊船处，即使全部或一部位于领海的外部界限以外，都包括在领海范围之内。
Article 13	第十三条
Low-tide elevations	低潮高地
1. A low-tide elevation is a naturally formed area of land which is surrounded by and above water at low tide but submerged at high tide.	1．低潮高地是在低潮时四面环水并高于水面但在高潮时没入水中的自然形成的陆地。
Where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea.	如果低潮高地全部或一部与大陆或岛屿的距离不超过领海的宽度，该高地的低潮线可作为测算领海宽度的基线。
2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own.	2．如果低潮高地全部与大陆或岛屿的距离超过领海的宽度，则该高地没有其自己的领海。
Article 14	第十四条
Combination of methods for determining baselines	确定基线的混合办法
The coastal State may determine baselines in turn by any of the methods provided for in the foregoing articles to suit different conditions.	沿海国为适应不同情况，可交替使用以上各条规定的任何方法以确定基线。
Article 15	第十五条
Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or adjacent coasts	海岸相向或相邻国家间领海界限的划定
Where the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured.	如果两国海岸彼此相向或相邻，两国中任何一国在彼此没有相反协议的情形下，均无权将其领海伸延至一条其每一点都同测算两国中每一国领海宽度的基线上最近各点距离相等的中间线以外。
The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two States in a way which is at variance therewith.	但如因历史性所有权或其他特殊情况而有必要按照与上述规定不同的方法划定两国领海的界限，则不适用上述规定。
Article 16	第十六条
Charts and lists of geographical coordinates	海图的地理座标表
1. The baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea determined in accordance with articles 7, 9 and 10, or the limits derived therefrom, and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with articles 12 and 15 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position.	1．按照第七、第九和第十条确定的测算领海宽度的基线，或根据基线划定的界限，和按照第十二和第十五条划定的分界线，应在足以确定这些线的位置的一种或几种比例尺的海图上标出。
Alternatively, a list of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted.	或者，可以用列出各点的地理座标并注明大地基准点的表来代替。
2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	2．沿海国应将这种海图或地理座标表妥为公布，并应将各该海图和座标表的一份副本交存于联合国秘书长。
SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEA	第三节 领海的无害通过
SUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPS	A分节 适用于所有船舶的规则
Article 17	第十七条
Right of innocent passage	无害通过权
Subject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.	在本公约的限制下，所有国家，不论为沿海国或内陆国，其船舶均享有无害通过领海的权利。
Article 18	第十八条
Meaning of passage	通过的意义
1. Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of:	1．通过是指为了下列目的，通过领海的航行：
(a) traversing that sea without entering internal waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal waters; or	（a）穿过领海但不进入内水或停靠内水以外的泊船处或港口设施；或
(b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call at such roadstead or port facility.	（b）驶往或驶出内水或停靠这种泊船处或港口设施。
2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious.	2．通过应继续不停和迅速进行。
However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.	通过包括停船和下锚在内，但以通常航行所附带发生的或由于不可抗力或遇难所必要的或为救助遇险或遭难的人员、船舶或飞机的目的为限。
Article 19	第十九条
Meaning of innocent passage	无害通过的意义
1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State.	1．通过只要不损害沿海国的和平、良好秩序或安全，就是无害的。
Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.	这种通过的进行应符合本公约和其他国际法规则。
2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities:	2．如果外国船舶在领海内进行下列任何一种活动，其通过即应视为损害沿海国的和平、良好秩序或安全：
(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;	（a）对沿海国的主权、领土完整或政治独立进行任何武力威胁或使用武力，或以任何其他违反《联合国宪章》所体现的国际法原则的方式进行武力威胁或使用武力；
(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;	（b）以任何种类的武器进行任何操练或演习；
(c) any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State;	（c）任何目的在于搜集情报使沿海国的防务或安全受损害的行为；
(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State;	（d）任何目的在于影响沿海国防务或安全的宣传行为；
(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;	（e）在船上起落或接载任何飞机；
(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device;	（f）在船上发射、降落或接载任何军事装置；
(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;	（g）违反沿海国海关、财政、移民或卫生的法律和规章，上下任何商品、货币或人员；
(h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention;	（h）违反本公约规定的任何故意和严重的污染行为；
(i) any fishing activities;	（i）任何捕鱼活动；
(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities;	（j）进行研究或测量活动；
(k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State;	（k）任何目的在于干扰沿海国任何通讯系统或任何其他设施或设备的行为；
(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage.	（l）与通过没有直接关系的任何其他活动。
Article 20	第二十条
Submarines and other underwater vehicles	潜水艇和其他潜水器
In the territorial sea, submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.	在领海内，潜水艇和其他潜水器，须在海面上航行并展示其旗帜。
Article 21	第二十一条
Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage	沿海国关于无害通过的法律和规章
1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:	1．沿海国可依本公约规定和其他国际法规则，对下列各项或任何一项制定关于无害通过领海的法律和规章：
(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;	（a）航行安全及海上交通管理；
(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or installations;	（b）保护助航设备和设施以及其他设施或设备；
(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;	（c）保护电缆和管道；
(d) the conservation of the living resources of the sea;	（d）养护海洋生物资源；
(e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State;	（e）防止违犯沿海国的渔业法律和规章；
(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution thereof;	（f）保全沿海国的环境，并防止、减少和控制该环境受污染；
(g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys;	（g）海洋科学研究和水文测量；
(h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State.	（h）防止违犯沿海国的海关、财政、移民或卫生的法律和规章。
2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.	2．这种法律和规章除使一般接受的国际规则或标准有效外，不应适用于外国船舶的设计、构造、人员配备或装备。
3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.	3．沿海国应将所有这种法律和规章妥为公布。
4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.	4．行使无害通过领海权利的外国船舶应遵守所有这种法律和规章以及关于防止海上碰撞的一切一般接受的国际规章。
Article 22	第二十二条
Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea	领海内的海道和分道通航制
1. The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation, require foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to use such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships.	1．沿海国考虑到航行安全认为必要时，可要求行使无害通过其领海权利的外国船舶使用其为管制船舶通过而指定或规定的海道和分道通航制。
2. In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances or materials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes.	2．特别是沿海国可要求油轮、核动力船舶和载运核物质或材料或其他本质上危险或有毒物质或材料的船舶只在上述海道通过。
3. In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of traffic separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:	3．沿海国根据本条指定海道和规定分道通航制时，应考虑到：
(a) therecommendationsofthecompetentinternational organization;	（a）主管国际组织的建议；
(b) any channels customarily used for international navigation;	（b）习惯上用于国际航行的水道；
(c) the special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and	（c）特定船舶和水道的特殊性质；和
(d) the density of traffic.	（d）船舶来往的频繁程度。
4. The coastal State shall clearly indicate such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall be given.	4．沿海国应在海图上清楚地标出这种海道和分道通航制，并应将该海图妥为公布。
Article 23	第二十三条
Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances	外国核动力船舶和载运核物质或其他本质上危险或有毒物质的船舶
Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, carry documents and observe special precautionary measures established for such ships by international agreements.	外国核动力船舶和载运核物质或其他本质上危险或有毒物质的船舶，在行使无害通过领海的权利时，应持有国际协定为这种船舶所规定的证书并遵守国际协定所规定的特别预防措施。
Article 24	第二十四条
Duties of the coastal State	沿海国的义务
1. The coastal State shall not hamper the innocent passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea except in accordance with this Convention.	1．除按照本公约规定外，沿海国不应妨碍外国船舶无害通过领海。
In particular, in the application of this Convention or of any laws or regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention, the coastal State shall not:	尤其在适用本公约或依本公约制定的任何法律或规章时，沿海国不应：
(a) impose requirements on foreign ships which have the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage; or	（a）对外国船舶强加要求，其实际后果等于否定或损害无害通过的权利；或
(b) discriminate in form or in fact against the ships of any State or against ships carrying cargoes to, from or on behalf of any State.	（b）对任何国家的船舶、或对载运货物来往任何国家的船舶或对替任何国家载物的船舶，有形式上或事实上的歧视。
2. The coastal State shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.	2．沿海国应将其所知的在其领海内对航行有危险的任何情况妥为公布。
Article 25	第二十五条
Rights of protection of the coastal State	沿海国的保护权
1. The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent.	1．沿海国可在其领海内采取必要的步骤以防止非无害的通过。
2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters or a call at a port facility outside internal waters, the coastal State also has the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to internal waters or such a call is subject.	2．在船舶驶往内水或停靠内水外的港口设备的情形下，沿海国也有权采取必要的步骤，以防止对准许这种船舶驶往内水或停靠港口的条件的任何破坏。
3. The coastal State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises.	3．如为保护国家安全包括武器演习在内而有必要，沿海国可在对外国船舶之间在形式上或事实上不加歧视的条件，在其领海的特写区域内暂时停止外国船舶的无害通过。
Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.	这种停止仅应在正式公布后发生效力。
Article 26	第二十六条
Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships	可向外国船舶征收的费用
1. No charge may be levied upon foreign ships by reason only of their passage through the territorial sea.	1．对外国船舶不得仅以其通过领海为理由而征收任何费用。
2. Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship.	2．对通过领海的外国船舶，仅可作为对该船舶提供特定服务的报酬而征收费用。
These charges shall be levied without discrimination.	征收上述费用不应有任何歧视。
SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TO MERCHANT SHIPS AND GOVERNMENT SHIPS OPERATED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES	B分节 适用于商船和用于商业目的的政府船舶的规则
Article 27	第二十七条
Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship	外国船舶上的刑事管辖权
1. The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage, save only in the following cases:	1．沿海国不应在通过领海的外国船舶上行使刑事管辖权，以逮捕与在该船舶通过期间船上所犯任何罪行有关的任何人或进行与该罪行有关的任何调查，但下列情形除外：
(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State;	（a）罪行的后果及于沿海国；
(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea;	（b）罪行属于扰乱当地安宁或领海的良好秩序的性质；
(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested by the master of the ship or by a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State; or	（c）经船长或船旗国外交代表或领事官员请求地方当局予以协助；或
(d) if such measures are necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.	（d）这些措施是取缔违法贩运麻醉药品或精神调理物质所必要的。
2. The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State to take any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.	2．上述规定不影响沿海国为在驶离内水后通过领海的外国船舶上进行逮捕或调查的目的而采取其法律所授权的任何步骤的权利。
3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2, the coastal State shall, if the master so requests, notify a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contact between such agent or officer and the ship's crew.	3．在第1和第2两款规定的情形下，如经船长请求，沿海国在采取任何步骤前应通知船旗国的外交代表或领事官员，并应便利外交代表或领事官员和船上乘务人员之间的接触。
In cases of emergency this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.	遇有紧急情况，发出此项通知可与采取措施同时进行。
4. In considering whether or in what manner an arrest should be made, the local authorities shall have due regard to the interests of navigation.	4．地方当局在考虑是否逮捕或如何逮捕时，应适当顾及航行的利益。
5. Except as provided in Part XII or with respect to violations of laws and regulations adopted in accordance with Part V, the coastal State may not take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered the territorial sea, if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters.	5．除第十二部分有所规定外或有违犯按照第五部分制定的法律和规章的情形，如果来自外国港口的外国船舶仅通过领海而不驶入内水，沿海国不得在通过领海的该船舶上采取任何步骤，以逮捕与该船舶驶进领海前所犯任何罪行有关的任何人或进行与该罪行有关的调查。
Article 28	第二十八条
Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships	对外国船舶的民事管辖权
1. The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.	1．沿海国不应为对通过领海的外国船舶上某人行使民事管辖权的目的而停止其航行或改变其航向。
2. The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil proceedings, save only in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the waters of the coastal State.	2．沿海国不得为任何民事诉讼的目的而对船舶从事执行或加以逮捕，但涉及该船舶本身在通过沿海国水域的航行中或为该航行的目的而承担的义务或因而负担的责任，则不在此限。
3. Paragraph 2 is without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.	3．第2款不妨害沿海国按照其法律为任何民事诉讼的目的而对在领海内停泊或驶离内水后通过领海的外国船舶从事执行或加以逮捕的权利。
SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TO WARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT SHIPS OPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES	C分节 适用于军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的规则
Article 29	第二十九条
Definition of warships	军舰的定义
For the purposes of this Convention, "warship" means a ship belonging to the armed forces of a State bearing the external marks distinguishing such ships of its nationality, under the command of an officer duly commissioned by the government of the State and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent, and manned by a crew which is under regular armed forces discipline.	为本公约的目的，“军舰”是指属于一国武装部队、具备辨别军舰国籍的外部标志、由该国政府正式委任并名列相应的现役名册或类似名册的军官指挥和配备有服从正规武装部队纪律的船员的船舶。
Article 30	第三十条
Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulations of the coastal State	军舰对沿海国法律和规章的不遵守
If any warship does not comply with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea and disregards any request for compliance therewith which is made to it, the coastal State may require it to leave the territorial sea immediately.	如果任何军舰不遵守沿海国关于通过领海的法律和规章，而且不顾沿海国向其提出遵守法律和规章的任何要求，沿海国可要求该军舰立即离开领海。
Article 31	第三十一条
Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes	船旗国对军舰或其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶所造成的损害的责任
The flag State shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage to the coastal State resulting from the non-compliance by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea or with the provisions of this Convention or other rules of international law.	对于军舰或其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶不遵守沿海国有关通过领海的法律和规章或不遵守本公约的规定或其他国际法规则，而使沿海国遭受的任何损失或损害，船旗国应负国际责任。
Article 32	第三十二条
Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes	军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的豁免权
With such exceptions as are contained in subsection A and in articles 30 and 31, nothing in this Convention affects the immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes.	A分节和第三十及第三十一条所规定的情形除外，本公约规定不影响军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的豁免权。
SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONE	第四节 毗连区
Article 33	第三十三条
Contiguous zone	毗连区
1. In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:	1．沿海国可在毗连其领海称为毗连区的区域内，行使为下列事项所必要的管制：
(a) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea;	（a）防止在其领土或领海内违犯其海关、财政、移民或卫生的法律和规章；
(b) punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea.	（b）惩治在其领土或领海内违犯上述法律和规章的行为。
2. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.	2．毗连区从测算领海宽度的基线量起，不得超过二十四海里。
PART III	第三部分
STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION	用于国际航行的海峡
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 34	第三十四条
Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation	构成用于国际航行海峡的水域的法律地位
1. The regime of passage through straits used for international navigation established in this Part shall not in other respects affect the legal status of the waters forming such straits or the exercise by the States bordering the straits of their sovereignty or jurisdiction over such waters and their air space, bed and subsoil.	1．本分部所规定的用于国际航行的海峡的通过制度，不应在其他方面影响构成这种海峡的水域的法律地位，或影响海峡沿岸国对这种水域及其上空、海床和底土行使其主权或管辖权。
2. The sovereignty or jurisdiction of the States bordering the straits is exercised subject to this Part and to other rules of international law.	2．海峡沿岸国的主权或管辖权的行使受本部分和其他国际法规则的限制。
Article 35	第三十五条
Scope of this Part	本部分的范围
Nothing in this Part affects:	本部分的任何规定不影响：
(a) any areas of internal waters within a strait, except where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such;	（a）海峡内任何内水区域，但按照第七条所规定的方法确定直线基线的效果使原来并未认为是内水的区域被包围在内成为内水的情况除外；
(b) the legal status of the waters beyond the territorial seas of States bordering straits as exclusive economic zones or high seas; or	（b）海峡沿岸国领海以外的水域作为专属经济区或公海的法律地位；或
(c) the legal regime in straits in which passage is regulated in whole or in part by long-standing international conventions in force specifically relating to such straits.	（c）某些海峡的法律制度，这种海峡的通过已全部或部分地规定在长期存在、现行有效的专门关于这种海峡的国际公约中。
Article 36	第三十六条
High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigation	穿过用于国际航行的海峡的公海航道或穿过专属经济区的航道
This Part does not apply to a strait used for international navigation if there exists through the strait a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics; in such routes, the other relevant Parts of this Convention, including the provisions regarding the freedoms of navigation and overflight, apply.	如果穿过某一用于国际航行的海峡有在航行和水文特征方面同样方便的一条穿过公海或穿过专属经济区的航道，本部分不适用于该海峡；在这种航道中，适用本公约其他有关部分其中包括关于航行和飞越自由的规定。
SECTION 2. TRANSIT PASSAGE	第二节 过境通行
Article 37	第三十七条
Scope of this section	本节的范围
This section applies to straits which are used for international navigation between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.	本节适用于在公海或专属经济区的一个部分和公海或专属经济区的另一部分之间的用于国际航行的海峡。
Article 38	第三十八条
Right of transit passage	过境通行权
1. In straits referred to in article 37, all ships and aircraft enjoy the right of transit passage, which shall not be impeded; except that, if the strait is formed by an island of a State bordering the strait and its mainland, transit passage shall not apply if there exists seaward of the island a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics.	1．在第三十七条所指的海峡中，所有船舶和飞机均享有过境通行的权利，过境通行不应受阻碍；但如果海峡是由海峡沿岸国的一个岛屿和该国大陆形成，而且该岛向海一面有在航行和水文特征方面同样方便的一条穿过公海，或穿过专属经济区的航道，过境通行就不应适用。
2. Transit passage means the exercise in accordance with this Part of the freedom of navigation and overflight solely for the purpose of continuous and expeditious transit of the strait between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.	2．过境通行是指按照本部分规定，专为在公海或专属经济区的一个部分和公海或专属经济区的另一部分之间的海峡继续不停和迅速过境的目的而行使航行和飞越自由。
However, the requirement of continuous and expeditious transit does not preclude passage through the strait for the purpose of entering, leaving or returning from a State bordering the strait, subject to the conditions of entry to that State.	但是，对继续不停和迅速过境的要求，并不排除在一个海峡沿岸国入境条件的限制下，为驶入、驶离该国或自该国返回的目的而通过海峡。
3. Any activity which is not an exercise of the right of transit passage through a strait remains subject to the other applicable provisions of this Convention.	3．任何非行使海峡过境通行权的活动，仍受本公约其他适用的规定的限制。
Article 39	第三十九条
Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage	船舶和飞机在过境通行时的义务
1. Ships and aircraft, while exercising the right of transit passage, shall:	1．船舶和飞机在行使过境通行权时应：
(a) proceed without delay through or over the strait;	（a）毫不迟延地通过或飞越海峡；
(b) refrain from any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of States bordering the strait, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;	（b）不对海峡沿岸国的主权、领土完整或政治独立进行任何武力威胁或使用武力，或以任何其他违反《联合国宪章》所体现的国际法原则的方式进行武力威胁或使用武力；
(c) refrain from any activities other than those incident to their normal modes of continuous and expeditious transit unless rendered necessary by force majeure or by distress;	（c）除因不可抗力或遇难而有必要外，不从事其继续不停和迅速过境的通常方式所附带发生的活动以外的任何活动；
(d) comply with other relevant provisions of this Part.	（d）遵守本部分的其他有关规定。
2. Ships in transit passage shall:	2．过境通行的船舶应：
(a) comply with generally accepted international regulations, procedures and practices for safety at sea, including the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea;	（a）遵守一般接受的关于海上安全的国际规章、程序和惯例，包括《国际海上避碰规则》；
(b) comply with generally accepted international regulations, procedures and practices for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships.	（b）遵守一般接受的关于防止、减少和控制来自船舶的污染的国际规章、程序和惯例。
3. Aircraft in transit passage shall:	3．过境通行的飞机应：
(a) observe the Rules of the Air established by the International Civil Aviation Organization as they apply to civil aircraft; state aircraft will normally comply with such safety measures and will at all times operate with due regard for the safety of navigation;	（a）遵守国际民用航空组织制定的适用于民用飞机的《航空规则》；国有飞机通常应遵守这种安全措施，并在操作时随时适当顾及航行安全；
(b) at all times monitor the radio frequency assigned by the competent internationally designated air traffic control authority or the appropriate international distress radio frequency.	（b）随时监听国际上指定的空中交通管制主管机构所分配的无线电频率或有关的国际呼救无线电频率。
Article 40	第四十条
Research and survey activities	研究和测量活动
During transit passage, foreign ships, including marine scientific research and hydrographic survey ships, may not carry out any research or survey activities without the prior authorization of the States bordering straits.	外国船舶，包括海洋科学研究和水文测量的船舶在内，在过境通行时，非经海峡沿岸国事前准许，不得进行任何研究或测量活动。
Article 41	第四十一条
Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits used for international navigation	用于国际航行的海峡内的海道和分道通航制
1. In conformity with this Part, States bordering straits may designate sea lanes and prescribe traffic separation schemes for navigation in straits where necessary to promote the safe passage of ships.	1．依照本部分，海峡沿岸国可于必要时为海峡航行指定海道和规定分道通航制，以促进船舶的安全通过。
2. Such States may, when circumstances require, and after giving due publicity thereto, substitute other sea lanes or traffic separation schemes for any sea lanes or traffic separation schemes previously designated or prescribed by them.	2．这种国家可于情况需要时，经妥为公布后，以其他海道或分道通航制替换任何其原先指定或规定的海道或分道通航制。
3. Such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes shall conform to generally accepted international regulations.	3．这种海道和分道通航制应符合一般接受的国际规章。
4. Before designating or substituting sea lanes or prescribing or substituting traffic separation schemes, States bordering straits shall refer proposals to the competent international organization with a view to their adoption.	4．海峡沿岸国在指定或替换海道或在规定或替换分道通航制以前，应将提议提交主管国际组织，以期得到采纳。
The organization may adopt only such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as may be agreed with the States bordering the straits, after which the States may designate, prescribe or substitute them.	该组织仅可采纳同海峡沿岸国议定的海道和分道通航制，在此以后，海峡沿岸国可对这些海道和分道通航制予以指定、规定或替换。
5. In respect of a strait where sea lanes or traffic separation schemes through the waters of two or more States bordering the strait are being proposed, the States concerned shall cooperate in formulating proposals in consultation with the competent international organization.	5．对于某一海峡，如所提议的海道或分道通航制穿过该海峡两个或两个以上沿岸国的水域，有关各国应同主管国际组织协商，合作拟订提议。
6. States bordering straits shall clearly indicate all sea lanes and traffic separation schemes designated or prescribed by them on charts to which due publicity shall be given.	6．海峡沿岸国应在海图上清楚地标出其所指定或规定的一切海道和分道通航制，并应将该海图妥为公布。
7. Ships in transit passage shall respect applicable sea lanes and traffic separation schemes established in accordance with this article.	7．过境通行的船舶应尊重按照本条制定的适用的海道和分道通航制。
Article 42	第四十二条
Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit passage	海峡沿岸国关于过境通行的法律和规章
1. Subject to the provisions of this section, States bordering straits may adopt laws and regulations relating to transit passage through straits, in respect of all or any of the following:	1．在本节规定的限制下，海峡沿岸国可对下列各项或任何一项制定关于通过海峡的过境通行的法律和规定：
(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic, as provided in article 41;	（a）第四十一条所规定的航行安全和海上交通管理；
(b) the prevention, reduction and control of pollution, by giving effect to applicable international regulations regarding the discharge of oil, oily wastes and other noxious substances in the strait;	（b）使有关在海峡内排放油类、油污废物和其他有毒物质的适用的国际规章有效，以防止、减少和控制污染；
(c) with respect to fishing vessels, the prevention of fishing, including the stowage of fishing gear;	（c）对于渔船，防止捕鱼，包括渔具的装载；
(d) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person in contravention of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of States bordering straits.	（d）违反海峡沿岸国海关、财政、移民或卫生的法律和规章，上下任何商品、货币或人员。
2. Such laws and regulations shall not discriminate in form or in fact among foreign ships or in their application have the practical effect of denying, hampering or impairing the right of transit passage as defined in this section.	2．这种法律和规章不应在形式上或事实上在外国船舶间有所歧视，或在其适用上有否定、妨碍或损害本节规定的过境通行权的实际后果。
3. States bordering straits shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.	3．海峡沿岸国应将所有这种法律和规章妥为公布。
4. Foreign ships exercising the right of transit passage shall comply with such laws and regulations.	4．行使过境通行权的外国船舶应遵守这种法律和规章。
5. The flag State of a ship or the State of registry of an aircraft entitled to sovereign immunity which acts in a manner contrary to such laws and regulations or other provisions of this Part shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage which results to States bordering straits.	5．享有主权豁免的船舶的船旗国或飞机的登记国，在该船舶或飞机不遵守这种法律和规章或本部分的其他规定时，应对海峡沿岸国遭受的任何损失和损害负国际责任。
Article 43	第四十三条
Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution	助航和安全设备及其他改进办法以及污染的防止、减少和控制
User States and States bordering a strait should by agreement cooperate:	海峡使用国和海峡沿岸国应对下列各项通过协议进行合作：
(a) in the establishment and maintenance in a strait of necessary navigational and safety aids or other improvements in aid of international navigation; and	（a）在海峡内建立并维持必要的助航和安全设备或帮助国际航行的其他改进办法；和
(b) for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships.	（b）防止、减少和控制来自船舶的污染。
Article 44	第四十四条
Duties of States bordering straits	海峡沿岸国的义务
States bordering straits shall not hamper transit passage and shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation or overflight within or over the strait of which they have knowledge.	海峡沿岸国不应妨碍过境通行，并应将其所知的海峡内或海峡上空对航行或飞越有危险的任何情况妥为公布。
There shall be no suspension of transit passage.	过境通行不应予以停止。
SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE	第三节 无害通过
Article 45	第四十五条
Innocent passage	无害通过
1. The regime of innocent passage, in accordance with Part II, section 3, shall apply in straits used for international navigation:	1．按照第二部分第三节，无害通过制度应适用于下列用于国际航行的海峡：
(a) excluded from the application of the regime of transit passage under article 38, paragraph 1; or	（a）按照第三十八条第1款不适用过境通行制度的海峡；或
(b) between a part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and the territorial sea of a foreign State.	（b）在公海或专属经济区的一个部分和外国领海之间的海峡。
2. There shall be no suspension of innocent passage through such straits.	2．在这种海峡中的无害通过不应予以停止。
PART IV	第四部分
ARCHIPELAGIC STATES	群岛国
Article 46	第四十六条
Use of terms	用语
For the purposes of this Convention:	为本公约的目的：
(a) "archipelagic State" means a State constituted wholly by one or more archipelagos and may include other islands;	（a）“群岛国”是指全部由一个或多个群岛构成的国家，并可包括其他岛屿；
(b) "archipelago" means a group of islands, including parts of islands, interconnecting waters and other natural features which are so closely interrelated that such islands, waters and other natural features form an intrinsic geographical, economic and political entity, or which historically have been regarded as such.	（b）“群岛”是指一群岛屿，包括若干岛屿的若干部分、相连的水域和其他自然地形，彼此密切相关，以致这种岛屿、水域和其他自然地形在本质上构成一个地理、经济和政治的实体，或在历史上已被视为这种实体。
Article 47	第四十七条
Archipelagic baselines	群岛基线
1. An archipelagic State may draw straight archipelagic baselines joining the outermost points of the outermost islands and drying reefs of the archipelago provided that within such baselines are included the main islands and an area in which the ratio of the area of the water to the area of the land, including atolls, is between 1 to 1 and 9 to 1.	1．群岛国可划定连接群岛最外缘各岛和各干礁的最外缘各点的直线群岛基线，但这种基线应包括主要的岛屿和一个区域，在该区域内，水域面积和包括环礁在内的陆地面积的比例应在一比一至九比一之间。
2. The length of such baselines shall not exceed 100 nautical miles, except that up to 3 per cent of the total number of baselines enclosing any archipelago may exceed that length, up to a maximum length of 125 nautical miles.	2．这种基线的长度不应超过一百海里。 但围绕任何群岛的基线总数中至多百分之三可超过该长度，最长以一百二十五海里为限。
3. The drawing of such baselines shall not depart to any appreciable extent from the general configuration of the archipelago.	3．这种基线的划定不应在任何明显的程度上偏离群岛的一般轮廓。
4. Such baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the nearest island.	4．除在低潮高地上筑有永久高于海平面的灯塔或类似设施，或者低潮高地全部或一部与最近的岛屿的距离不超过领海的宽度外，这种基线的划定不应以低潮高地为起讫点。
5. The system of such baselines shall not be applied by an archipelagic State in such a manner as to cut off from the high seas or the exclusive economic zone the territorial sea of another State.	5．群岛国不应采用一种基线制度，致使另一国的领海同公海或专属经济区隔断。
6. If a part of the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State lies between two parts of an immediately adjacent neighbouring State, existing rights and all other legitimate interests which the latter State has traditionally exercised in such waters and all rights stipulated by agreement between those States shall continue and be respected.	6．如果群岛国的群岛水域的一部分位于一个直接相邻国家的两个部分之间，该邻国传统上在该水域内行使的现有权利和一切其他合法利益以及两国间协定所规定的一切权利，均应继续，并予以尊重。
7. For the purpose of computing the ratio of water to land under paragraph l, land areas may include waters lying within the fringing reefs of islands and atolls, including that part of a steep-sided oceanic plateau which is enclosed or nearly enclosed by a chain of limestone islands and drying reefs lying on the perimeter of the plateau.	7．为计算第1款规定的水域与陆地的比例的目的，陆地面积可包括位于岛屿和环礁的岸礁以内的水域，其中包括位于陡侧海台周围的一系列灰岩岛和干礁所包围或几乎包围的海台的那一部分。
8. The baselines drawn in accordance with this article shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position.	8．按照本条划定的基线，应在足以确定这些线的位置的一种或几种比例尺的海图上标出。
Alternatively, lists of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted.	或者，可以用列出各点的地理座标并注明大地基准点的表来代替。
9. The archipelagic State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	9．群岛国应将这种海图或地理座标表妥为公布，并应将各该海图或座标表的一份副本交存于联合国秘书长。
Article 48	第四十八条
Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf	领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架宽度的测算
The breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf shall be measured from archipelagic baselines drawn in accordance with article 47.	领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架的宽度，应从按照第四十七条划定的群岛基线量起。
Article 49	第四十九条
Legal status of archipelagic waters, of the air space over archipelagic waters and of their bed and subsoil	群岛水域、群岛水域的上空、海床和底土的法律地位
1. The sovereignty of an archipelagic State extends to the waters enclosed by the archipelagic baselines drawn in accordance with article 47, described as archipelagic waters, regardless of their depth or distance from the coast.	1．群岛国的主权及于按照第四十七条划定的群岛基线所包围的水域，称为群岛水域，不论其深度或距离海岸的远近如何。
2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the archipelagic waters, as well as to their bed and subsoil, and the resources contained therein.	2．此项主权及于群岛水域的上空、海床和底土，以及其中所包含的资源。
3. This sovereignty is exercised subject to this Part.	3．此项主权的行使受本部分规定的限制
4. The regime of archipelagic sea lanes passage established in this Part shall not in other respects affect the status of the archipelagic waters, including the sea lanes, or the exercise by the archipelagic State of its sovereignty over such waters and their air space, bed and subsoil, and the resources contained therein.	4．本部分所规定的群岛海道通过制度，不应在其他方面影响包括海道在内的群岛水域的地位，或影响群岛国对这种水域及其上空、海床和底土以及其中所含资源行使其主权。
Article 50	第五十条
Delimitation of internal waters	内水界限的划定
Within its archipelagic waters, the archipelagic State may draw closing lines for the delimitation of internal waters, in accordance with articles 9, 10 and 11.	群岛国可按照第九、第十和第十一条，在其群岛水域内用封闭线划定内水的界限。
Article 51	第五十一条
Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables	现有协定、传统捕鱼权利和现有海底电缆
1. Without prejudice to article 49, an archipelagic State shall respect existing agreements with other States and shall recognize traditional fishing rights and other legitimate activities of the immediately adjacent neighbouring States in certain areas falling within archipelagic waters.	1．在不妨害第四十九条的情形下，群岛国应尊重与其他国家间的现有协定，并应承认直接相邻国家在群岛水域范围内的某些区域内的传统捕鱼权利和其他合法活动。
The terms and conditions for the exercise of such rights and activities, including the nature, the extent and the areas to which they apply, shall, at the request of any of the States concerned, be regulated by bilateral agreements between them.	行使这种权利和进行这种活动的条款和条件，包括这种权利和活动的性质、范围和适用的区域，经任何有关国家要求，应由有关国家之间的双边协定予以规定。
Such rights shall not be transferred to or shared with third States or their nationals.	这种权利不应转让给第三国或其国民，或与第三国或其国民分享。
2. An archipelagic State shall respect existing submarine cables laid by other States and passing through its waters without making a landfall.	2．群岛国应尊重其他国家所铺设的通过其水域而不靠岸的现有海底电缆。
An archipelagic State shall permit the maintenance and replacement of such cables upon receiving due notice of their location and the intention to repair or replace them.	群岛国于接到关于这种电缆的位置和修理或更换这种电缆的意图的适当通知后，应准许对其进行维修和更换。
Article 52	第五十二条
Right of innocent passage	无害通过权
1. Subject to article 53 and without prejudice to article 50, ships of all States enjoy the right of innocent passage through archipelagic waters, in accordance with Part II, section 3.	1．在第五十三条的限制下并在不妨害第五十条的情形下，按照第二部分第三节的规定，所有国家的船舶均享有通过群岛水域的无害通过权。
2. The archipelagic State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its archipelagic waters the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security.	2．如为保护国家安全所必要，群岛国可在对外国船舶之间在形式上或事实上不加歧视的条件下，暂时停止外国船舶在其群岛水域特定区域内的无害通过。
Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.	这种停止仅应在正式公布后发生效力。
Article 53	第五十三条
Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage	群岛海道通过权
1. An archipelagic State may designate sea lanes and air routes thereabove, suitable for the continuous and expeditious passage of foreign ships and aircraft through or over its archipelagic waters and the adjacent territorial sea.	1．群岛国可指定适当的海道和其上的空中航道，以便外国船舶和飞机继续不停和迅速通过或飞越其群岛水域和邻接的领海。
2. All ships and aircraft enjoy the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage in such sea lanes and air routes.	2．所有船舶和飞机均享有在这种海道和空中航道内的群岛海道通过权。
3. Archipelagic sea lanes passage means the exercise in accordance with this Convention of the rights of navigation and overflight in the normal mode solely for the purpose of continuous, expeditious and unobstructed transit between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.	3．群岛海道通过是指按照本公约规定，专为在公海或专属经济区的一部分和公海或专属经济区的另一部分之间继续不停、迅速和无障碍地过境的目的，行使正常方式的航行和飞越的权利。
4. Such sea lanes and air routes shall traverse the archipelagic waters and the adjacent territorial sea and shall include all normal passage routes used as routes for international navigation or overflight through or over archipelagic waters and, within such routes, so far as ships are concerned, all normal navigational channels, provided that duplication of routes of similar convenience between the same entry and exit points shall not be necessary.	4．这种海道和空中航道应穿过群岛水域和邻接的领海，并应包括用作通过群岛水域或其上空的国际航行或飞越的航道的所有正常通道，并且在这种航道内，就船舶而言，包括所有正常航行水道，但无须在相同的进出点之间另设同样方便的其他航道。
5. Such sea lanes and air routes shall be defined by a series of continuous axis lines from the entry points of passage routes to the exit points. Ships and aircraft in archipelagic sea lanes passage shall not deviate more than 25 nautical miles to either side of such axis lines during passage, provided that such ships and aircraft shall not navigate closer to the coasts than 10 per cent of the distance between the nearest points on islands bordering the sea lane.	5．这种海道和空中航道应以通道进出点之间的一系列连续不断的中心线划定，通过群岛海道和空中航道的船舶和飞机在通过时不应偏离这种中心线二十五海里以外，但这种船舶和飞机在航行时与海岸的距离不应小于海道边缘各岛最近各点之间的距离的百分之十。
6. An archipelagic State which designates sea lanes under this article may also prescribe traffic separation schemes for the safe passage of ships through narrow channels in such sea lanes.	6．群岛国根据本条指定海道时，为了使船舶安全通过这种海道内的狭窄水道，也可规定分道通航制。
7. An archipelagic State may, when circumstances require, after giving due publicity thereto, substitute other sea lanes or traffic separation schemes for any sea lanes or traffic separation schemes previously designated or prescribed by it.	7．群岛国可于情况需要时，经妥为公布后，以其他的海道或分道通航制替换任何其原先指定或规定的海道或分道通航制。
8. Such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes shall conform to generally accepted international regulations.	8．这种海道或分道通航制应符合一般接受的国际规章。
9. In designating or substituting sea lanes or prescribing or substituting traffic separation schemes, an archipelagic State shall refer proposals to the competent international organization with a view to their adoption.	9．群岛国在指定或替换海道或在规定或替换分道通航制时，应向主管国际组织提出建议，以期得到采纳。
The organization may adopt only such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as may be agreed with the archipelagic State, after which the archipelagic State may designate, prescribe or substitute them.	该组织仅可采纳同群岛国议定的海道和分道通航制；在此以后，群岛国可对这些海道和分道通航制予以指定、规定或替换。
10. The archipelagic State shall clearly indicate the axis of the sea lanes and the traffic separation schemes designated or prescribed by it on charts to which due publicity shall be given.	10．群岛国应在海图上清楚地标出其指定或规定的海道中心线和分道通航制，并应将该海图妥为公布。
11. Ships in archipelagic sea lanes passage shall respect applicable sea lanes and traffic separation schemes established in accordance with this article.	11．通过群岛海道的船舶应尊重按照本条制定的适用的海道和分道通航制。
12. If an archipelagic State does not designate sea lanes or air routes, the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage may be exercised through the routes normally used for international navigation.	12．如果群岛国没有指定海道或空中航道，可通过正常用于国际航行的航道，行使群岛海道通过权。
Article 54	第五十四条
Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of the archipelagic State relating to archipelagic sea lanes passage	船舶和飞机在通过时的义务，研究和测量活动，群岛国的义务以及群岛国关于群岛海道通过的法律和规章
Articles 39, 40, 42 and 44 apply mutatis mutandis to archipelagic sea lanes passage.	第三十九、第四十、第四十二和第四十四各条比照适用于群岛海道通过。
PART V	第五部分
EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE	专属经济区
Article 55	第五十五条
Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone	专属经济区的特定法律制度
The exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the specific legal regime established in this Part, under which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention.	专属经济区是领海以外并邻接领海的一个区域，受本部分规定的特定法律制度的限制，在这个制度下，沿海国的权利和管辖权以及其他国家的权利和自由均受本公约有关规定的支配。
Article 56	第五十六条
Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone	沿海国在专属经济区内的权利、管辖权和义务
1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has:	1．沿海国在专属经济区内有：
(a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds;	（a）以勘探和开发、养护和管理海床上覆水域和海床及其底土的自然资源（不论为生物或非生物资源）为目的的主权权利，以及关于在该区内从事经济性开发和勘探，如利用海水、海流和风力生产能等其他活动的主权权利；
(b) jurisdiction as provided for in the relevant provisions of this Convention with regard to:	（b）本公约有关条款规定的对下列事项的管辖权：
(i) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures;	(1) 人工岛屿、设施和结构的建造和使用；
(ii) marine scientific research;	(2) 海洋科学研究；
(iii) theprotectionandpreservationofthemarine environment;	(3) 海洋环境的保护和保全；
(c) other rights and duties provided for in this Convention.	（c）本公约规定的其他权利和义务。
2. In exercising its rights and performing its duties under this Convention in the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have due regard to the rights and duties of other States and shall act in a manner compatible with the provisions of this Convention.	2．沿海国在专属经济区内根据本公约行使其权利和履行其义务时，应适当顾及其他国家的权利和义务，并应以符合本公约规定的方式行事。
3. The rights set out in this article with respect to the seabed and subsoil shall be exercised in accordance with Part VI.	3．本条所载的关于海床和底土的权利，应按照第六部分的规定行使。
Article 57	第五十七条
Breadth of the exclusive economic zone	专属经济区的宽度
The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.	专属经济区从测算领海宽度的基线量起，不应超过二百海里。
Article 58	第五十八条
Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone	其他国家在专属经济区内的权利和义务
1. In the exclusive economic zone, all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy, subject to the relevant provisions of this Convention, the freedoms referred to in article 87 of navigation and overflight and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines, and compatible with the other provisions of this Convention.	1．在专属经济区内，所有国家，不论为沿海国或内陆国，在本公约有关规定的限制下，享有第八十七条所指的航行和飞越的自由，铺设海底电缆和管道的自由，以及与这些自由有关的海洋其他国际合法用途，诸如同船舶和飞机的操作及海底电缆和管道的使用有关的并符合本公约其他规定的那些用途。
2. Articles 88 to 115 and other pertinent rules of international law apply to the exclusive economic zone in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part.	2．第八十八至第一一五条以及其他国际法有关规则，只要与本部分不相抵触，均适用于专属经济区。
3. In exercising their rights and performing their duties under this Convention in the exclusive economic zone, States shall have due regard to the rights and duties of the coastal State and shall comply with the laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part.	3．各国在专属经济区内根据本公约行使其权利和履行其义务时，应适当顾及沿海国的权利和义务，并应遵守沿海国按照本公约的规定和其他国际法规则所制定的与本部分不相抵触的法律和规章。
Article 59	第五十九条
Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone	解决关于专属经济区内权利和管辖权的归属的冲突的基础
In cases where this Convention does not attribute rights or jurisdiction to the coastal State or to other States within the exclusive economic zone, and a conflict arises between the interests of the coastal State and any other State or States, the conflict should be resolved on the basis of equity and in the light of all the relevant circumstances, taking into account the respective importance of the interests involved to the parties as well as to the international community as a whole.	在本公约未将在专属经济区内的权利或管辖权归属于沿海国或其他国家而沿海国和任何其他一国或数国之间的利益发生冲突的情形下，这种冲突应在公平的基础上参照一切有关情况，考虑到所涉利益分别对有关各方和整个国际社会的重要性，加以解决。
Article 60	第六十条
Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone	专属经济区内的人工岛屿、设施和结构
1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have the exclusive right to construct and to authorize and regulate the construction, operation and use of:	1．沿海国在专属经济区内应有专属权利建造并授权和管理建造、操作和使用：
(a) artificial islands;	（a）人工岛屿；
(b) installations and structures for the purposes provided for in article 56 and other economic purposes;	（b）为第五十六条所规定的目的和其他经济目的的设施和结构；
(c) installations and structures which may interfere with the exercise of the rights of the coastal State in the zone.	（c）可能干扰沿海国在区内行使权利的设施和结构。
2. The coastal State shall have exclusive jurisdiction over such artificial islands, installations and structures, including jurisdiction with regard to customs, fiscal, health, safety and immigration laws and regulations.	2．沿海国对这种人工岛屿、设施和结构应有专属管辖权，包括有关海关、财政、卫生、安全和移民的法律和规章方面的管辖权。
3. Due notice must be given of the construction of such artificial islands, installations or structures, and permanent means for giving warning of their presence must be maintained.	3．这种人工岛屿、设施或结构的建造，必须妥为通知，并对其存在必须维持永久性的警告方法。
Any installations or structures which are abandoned or disused shall be removed to ensure safety of navigation, taking into account any generally accepted international standards established in this regard by the competent international organization.	已被放弃或不再使用的任何设施或结构，应予以撤除，以确保航行安全，同时考虑到主管国际组织在这方面制订的任何为一般所接受的国际标准。
Such removal shall also have due regard to fishing, the protection of the marine environment and the rights and duties of other States.	这种撤除也应适当地考虑到捕鱼、海洋环境的保护和其他国家的权利和义务。
Appropriate publicity shall be given to the depth, position and dimensions of any installations or structures not entirely removed.	尚未全部撤除的任何设施或结构的深度、位置和大小应妥为公布。
4. The coastal State may, where necessary, establish reasonable safety zones around such artificial islands, installations and structures in which it may take appropriate measures to ensure the safety both of navigation and of the artificial islands, installations and structures.	4．沿海国可于必要时在这种人工岛屿、设施和结构的周围设置合理的安全地带，并可在该地带中采取适当措施以确保航行以及人工岛屿、设施和结构的安全。
5. The breadth of the safety zones shall be determined by the coastal State, taking into account applicable international standards.	5．安全地带的宽度应由沿海国参照可适用的国际标准加以确定。
Such zones shall be designed to ensure that they are reasonably related to the nature and function of the artificial islands, installations or structures, and shall not exceed a distance of 500 metres around them, measured from each point of their outer edge, except as authorized by generally accepted international standards or as recommended by the competent international organization.	这种地带的设置应确保其与人工岛屿、设施或结构的性质和功能有合理的关联；这种地带从人工岛屿、设施或结构的外缘各点量起，不应超过这些人工岛屿、设施或结构周围五百公尺的距离，但为一般接受的国际标准所许可或主管国际组织所建议者除外。
Due notice shall be given of the extent of safety zones.	安全地带的范围应妥为通知。
6. All ships must respect these safety zones and shall comply with generally accepted international standards regarding navigation in the vicinity of artificial islands, installations, structures and safety zones.	6．一切船舶都必须尊重这些安全地带，并应遵守关于在人工岛屿、设施、结构和安全地带附近航行的一般接受的国际标准。
7. Artificial islands, installations and structures and the safety zones around them may not be established where interference may be caused to the use of recognized sea lanes essential to international navigation.	7．人工岛屿、设施和结构及其周围的安全地带，不得设在对使用国际航行必经的公认海道可能有干扰的地方。
8. Artificial islands, installations and structures do not possess the status of islands.	8．人工岛屿、设施和结构不具有岛屿地位。
They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.	它们没有自己的领海，其存在也不影响领海、专属经济区或大陆架界限的划定。
Article 61	第六十一条
Conservation of the living resources	生物资源的养护
1. The coastal State shall determine the allowable catch of the living resources in its exclusive economic zone.	1．沿海国应决定其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量。
2. The coastal State, taking into account the best scientific evidence available to it, shall ensure through proper conservation and management measures that the maintenance of the living resources in the exclusive economic zone is not endangered by over-exploitation.	2．沿海国参照其可得到的最可靠的科学证据，应通过正当的养护和管理措施，确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不受过度开发的危害。
As appropriate, the coastal State and competent international organizations, whether subregional, regional or global, shall cooperate to this end.	在适当情形下，沿海国和各主管国际组织，不论是分区域、区域或全球性的，应为此目的的进行合作。
3. Such measures shall also be designed to maintain or restore populations of harvested species at levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield, as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors, including the economic needs of coastal fishing communities and the special requirements of developing States, and taking into account fishing patterns, the interdependence of stocks and any generally recommended international minimum standards, whether subregional, regional or global.	3．这种措施的目的也应在包括沿海渔民社区的经济需要和发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关的环境和经济因素的限制下，使捕捞鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平，并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准，不论是分区域、区域或全球性的。
4. In taking such measures the coastal State shall take into consideration the effects on species associated with or dependent upon harvested species with a view to maintaining or restoring populations of such associated or dependent species above levels at which their reproduction may become seriously threatened.	4．沿海国在采取这种措施时，应考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响，以便使这些有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
5. Available scientific information, catch and fishing effort statistics, and other data relevant to the conservation of fish stocks shall be contributed and exchanged on a regular basis through competent international organizations, whether subregional, regional or global, where appropriate and with participation by all States concerned, including States whose nationals are allowed to fish in the exclusive economic zone.	5．在适当情形下，应通过各主管国际组织，不论是分区域、区域或全球性的，并在所有有关国家，包括其国民获准在专属经济区捕鱼的国家参加下，经常提供和交换可获得的科学情报、渔获量和渔捞努力量统计，以及其他有关养护鱼的种群的资料。
Article 62	第六十二条
Utilization of the living resources	生物资源的利用
1. The coastal State shall promote the objective of optimum utilization of the living resources in the exclusive economic zone without prejudice to article 61.	1．沿海国应在不妨害第六十一条的情形下促进专属经济区内生物资源最适度利用的目的。
2. The coastal State shall determine its capacity to harvest the living resources of the exclusive economic zone.	2．沿海国应决定其捕捞专属经济区内生物资源的能力。
Where the coastal State does not have the capacity to harvest the entire allowable catch, it shall, through agreements or other arrangements and pursuant to the terms, conditions, laws and regulations referred to in paragraph 4, give other States access to the surplus of the allowable catch, having particular regard to the provisions of articles 69 and 70, especially in relation to the developing States mentioned therein.	沿海国在没有能力捕捞全部可捕量的情形下，应通过协定或其他安排，并根据第4款所指的条款、条件、法律和规章，准许其他国家捕捞可捕量的剩余部分，特别顾及第六十九和第七十条的规定，尤其是关于其中所提到的发展中国家的部分。
3. In giving access to other States to its exclusive economic zone under this article, the coastal State shall take into account all relevant factors, including, inter alia, the significance of the living resources of the area to the economy of the coastal State concerned and its other national interests, the provisions of articles 69 and 70, the requirements of developing States in the subregion or region in harvesting part of the surplus and the need to minimize economic dislocation in States whose nationals have habitually fished in the zone or which have made substantial efforts in research and identification of stocks.	3．沿海国在根据本条准许其他国家进入其专属经济区时，应考虑到所有有关因素，除其他外，包括：该区域的生物资源对有关沿海国的经济和其他国家利益的重要性，第六十九和第七十条的规定，该分区域或区域内的发展中国家捕捞一部分剩余量的要求，以及尽量减轻其国民惯常在专属经济区捕鱼或曾对研究和测定种群做过大量工作的国家经济失调现象的需要。
4. Nationals of other States fishing in the exclusive economic zone shall comply with the conservation measures and with the other terms and conditions established in the laws and regulations of the coastal State.	4．在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。
These laws and regulations shall be consistent with this Convention and may relate, inter alia, to the following:	这种规章应符合本公约，除其他外，并可涉及下列各项：
(a) licensing of fishermen, fishing vessels and equipment, including payment of fees and other forms of remuneration, which, in the case of developing coastal States, may consist of adequate compensation in the field of financing, equipment and technology relating to the fishing industry;	（a）发给渔民、渔船和捕捞装备以执照，包括交纳规费和其他形式的报酬，而就发展中的沿海国而言，这种报酬可包括有关渔业的资金、装备和技术方面的适当补偿；
(b) determining the species which may be caught, and fixing quotas of catch, whether in relation to particular stocks or groups of stocks or catch per vessel over a period of time or to the catch by nationals of any State during a specified period;	（b）决定可捕鱼种，和确定渔获量的限额，不论是关于特定种群或多种种群或一定期间的单船渔获量，或关于特定期间内任何国家国民的渔获量；
(c) regulating seasons and areas of fishing, the types, sizes and amount of gear, and the types, sizes and number of fishing vessels that may be used;	（c）规定渔汛和渔区，可使用渔具的种类、大小和数量以及渔船的种类、大小和数目；
(d) fixing the age and size of fish and other species that may be caught;	（d）确定可捕鱼类和其他鱼种的年龄和大小；
(e) specifying information required of fishing vessels, including catch and effort statistics and vessel position reports;	（e）规定渔船应交的情报，包括渔获量和渔捞努力量统计和船只位置的报告；
(f) requiring, under the authorization and control of the coastal State, the conduct of specified fisheries research programmes and regulating the conduct of such research, including the sampling of catches, disposition of samples and reporting of associated scientific data;	（f）要求在沿海国授权和控制下进行特定渔业研究计划，并管理这种研究的进行，其中包括渔获物抽样、样品处理和相关科学资料的报告；
(g) the placing of observers or trainees on board such vessels by the coastal State;	（g）由沿海国在这种船只上配置观察员或受训人员；
(h) the landing of all or any part of the catch by such vessels in the ports of the coastal State;	（h）这种船只在沿海国港口卸下渔获量的全部或任何部分；
(i) terms and conditions relating to joint ventures or other cooperative arrangements;	（i）有关联合企业或其他合作安排的条款和条件；
(j) requirements for the training of personnel and the transfer of fisheries technology, including enhancement of the coastal State's capability of undertaking fisheries research;	（j）对人员训练和渔业技术转让的要求，包括提高沿海国从事渔业研究的能力；
(k) enforcement procedures.	（k）执行程序。
5. Coastal States shall give due notice of conservation and management laws and regulations.	5．沿海国应将养护和管理的法律和规章妥为通知。
Article 63	第六十三条
Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to it	出现在两个或两个以上沿海国专属经济区的种群或出现在专属经济区内而又出现在专属经济区外的邻接区域内的种群
1. Where the same stock or stocks of associated species occur within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States, these States shall seek, either directly or through appropriate subregional or regional organizations, to agree upon the measures necessary to coordinate and ensure the conservation and development of such stocks without prejudice to the other provisions of this Part.	1．如果同一种群或有关联的鱼种的几个种群出现在两个或两个以上沿海国的专属经济区内，这些国家应直接或通过适当的分区域或区域组织，设法就必要措施达成协议，以便在不妨害本部分其他规定的情形下，协调并确保这些种群的养护和发展。
2. Where the same stock or stocks of associated species occur both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to the zone, the coastal State and the States fishing for such stocks in the adjacent area shall seek, either directly or through appropriate subregional or regional organizations, to agree upon the measures necessary for the conservation of these stocks in the adjacent area.	2．如果同一种群或有关联的鱼种的几个种群出现在专属经济区内而又出现在专属经济区外的邻接区域内，沿海国和在邻接区域内捕捞这种种群的国家，应直接或通过适当的分区域或区域组织，设法就必要措施达成协议，以养护在邻接区域内的这些种群。
Article 64	第六十四条
Highly migratory species	高度回游鱼种
1. The coastal State and other States whose nationals fish in the region for the highly migratory species listed in Annex I shall cooperate directly or through appropriate international organizations with a view to ensuring conservation and promoting the objective of optimum utilization of such species throughout the region, both within and beyond the exclusive economic zone.	1．沿海国和其国民在区域内捕捞附件一所列的高度回游鱼种的其他国家应直接或通过适当国际组织进行合作，以期确保在专属经济区以内和以外的整个区域内的这种鱼种的养护和促进最适度利用这种鱼种的目标。
In regions for which no appropriate international organization exists, the coastal State and other States whose nationals harvest these species in the region shall cooperate to establish such an organization and participate in its work.	在没有适当的国际组织存在的区域内，沿海国和其国民在区域内捕捞这些鱼种的其他国家，应合作设立这种组织并参加其工作。
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 apply in addition to the other provisions of this Part.	2．第1款的规定作为本部分其他规定的补充而适用。
Article 65	第六十五条
Marine mammals	海洋哺乳动物
Nothing in this Part restricts the right of a coastal State or the competence of an international organization, as appropriate, to prohibit, limit or regulate the exploitation of marine mammals more strictly than provided for in this Part.	本部分的任何规定并不限制沿海国的权利或国际组织的职权，对捕捉海洋哺乳动物执行较本部分规定更为严格的禁止、限制或管制。
States shall cooperate with a view to the conservation of marine mammals and in the case of cetaceans shall in particular work through the appropriate international organizations for their conservation, management and study.	各国应进行合作，以期养护海洋哺乳动物，在有关鲸类动物方面，尤应通过适当的国际组织，致力于这种动物的养护、管理和研究。
Article 66	第六十六条
Anadromous stocks	溯河产卵种群
1. States in whose rivers anadromous stocks originate shall have the primary interest in and responsibility for such stocks.	1．有溯河产卵种群源自其河流的国家对于这种种群应有主要利益和责任。
2. The State of origin of anadromous stocks shall ensure their conservation by the establishment of appropriate regulatory measures for fishing in all waters landward of the outer limits of its exclusive economic zone and for fishing provided for in paragraph 3(b)	2．溯河产卵种群的鱼源国，应制订关于在其专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的一切水域中的捕捞和关于第3款（b）项中所规定的捕捞的适当管理措施，以确保这种种群的养护。
The State of origin may, after consultations with the other States referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 fishing these stocks, establish total allowable catches for stocks originating in its rivers.	鱼源国可与第3和第4款所指的捕捞这些种群的其他国家协商后，确定源自其河流的种群的总可捕量。
3. (a) Fisheries for anadromous stocks shall be conducted only in waters landward of the outer limits of exclusive economic zones, except in cases where this provision would result in economic dislocation for a State other than the State of origin.	3．（a）捕捞溯河产卵种群的渔业活动，应只在专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的水域中进行，但这项规定引起鱼源国以外的国家经济失调的情形除外。
With respect to such fishing beyond the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone, States concerned shall maintain consultations with a view to achieving agreement on terms and conditions of such fishing giving due regard to the conservation requirements and the needs of the State of origin in respect of these stocks.	关于在专属经济区外部界限以外进行的这种捕捞，有关国家应保持协商，以期就这种捕捞的条款和条件达成协议，并适当顾及鱼源国对这些种群加以养护的要求和需要；
(b) The State of origin shall cooperate in minimizing economic dislocation in such other States fishing these stocks, taking into account the normal catch and the mode of operations of such States, and all the areas in which such fishing has occurred.	（b）鱼源国考虑到捕捞这些种群的其他国家的正常渔获量和作业方式，以及进行这种捕捞活动的所有地区，应进行合作以尽量减轻这种国家的经济失调；
(c) States referred to in subparagraph (b) , participating by agreement with the State of origin in measures to renew anadromous stocks, particularly by expenditures for that purpose, shall be given special consideration by the State of origin in the harvesting of stocks originating in its rivers.	（c）（b）项所指的国家，经与鱼源国协议后参加使溯河产卵种群再生的措施者，特别是分担作此用途的开支者，在捕捞源自鱼源国河流的种群方面，应得到鱼源国的特别考虑；
(d) Enforcement of regulations regarding anadromous stocks beyond the exclusive economic zone shall be by agreement between the State of origin and the other States concerned.	（d）鱼源国和其他有关国家应达成协议，以执行有关专属经济区以外的溯河产卵种群的法律和规章。
4. In cases where anadromous stocks migrate into or through the waters landward of the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of a State other than the State of origin, such State shall cooperate with the State of origin with regard to the conservation and management of such stocks.	4．在溯河产卵种群回游进入或通过鱼源国以外国家的专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的水域的情形下，该国应在养护和管理这种种群方面同鱼源国进行合作。
5. The State of origin of anadromous stocks and other States fishing these stocks shall make arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of this article, where appropriate, through regional organizations.	5．溯河产卵种群的鱼源国和捕捞这些种群的其他国家，为了执行本条的各项规定，应作出安排，在适当情形下通过区域性组织作出安排。
Article 67	第六十七条
Catadromous species	降河产卵鱼种
1. A coastal State in whose waters catadromous species spend the greater part of their life cycle shall have responsibility for the management of these species and shall ensure the ingress and egress of migrating fish.	1．降河产卵鱼种在其水域内度过大部分生命周期的沿海国，应有责任管理这些鱼种，并应确保回游鱼类的出入。
2. Harvesting of catadromous species shall be conducted only in waters landward of the outer limits of exclusive economic zones.	2．捕捞降河产卵鱼种，应只在专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的水域中进行。
When conducted in exclusive economic zones, harvesting shall be subject to this article and the other provisions of this Convention concerning fishing in these zones.	在专属经济区内进行捕捞时，应受本条及本公约关于在专属经济区内的捕鱼的其他规定的限制。
3. In cases where catadromous fish migrate through the exclusive economic zone of another State, whether as juvenile or maturing fish, the management, including harvesting, of such fish shall be regulated by agreement between the State mentioned in paragraph 1 and the other State concerned.	3．在降河产卵鱼种不论幼鱼或成鱼回游通过另外一国的专属经济区的情形下，这种鱼的管理，包括捕捞，应由第1款所述的国家和有关的另外一国协议规定。
Such agreement shall ensure the rational management of the species and take into account the responsibilities of the State mentioned in paragraph 1 for the maintenance of these species.	这种协议应确保这些鱼种的合理管理，并考虑到第1款所述国家在维持这些鱼种方面所负的责任。
Article 68	第六十八条
Sedentary species	定居种
This Part does not apply to sedentary species as defined in article 77, paragraph 4.	本部分的规定不适用于第七十七条第4款所规定的定居种。
Article 69	第六十九条
Right of land-locked States	内陆国的权利
1. Land-locked States shall have the right to participate, on an equitable basis, in the exploitation of an appropriate part of the surplus of the living resources of the exclusive economic zones of coastal States of the same subregion or region, taking into account the relevant economic and geographical circumstances of all the States concerned and in conformity with the provisions of this article and of articles 61 and 62.	1．内陆国应有权在公平的基础上，参与开发同一分区域或区域的沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的适当剩余部分，同时考虑到所有有关国家的相关经济和地理情况，并遵守本条及第六十一和第六十二条的规定。
2. The terms and modalities of such participation shall be established by the States concerned through bilateral, subregional or regional agreements taking into account, inter alia:	2．这种参与的条款和方式应由有关国家通过双边、分区域或区域协定加以制订，除其他外，考虑到下列各项：
(a) the need to avoid effects detrimental to fishing communities or fishing industries of the coastal State;	（a）避免对沿海国的渔民社区或渔业造成不利影响的需要；
(b) the extent to which the land-locked State, in accordance with the provisions of this article, is participating or is entitled to participate under existing bilateral, subregional or regional agreements in the exploitation of living resources of the exclusive economic zones of other coastal States;	（b）内陆国按照本条规定，在现有的双边、分区域、或区域协定下参与或有权参与开发其他沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的程度；
(c) the extent to which other land-locked States and geographically disadvantaged States are participating in the exploitation of the living resources of the exclusive economic zone of the coastal State and the consequent need to avoid a particular burden for any single coastal State or a part of it;	（c）其他内陆国和地理不利国参与开发沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的程度，以及避免因此使任何一个沿海国、或其一部分地区承受特别负担的需要；
(d) the nutritional needs of the populations of the respective States.	（d）有关各国人民的营养需要。
3. When the harvesting capacity of a coastal State approaches a point which would enable it to harvest the entire allowable catch of the living resources in its exclusive economic zone, the coastal State and other States concerned shall cooperate in the establishment of equitable arrangements on a bilateral, subregional or regional basis to allow for participation of developing land-locked States of the same subregion or region in the exploitation of the living resources of the exclusive economic zones of coastal States of the subregion or region, as may be appropriate in the circumstances and on terms satisfactory to all parties.	3．当一个沿海国的捕捞能力接近能够捕捞其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量的全部时，该沿海国与其他有关国家应在双边、分区域或区域的基础上，合作制订公平安排，在适当情形下并按照有关各方都满意的条款，容许同一分区域或区域的发展中内陆国参与开发该分区域或区域的沿海国专属经济区内的生物资源。
In the implementation of this provision the factors mentioned in paragraph 2 shall also be taken into account.	在实施本规定时，还应考虑到第2款所提到的因素。
4. Developed land-locked States shall, under the provisions of this article, be entitled to participate in the exploitation of living resources only in the exclusive economic zones of developed coastal States of the same subregion or region having regard to the extent to which the coastal State, in giving access to other States to the living resources of its exclusive economic zone, has taken into account the need to minimize detrimental effects on fishing communities and economic dislocation in States whose nationals have habitually fished in the zone.	4．根据本条规定，发达的内陆国家应仅有权参与开发同一分区域或区域内发达沿海国专属经济区的生物资源，同时顾及沿海国在准许其他国家捕捞其专属经济区内生物资源时，在多大程度上已考虑到需要尽量减轻其国民惯常在该经济区捕鱼的国家的经济失调及渔民社区所受的不利影响。
5. The above provisions are without prejudice to arrangements agreed upon in subregions or regions where the coastal States may grant to land-locked States of the same subregion or region equal or preferential rights for the exploitation of the living resources in the exclusive economic zones.	5．上述各项规定不妨害在分区域或区域内议定的安排，沿海国在这种安排中可能给予同一分区域或区域的内陆国开发其专属经济区内生物资源的同等或优惠权利。
Article 70	第七十条
Right of geographically disadvantaged States	地理不利国的权利
1. Geographically disadvantaged States shall have the right to participate, on an equitable basis, in the exploitation of an appropriate part of the surplus of the living resources of the exclusive economic zones of coastal States of the same subregion or region, taking into account the relevant economic and geographical circumstances of all the States concerned and in conformity with the provisions of this article and of articles 61 and 62.	1．地理不利国应有权在公平的基础上参与开发同一分区域或区域的沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的适当剩余部分，同时考虑到所有有关国家的相关经济和地理情况，并遵守本条及第六十一和第六十二条的规定。
2. For the purposes of this Part, "geographically disadvantaged States" means coastal States, including States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas, whose geographical situation makes them dependent upon the exploitation of the living resources of the exclusive economic zones of other States in the subregion or region for adequate supplies of fish for the nutritional purposes of their populations or parts thereof, and coastal States which can claim no exclusive economic zones of their own.	2．为本部分的目的，“地理不利国”是指其地理条件使其依赖于发展同一分区域或区域的其他国家专属经济区内的生物资源，以供应足够的鱼类来满足其人民或部分人民的营养需要的沿海国，包括闭海或半闭海沿岸国在内，以及不能主张有自己的专属经济区的沿海国。
3. The terms and modalities of such participation shall be established by the States concerned through bilateral, subregional or regional agreements taking into account, inter alia:	3．这种参与的条款和方式应由有关国家通过双边、分区域或区域协定加以制订，除其他外，考虑到下列各项：
(a) the need to avoid effects detrimental to fishing communities or fishing industries of the coastal State;	（a）避免对沿海国的渔民社区或渔业造成不利影响的需要；
(b) the extent to which the geographically disadvantaged State, in accordance with the provisions of this article, is participating or is entitled to participate under existing bilateral, subregional or regional agreements in the exploitation of living resources of the exclusive economic zones of other coastal States;	（b）地理不利国按照本条规定，在现有的双边、分区域或区域协定下参与或有权参与开发其他沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的程度；
(c) the extent to which other geographically disadvantaged States and land-locked States are participating in the exploitation of the living resources of the exclusive economic zone of the coastal State and the consequent need to avoid a particular burden for any single coastal State or a part of it;	（c）其他地理不利国和内陆国参与开发沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的程度，以及避免因此使任何一个沿海国、或其一部分地区承受特别负担的需要；
(d) the nutritional needs of the populations of the respective States.	（d）有关各国人民的营养需要。
4. When the harvesting capacity of a coastal State approaches a point which would enable it to harvest the entire allowable catch of the living resources in its exclusive economic zone, the coastal State and other States concerned shall cooperate in the establishment of equitable arrangements on a bilateral, subregional or regional basis to allow for participation of developing geographically disadvantaged States of the same subregion or region in the exploitation of the living resources of the exclusive economic zones of coastal States of the subregion or region, as may be appropriate in the circumstances and on terms satisfactory to all parties. In the implementation of this provision the factors mentioned in paragraph 3 shall also be taken into account.	4．当一个沿海国的捕捞能力接近能够捕捞其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量的全部时，该沿海国与其他有关国家应在双边、分区域或区域的基础上，合作制订公平安排，在适当情形下并按照有关各方都满意的条款，容许同一分区域或区域的地理不利发展中国家参与开发该分区域或区域的沿海国专属经济区内的生物资源，在实施本规定时，还应考虑到第3款所提到的因素。
5. Developed geographically disadvantaged States shall, under the provisions of this article, be entitled to participate in the exploitation of living resources only in the exclusive economic zones of developed coastal States of the same subregion or region having regard to the extent to which the coastal State, in giving access to other States to the living resources of its exclusive economic zone, has taken into account the need to minimize detrimental effects on fishing communities and economic dislocation in States whose nationals have habitually fished in the zone.	5．根据本条规定，地理不利发达国家应只有权参与开发同一分区域或区域发达沿海国的专属经济区的生物资源，同时顾及沿海国在准许其他国家捕捞其专属经济区内生物资源时，在多大程度上已考虑到需要尽量减轻其国民惯常在该经济区捕鱼的国家的经济失调及渔民社区所受的不利影响。
6. The above provisions are without prejudice to arrangements agreed upon in subregions or regions where the coastal States may grant to geographically disadvantaged States of the same subregion or region equal or preferential rights for the exploitation of the living resources in the exclusive economic zones.	6．上述各项规定不妨害在分区域或区域内议定的安排，沿海国在这种安排中可能给予同一分区域或区域内地理不利国开发其专属经济区内生物资源的同等或优惠权利。
Article 71	第七十一条
Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70	第六十九和第七十条的不适用
The provisions of articles 69 and 70 do not apply in the case of a coastal State whose economy is overwhelmingly dependent on the exploitation of the living resources of its exclusive economic zone.	第六十九和第七十条的规定不适用于经济上极为依赖于开发其专属经济区内生物资源的沿海国的情形。
Article 72	第七十二条
Restrictions on transfer of rights	权利的转让的限制
1. Rights provided under articles 69 and 70 to exploit living resources shall not be directly or indirectly transferred to third States or their nationals by lease or licence, by establishing joint ventures or in any other manner which has the effect of such transfer unless otherwise agreed by the States concerned.	1．除有关国家另有协议外，第六十九和第七十条所规定的开发生物资源的权利，不应以租借或发给执照、或成立联合企业，或以具有这种转让效果的任何其他方式，直接或间接转让给第三国或其国民。
2. The foregoing provision does not preclude the States concerned from obtaining technical or financial assistance from third States or international organizations in order to facilitate the exercise of the rights pursuant to articles 69 and 70, provided that it does not have the effect referred to in paragraph 1.	2．上述规定不排除有关国家为了便利行使第六十九和第七十条所规定的权利，从第三国或国际组织取得技术或财政援助，但以不发生第1款所指的效果为限。
Article 73	第七十三条
Enforcement of laws and regulations of the coastal State	沿海国法律和规章的执行
1. The coastal State may, in the exercise of its sovereign rights to explore, exploit, conserve and manage the living resources in the exclusive economic zone, take such measures, including boarding, inspection, arrest and judicial proceedings, as may be necessary to ensure compliance with the laws and regulations adopted by it in conformity with this Convention.	1．沿海国行使其勘探、开发、养护和管理在专属经济区内的生物资源的主权权利时，可采取为确保其依照本公约制定的法律和规章得到遵守所必要的措施，包括登临、检查、逮捕和进行司法程序。
2. Arrested vessels and their crews shall be promptly released upon the posting of reasonable bond or other security.	2．被逮捕的船只及其船员，在提出适当的保证书或其他担保后，应迅速获得释放。
3. Coastal State penalties for violations of fisheries laws and regulations in the exclusive economic zone may not include imprisonment, in the absence of agreements to the contrary by the States concerned, or any other form of corporal punishment.	3．沿海国对于在专属经济区内违犯渔业法律和规章的处罚，如有关国家无相反的协议，不得包括监禁，或任何其他方式的体罚。
4. In cases of arrest or detention of foreign vessels the coastal State shall promptly notify the flag State, through appropriate channels, of the action taken and of any penalties subsequently imposed.	4．在逮捕或扣留外国船只的情形下，沿海国应通过适当途径将其所采取的行动及随后所施加的任何处罚迅速通知船旗国。
Article 74	第七十四条
Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts	海岸相向或相邻国家间专属经济区界限的划定
1. The delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts shall be effected by agreement on the basis of international law, as referred to in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, in order to achieve an equitable solution.	1．海岸相向或相邻的国家间专属经济区的界限，应在国际法院规约第三十八条所指国际法的基础上以协议划定，以便得到公平解决。
2. If no agreement can be reached within a reasonable period of time, the States concerned shall resort to the procedures provided for in Part XV.	2．有关国家如在合理期间内未能达成任何协议，应诉诸第十五部分所规定的程序。
3. Pending agreement as provided for in paragraph 1, the States concerned, in a spirit of understanding and cooperation, shall make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature and, during this transitional period, not to jeopardize or hamper the reaching of the final agreement.	3．在达成第1款规定的协议以前，有关各国应基于谅解和合作的精神，尽一切努力作出实际性的临时安排，并在此过渡期间内，不危害或阻碍最后协议的达成。
Such arrangements shall be without prejudice to the final delimitation.	这种安排应不妨害最后界限的划定。
4. Where there is an agreement in force between the States concerned, questions relating to the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of that agreement.	4．如果有关国家间存在现行有效的协定，关于划定专属经济区界限的问题，应按照该协定的规定加以决定。
Article 75	第七十五条
Charts and lists of geographical coordinates	海图和地理座标表
1. Subject to this Part, the outer limit lines of the exclusive economic zone and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with article 74 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position.	1．在本部分的限制下，专属经济区的外部界线和按照第七十四条划定的分界线，应在足以确定这些线的位置的一种或几种比例尺的海图上标出。
Where appropriate, lists of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted for such outer limit lines or lines of delimitation.	在适当情形下，可以用列出各点的地理座标并注明大地基准点的表来代替这种外部界线或分界线。
2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	2．沿海国应将这种海图或地理座标表妥为公布，并应将各该海图或座标表的一份副本交存于联合国秘书长。
PART VI	第六部分
CONTINENTAL SHELF	大陆架
Article 76	第七十六条
Definition of the continental shelf	大陆架的定义
1. The continental shelf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance.	1．沿海国的大陆架包括其领海以外依其陆地领土的全部自然延伸，扩展到大陆边外缘的海底区域的海床和底土，如果从测算领海宽度的基线量起到大陆边的外缘的距离不到二百海里，则扩展到二百海里的距离。
2. The continental shelf of a coastal State shall not extend beyond the limits provided for in paragraphs 4 to 6.	2．沿海国的大陆架不应扩展到第4至第6款所规定的界限以外。
3. The continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal State, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise. It does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof.	3．大陆边包括沿海国陆块没入水中的延伸部分，由陆架、陆坡和陆基的海床和底土构成，它不包括深洋洋底及其洋脊，也不包括其底土。
4. (a) For the purposes of this Convention, the coastal State shall establish the outer edge of the continental margin wherever the margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, by either:	4．（a）为本公约的目的，在大陆边从测算领海宽度的基线量起超过二百海里的任何情形下，沿海国应以下列两种方式之一，划定大陆边的外缘：
(i) a line delineated in accordance with paragraph 7 by reference to the outermost fixed points at each of which the thickness of sedimentary rocks is at least 1 per cent of the shortest distance from such point to the foot of the continental slope; or	（1）按照第7款，以最外各定点为准划定界线，每一定点上沉积岩厚度至少为从该点至大陆坡脚最短距离的百分之一；或
(ii) a line delineated in accordance with paragraph 7 by reference to fixed points not more than 60 nautical miles from the foot of the continental slope.	（2）按照第7款，以离大陆坡脚的距离不超过六十海里的各定点为准划定界线。
(b) In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the foot of the continental slope shall be determined as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base.	（b）在没有相反证明的情形下，大陆坡脚应定为大陆坡坡底坡度变动最大之点。
5. The fixed points comprising the line of the outer limits of the continental shelf on the seabed, drawn in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) (i) and (ii) , either shall not exceed 350 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured or shall not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2,500 metre isobath, which is a line connecting the depth of 2,500 metres.	5．组成按照第4款（a）项（1）和（2）目划定的大陆架在海床上的外部界线的各定点，不应超过从测算领海宽度的基线量起三百五十海里，或不应超过连接二千五百公尺深度各点的二千五百公尺等深线一百海里。
6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, on submarine ridges, the outer limit of the continental shelf shall not exceed 350 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.	6．虽有第5款的规定，在海底洋脊上的大陆架外部界限不应超过从测算领海宽度的基线量起三百五十海里。
This paragraph does not apply to submarine elevations that are natural components of the continental margin, such as its plateaux, rises, caps, banks and spurs.	本款规定不适用于作为大陆边自然构成部分的海台、海隆、海峰、暗滩和坡尖等海底高地。
7. The coastal State shall delineate the outer limits of its continental shelf, where that shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, by straight lines not exceeding 60 nautical miles in length, connecting fixed points, defined by coordinates of latitude and longitude.	7．沿海国的大陆架如从测算领海宽度的基线量起超过二百海里，应连接以经纬度座标标出的各定点划出长度各不超过六十海里的若干直线，划定其大陆架的外部界限。
8. Information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured shall be submitted by the coastal State to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf set up under Annex II on the basis of equitable geographical representation.	8．从测算领海宽度的基线量起二百海里以外大陆架界限的情报应由沿海国提交根据附件二在公平地区代表制基础上成立的大陆架界限委员会。
The Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of their continental shelf. The limits of the shelf established by a coastal State on the basis of these recommendations shall be final and binding.	委员会应就有关划定大陆架外部界限的事项向沿海国提出建议，沿海国在这些建议的基础上划定的大陆架界限应有确定性和拘束力。
9. The coastal State shall deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations charts and relevant information, including geodetic data, permanently describing the outer limits of its continental shelf.	9．沿海国应将永久标明其大陆架外部界限的海图和有关情报，包括大地基准点，交存于联合国秘书长。
The Secretary-General shall give due publicity thereto.	秘书长应将这些情报妥为公布。
10. The provisions of this article are without prejudice to the question of delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts.	10．本条的规定不妨害海岸相向或相邻国家间大陆架界限划定的问题。
Article 77	第七十七条
Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf	沿海国对大陆架的权利
1. The coastal State exercises over the continental shelf sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring it and exploiting its natural resources.	1．沿海国为勘探大陆架和开发其自然资源的目的，对大陆架行使主权权利。
2. The rights referred to in paragraph 1 are exclusive in the sense that if the coastal State does not explore the continental shelf or exploit its natural resources, no one may undertake these activities without the express consent of the coastal State.	2．第1款所指的权利是专属性的，即：如果沿海国不勘探大陆架或开发其自然资源，任何人未经沿海国明示同意，均不得从事这种活动。
3. The rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not depend on occupation, effective or notional, or on any express proclamation.	3．沿海国对大陆架的权利并不取决于有效或象征的占领或任何明文公告。
4. The natural resources referred to in this Part consist of the mineral and other non-living resources of the seabed and subsoil together with living organisms belonging to sedentary species, that is to say, organisms which, at the harvestable stage, either are immobile on or under the seabed or are unable to move except in constant physical contact with the seabed or the subsoil.	4．本部分所指的自然资源包括海床和底土的矿物和其他非生物资源，以及属于定居种的生物，即在可捕捞阶段海床上或海床下不能移动或其躯体须与海床或底土保持接触才能移动的生物。
Article 78	第七十八条
Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space and the rights and freedoms of other States	上覆水域和上空的法律地位以及其他国家的权利和自由
1. The rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters or of the air space above those waters.	1．沿海国对大陆架的权利不影响上覆水域或水域上空的法律地位。
2. The exercise of the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf must not infringe or result in any unjustifiable interference with navigation and other rights and freedoms of other States as provided for in this Convention.	2．沿海国对大陆架权利的行使，绝不得对航行和本公约规定的其他国家的其他权利和自由有所侵害，或造成不当的干扰。
Article 79	第七十九条
Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf	大陆架上的海底电缆和管道
1. All States are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf, in accordance with the provisions of this article.	1．所有国家按照本条的规定都有在大陆架上铺设海底电缆和管道的权利。
2. Subject to its right to take reasonable measures for the exploration of the continental shelf, the exploitation of its natural resources and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from pipelines, the coastal State may not impede the laying or maintenance of such cables or pipelines.	2．沿海国除为了勘探大陆架，开发自然资源和防止、减少和控制管道造成的污染有权采取合理措施外，对于铺设或维持这种海底电缆或管道不得加以阻碍。
3. The delineation of the course for the laying of such pipelines on the continental shelf is subject to the consent of the coastal State.	3．在大陆架上铺设这种管道，其路线的划定须经沿海国同意。
4. Nothing in this Part affects the right of the coastal State to establish conditions for cables or pipelines entering its territory or territorial sea, or its jurisdiction over cables and pipelines constructed or used in connection with the exploration of its continental shelf or exploitation of its resources or the operations of artificial islands, installations and structures under its jurisdiction.	4．本部分的任何规定不影响沿海国对进入其领土或领海的电缆或管道订立条件的权利，也不影响沿海国对因勘探其大陆架或开发其资源或经营在其管辖下的人工岛屿、设施和结构而建造或使用的电缆和管道的管辖权。
5. When laying submarine cables or pipelines, States shall have due regard to cables or pipelines already in position.	5．铺设海底电缆和管道时，各国应适当顾及已经铺设的电缆和管道。
In particular, possibilities of repairing existing cables or pipelines shall not be prejudiced.	特别是，修理现有电缆或管道的可能性不应受妨碍。
Article 80	第八十条
Artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf	大陆架上的人工岛屿、设施和结构
Article 60 applies mutatis mutandis to artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf.	第六十条比照适用于大陆架上的人工岛屿、设施和结构。
Article 81	第八十一条
Drilling on the continental shelf	大陆架上的钻探
The coastal State shall have the exclusive right to authorize and regulate drilling on the continental shelf for all purposes.	沿海国有授权和管理为一切目的在大陆架上进行钻探的专属权利。
Article 82	第八十二条
Payments and contributions with respect to the exploitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles	对二百海里以外的大陆架上的开发应缴的费用和实物
1. The coastal State shall make payments or contributions in kind in respect of the exploitation of the non-living resources of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.	1．沿海国对从测算领海宽度的基线量起二百海里以外的大陆架上的非生物资源的开发，应缴付费用或实物。
2. The payments and contributions shall be made annually with respect to all production at a site after the first five years of production at that site.	2．在某一矿址进行第一个五年生产以后，对该矿址的全部生产应每年缴付费用和实物。
For the sixth year, the rate of payment or contribution shall be 1 per cent of the value or volume of production at the site.	第六年缴付费用或实物的比率应为矿址产值或产量的百分之一。
The rate shall increase by 1 per cent for each subsequent year until the twelfth year and shall remain at 7 percent thereafter.Production does not include resources used in connection with exploitation.	此后该比率每年缯加百分之一，至第十二年为止，其后比率应保持为百分之七。 产品不包括供开发用途的资源。
3. A developing State which is a net importer of a mineral resource produced from its continental shelf is exempt from making such payments or contributions in respect of that mineral resource.	3．某一发展中国家如果是其大陆架上所生产的某种矿物资源的纯输入者，对该种矿物资源免缴这种费用或实物。
4. The payments or contributions shall be made through the Authority, which shall distribute them to States Parties to this Convention, on the basis of equitable sharing criteria, taking into account the interests and needs of developing States, particularly the least developed and the land-locked among them.	4．费用或实物应通过管理局缴纳。 管理局应根据公平分享的标准将其分配给本公约各缔约国，同时考虑到发展中国家的利益和需要，特别是其中最不发达的国家和内陆国的利益和需要。
Article 83	第八十三条
Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts	海岸相向或相邻国家间大陆架界限的划定
1. The delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts shall be effected by agreement on the basis of international law, as referred to in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, in order to achieve an equitable solution.	1．海岸相向或相邻国家间大陆架的界限，应在国际法院规约第三十八条所指国际法的基础上以协议划定，以便得到公平解决。
2. If no agreement can be reached within a reasonable period of time, the States concerned shall resort to the procedures provided for in Part XV.	2．有关国家如在合理期间内未能达成任何协议，应诉诸第十五部分所规定的程序。
3. Pending agreement as provided for in paragraph 1, the States concerned, in a spirit of understanding and cooperation, shall make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature and, during this transitional period, not to jeopardize or hamper the reaching of the final agreement.	3．在达成第1款规定的协议以前，有关各国应基于谅解和合作的精神，尽一切努力作出实际性的临时安排，并在此过渡期间内，不危害或阻碍最后协议的达成。
Such arrangements shall be without prejudice to the final delimitation.	这种安排不妨害最后界限的划定。
4. Where there is an agreement in force between the States concerned, questions relating to the delimitation of the continental shelf shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of that agreement.	4．如果有关国家间存在现行有效的协定，关于划定大陆架界线的问题，应按照该协定的规定加以决定。
Article 84	第八十四条
Charts and lists of geographical coordinates	海图和地理座标表
1. Subject to this Part, the outer limit lines of the continental shelf and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with article 83 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position.	1．在本部分的限制下，大陆架外部界线和按照第八十三条划定的分界线，应在足以确定这些线的位置的一种或几种比例尺的海图上标出。
Where appropriate, lists of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted for such outer limit lines or lines of delimitation.	在适当情形下，可以用列出各点的地理座标并注明大地基准点的表来代替这种外部界线或分界线。
2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, in the case of those showing the outer limit lines of the continental shelf, with the Secretary-General of the Authority.	2．沿海国应将这种海图或地理座标表妥为公布，并应将各该海图或座标表的一份副本交存于联合国秘书长，如为标明大陆架外部界线的海图或座标，也交存于管理局秘书长。
Article 85	第八十五条
Tunnelling	开凿隧道
This Part does not prejudice the right of the coastal State to exploit the subsoil by means of tunnelling, irrespective of the depth of water above the subsoil.	本部分不妨害沿海国开凿隧道以开发底土的权利，不论底土上水域的深度如何。
PART VII	第七部分
HIGH SEAS	公海
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 86	第八十六条
Application of the provisions of this Part	本部分规定的适用
The provisions of this Part apply to all parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State.	本部分的规定适用于不包括在国家的专属经济区、领海或内水或群岛国的群岛水域内的全部海域。
This article does not entail any abridgement of the freedoms enjoyed by all States in the exclusive economic zone in accordance with article 58.	本条规定并不使各国按照第五十八条规定在专属经济区内所享有的自由受到任何减损。
Article 87	第八十七条
Freedom of the high seas	公海自由
1. The high seas are open to all States, whether coastal or land-locked.	1．公海对所有国家开放，不论其为沿海国或内陆国。
Freedom of the high seas is exercised under the conditions laid down by this Convention and by other rules of international law.	公海自由是在本公约和其他国际法规则所规定的条件下行使的。
It comprises, inter alia, both for coastal and land-locked States:	公海自由对沿海国和内陆国而言，除其他外，包括：
(a) freedom of navigation;	（a）航行自由；
(b) freedom of overflight;	（b）飞越自由；
(c) freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines, subject to Part VI;	（c）铺设海底电缆和管道的自由，但受第六部分的限制；
(d) freedom to construct artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law, subject to Part VI;	（d）建造国际法所容许的人工岛屿和其他设施的自由，但受第六部分的限制；
(e) freedom of fishing, subject to the conditions laid down in section 2;	（e）捕鱼自由，但受第二节规定条件的限制；
(f) freedom of scientific research, subject to Parts VI and XIII.	（f）科学研究的自由，但受第六和第十三部分的限制。
2. These freedoms shall be exercised by all States with due regard for the interests of other States in their exercise of the freedom of the high seas, and also with due regard for the rights under this Convention with respect to activities in the Area.	2．这些自由应由所有国家行使，但须适当顾及其他国家行使公海自由的利益，并适当顾及本公约所规定的同“区域”内活动有关的权利。
Article 88	第八十八条
Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes	公海只用于和平目的
The high seas shall be reserved for peaceful purposes.	公海应只用于和平目的。
Article 89	第八十九条
Invalidity of claims of sovereignty over the high seas	对公海主权主张的无效
No State may validly purport to subject any part of the high seas to its sovereignty.	任何国家不得有效地声称将公海的任何部分置于其主权之下。
Article 90	第九十条
Right of navigation	航行权
Every State, whether coastal or land-locked, has the right to sail ships flying its flag on the high seas.	每个国家，不论是沿海国或内陆国，均有权在公海上行驶悬挂其旗帜的船舶。
Article 91	第九十一条
Nationality of ships	船舶的国籍
1. Every State shall fix the conditions for the grant of its nationality to ships, for the registration of ships in its territory, and for the right to fly its flag.	1．每个国家应确定对船舶给予国籍。 船舶在其领土内登记及船舶悬挂该国旗帜的权利的条件。
Ships have the nationality of the State whose flag they are entitled to fly.	船舶具有其有权悬挂的旗帜所属国家的国籍。
There must exist a genuine link between the State and the ship.	国家和船舶之间必须有真正联系。
2. Every State shall issue to ships to which it has granted the right to fly its flag documents to that effect.	2．每个国家应向其给予悬挂该国旗帜权利的船舶颁发给予该权利的文件。
Article 92	第九十二条
Status of ships	船舶的地位
1. Ships shall sail under the flag of one State only and, save in exceptional cases expressly provided for in international treaties or in this Convention, shall be subject to its exclusive jurisdiction on the high seas.	1．船舶航行应仅悬挂一国的旗帜，而且除国际条约或本公约明文规定的例外情形外，在公海上应受该国的专属管辖。
A ship may not change its flag during a voyage or while in a port of call, save in the case of a real transfer of ownership or change of registry.	除所有权确实转移或变更登记的情形外，船舶在航程中或在停泊港内不得更换其旗帜。
2. A ship which sails under the flags of two or more States, using them according to convenience, may not claim any of the nationalities in question with respect to any other State, and may be assimilated to a ship without nationality.	2．悬挂两国或两国以上旗帜航行并视方便而换用旗帜的船舶，对任何其他国家不得主张其中的任一国籍，并可视同无国籍的船舶。
Article 93	第九十三条
Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency	悬挂联合国、其专门机构和国际原子能机构旗帜的船舶
The preceding articles do not prejudice the question of ships employed on the official service of the United Nations, its specialized agencies or the International Atomic Energy Agency, flying the flag of the organization.	以上各条不影响用于为联合国、其专门机构或国际原子能机构正式服务并悬挂联合国旗帜的船舶的问题。
Article 94	第九十四条
Duties of the flag State	船旗国的义务
1. Every State shall effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control in administrative, technical and social matters over ships flying its flag.	1．每个国家应对悬挂该国旗帜的船舶有效地行使行政、技术及社会事项上的管辖和控制。
2. In particular every State shall:	2．每个国家特别应：
(a) maintain a register of ships containing the names and particulars of ships flying its flag, except those which are excluded from generally accepted international regulations on account of their small size; and	（a）保持一本船舶登记册，载列悬挂该国旗帜的船舶的名称和详细情况，但因体积过小而不在一般接受的国际规章规定范围内的船舶除外；
(b) assume jurisdiction under its internal law over each ship flying its flag and its master, officers and crew in respect of administrative, technical and social matters concerning the ship.	（b）根据其国内法，就有关每艘悬挂该国旗帜的船舶的行政、技术和社会事项，对该船及其船长、高级船员和船员行使管辖权。
3. Every State shall take such measures for ships flying its flag as are necessary to ensure safety at sea with regard, inter alia, to:	3．每个国家对悬挂该国旗帜的船舶，除其他外，应就下列各项采取为保证海上安全所必要的措施：
(a) the construction, equipment and seaworthiness of ships;	（a）船舶的构造、装备和适航条件；
(b) the manning of ships, labour conditions and the training of crews, taking into account the applicable international instruments;	（b）船舶的人员配备、船员的劳动条件和训练，同时考虑到适用的国际文件；
(c) the use of signals, the maintenance of communications and the prevention of collisions.	（c）信号的使用、通信的维持和碰撞的防止。
4. Such measures shall include those necessary to ensure:	4．这种措施应包括为确保下列事项所必要的措施：
(a) that each ship, before registration and thereafter at appropriate intervals, is surveyed by a qualified surveyor of ships, and has on board such charts, nautical publications and navigational equipment and instruments as are appropriate for the safe navigation of the ship;	（a）每艘船舶，在登记前及其后适当的间隔期间，受合格的船舶检验人的检查，并在船上备有船舶安全航行所需要的海图、航海出版物以及航行装备和仪器；
(b) that each ship is in the charge of a master and officers who possess appropriate qualifications, in particular in seamanship, navigation, communications and marine engineering, and that the crew is appropriate in qualification and numbers for the type, size, machinery and equipment of the ship;	（b）每艘船舶都由具备适当资格、特别是具备航海术、航行、通信和海洋工程方面资格的船长和高级船员负责，而且船员的资格和人数与船舶种类、大小、机械和装备都是相称的；
(c) that the master, officers and, to the extent appropriate, the crew are fully conversant with and required to observe the applicable international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea, the prevention of collisions, the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution, and the maintenance of communications by radio.	（c）船长、高级船员和在适当范围内的船员，充分熟悉并须遵守关于海上生命安全，防止碰撞，防止、减少和控制海洋污染和维持无线电通信所适用的国际规章。
5. In taking the measures called for in paragraphs 3 and 4 each State is required to conform to generally accepted international regulations, procedures and practices and to take any steps which may be necessary to secure their observance.	5．每一国家采取第3和第4款要求的措施时，须遵守一般接受的国际规章、程序和惯例，并采取为保证这些规章、程序和惯例得到遵行所必要的任何步骤。
6. A State which has clear grounds to believe that proper jurisdiction and control with respect to a ship have not been exercised may report the facts to the flag State.	6．一个国家如有明确理由相信对某一船舶未行使适当的管辖和管制，可将这项事实通知船旗国。
Upon receiving such a report, the flag State shall investigate the matter and, if appropriate, take any action necessary to remedy the situation.	船旗国接到通知后，应对这一事项进行调查，并于适当时采取任何必要行动，以补救这种情况。
7. Each State shall cause an inquiry to be held by or before a suitably qualified person or persons into every marine casualty or incident of navigation on the high seas involving a ship flying its flag and causing loss of life or serious injury to nationals of another State or serious damage to ships or installations of another State or to the marine environment.	7．每一国家对于涉及悬挂该国旗帜的船舶在公海上因海难或航行事故对另一国国民造成死亡或严重伤害，或对另一国的船舶或设施、或海洋环境造成严重损害的每一事件，都应由适当的合格人士一人或数人或在有这种人士在场的情况下进行调查。
The flag State and the other State shall cooperate in the conduct of any inquiry held by that other State into any such marine casualty or incident of navigation.	对于该另一国就任何这种海难或航行事故进行的任何调查，船旗国应与该另一国合作。
Article 95	第九十五条
Immunity of warships on the high seas	公海上军舰的豁免权
Warships on the high seas have complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State.	军舰在公海上有不受船旗国以外任何其他国家管辖的完全豁免权。
Article 96	第九十六条
Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service	专用于政府非商业性服务的船舶的豁免权
Ships owned or operated by a State and used only on government non-commercial service shall, on the high seas, have complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State.	由一国所有或经营并专用于政府非商业性服务的船舶，在公海上应有不受船旗国以外任何其他国家管辖的完全豁免权。
Article 97	第九十七条
Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation	关于碰撞事项或任何其他航行事故的刑事管辖权
1. In the event of a collision or any other incident of navigation concerning a ship on the high seas, involving the penal or disciplinary responsibility of the master or of any other person in the service of the ship, no penal or disciplinary proceedings may be instituted against such person except before the judicial or administrative authorities either of the flag State or of the State of which such person is a national.	1．遇有船舶在公海上碰撞或任何其他航行事故涉及船长或任何其他为船舶服务的人员的刑事或纪律责任时，对此种人员的任何刑事诉讼或纪律程序，仅可向船旗国或此种人员所属国的司法或行政当局提出。
2. In disciplinary matters, the State which has issued a master's certificate or a certificate of competence or licence shall alone be competent, after due legal process, to pronounce the withdrawal of such certificates, even if the holder is not a national of the State which issued them.	2．在纪律事项上，只有发给船长证书或驾驶资格证书或执照的国家，才有权在经过适当的法律程序后宣告撤销该证书，即使证书持有人不是发给证书的国家的国民也不例外。
3. No arrest or detention of the ship, even as a measure of investigation, shall be ordered by any authorities other than those of the flag State.	3．船旗国当局以外的任何当局，即使作为一种调查措施，也不应命令逮捕或扣留船舶。
Article 98	第九十八条
Duty to render assistance	救助的义务
1. Every State shall require the master of a ship flying its flag, in so far as he can do so without serious danger to the ship, the crew or the passengers:	1．每个国家应责成悬挂该国旗帜航行的船舶的船长，在不严重危及其船舶、船员或乘客的情况下：
(a) to render assistance to any person found at sea in danger of being lost;	（a）救助在海上遇到的任何有生命危险的人；
(b) to proceed with all possible speed to the rescue of persons in distress, if informed of their need of assistance, in so far as such action may reasonably be expected of him;	（b）如果得悉有遇难者需要救助的情形，在可以合理地期待其采取救助行动时，尽速前往拯救；
(c) after a collision, to render assistance to the other ship, its crew and its passengers and, where possible, to inform the other ship of the name of his own ship, its port of registry and the nearest port at which it will call.	（c）在碰撞后，对另一船舶、其船员和乘客给予救助，并在可能情况下，将自己船舶的名称、船籍港和将停泊的最近港口通知另一船舶。
2. Every coastal State shall promote the establishment, operation and maintenance of an adequate and effective search and rescue service regarding safety on and over the sea and, where circumstances so require, by way of mutual regional arrangements cooperate with neighbouring States for this purpose.	2．每个沿海国应促进有关海上和上空安全的足敷应用和有效的搜寻和救助服务的建立、经营和维持，并应在情况需要时为此目的通过相互的区域性安排与邻国合作。
Article 99	第九十九条
Prohibition of the transport of slaves	贩运奴隶的禁止
Every State shall take effective measures to prevent and punish the transport of slaves in ships authorized to fly its flag and to prevent the unlawful use of its flag for that purpose.	每个国家应采取有效措施，防止和惩罚准予悬挂该国旗帜的船舶贩运奴隶，并防止为此目的而非法使用其旗帜。
Any slave taking refuge on board any ship, whatever its flag, shall ipso facto be free.	在任何船舶上避难的任何奴隶、不论该船悬挂何国旗帜，均当然获得自由。
Article 100	第一〇〇条
Duty to cooperate in the repression of piracy	合作制止海盗行为的义务
All States shall cooperate to the fullest possible extent in the repression of piracy on the high seas or in any other place outside the jurisdiction of any State.	所有国家应尽最大可能进行合作，以制止在公海上或在任何国家管辖范围以外的任何其他地方的海盗行为。
Article 101	第一〇一条
Definition of piracy	海盗行为的定义
Piracy consists of any of the following acts:	下列行为中的任何行为构成海盗行为：
(a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:	（a）私人船舶或私人飞机的船员、机组成员或乘客为私人目的，对下列对象所从事的任何非法的暴力或扣留行为，或任何掠夺行为：
(i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft;	（1）在公海上对另一船舶或飞机，或对另一船舶或飞机上的人或财物；
(ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;	（2）在任何国家管辖范围以外的地方对船舶、飞机、人或财物；
(b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;	（b）明知船舶或飞机成为海盗船舶或飞机的事实，而自愿参加其活动的任何行为；
(c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b)	（c）教唆或故意便利（a）或（b）项所述行为的任何行为。
Article 102	第一〇二条
Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied	军舰、政府船舶或政府飞机由于其船员或机组成员发生叛变而从事的海盗行为
The acts of piracy, as defined in article 101, committed by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied and taken control of the ship or aircraft are assimilated to acts committed by a private ship or aircraft.	军舰、政府船舶或政府飞机由于其船员或机组成员发生叛变并控制该船舶或飞机而从事第一〇一条所规定的海盗行为，视同私人船舶或飞机所从事的行为。
Article 103	第一〇三条
Definition of a pirate ship or aircraft	海盗船舶或飞机的定义
A ship or aircraft is considered a pirate ship or aircraft if it is intended by the persons in dominant control to be used for the purpose of committing one of the acts referred to in article 101.	如果处于主要控制地位的人员意图利用船舶或飞机从事第一〇一条所指的各项行为之一，该船舶或飞机视为海盗船舶或飞机。
The same applies if the ship or aircraft has been used to commit any such act, so long as it remains under the control of the persons guilty of that act.	如果该船舶或飞机曾被用以从事任何这种行为，在该船舶或飞机仍在犯有该行为的人员的控制之下时，上述规定同样适用。
Article 104	第一〇四条
Retention or loss of the nationality of a pirate ship or aircraft	海盗船舶或飞机国籍的保留或丧失
A ship or aircraft may retain its nationality although it has become a pirate ship or aircraft.	船舶或飞机虽已成为海盗船舶或飞机，仍可保有其国籍。
The retention or loss of nationality is determined by the law of the State from which such nationality was derived.	国籍的保留或丧失由原来给予国籍的国家的法律予以决定。
Article 105	第一〇五条
Seizure of a pirate ship or aircraft	海盗船舶或飞机的扣押
On the high seas, or in any other place outside the jurisdiction of any State, every State may seize a pirate ship or aircraft, or a ship or aircraft taken by piracy and under the control of pirates, and arrest the persons and seize the property on board.	在公海上，或在任何国家管辖范围以外的任何其他地方，每个国家均可扣押海盗船舶或飞机或为海盗所夺取并在海盗控制下的船舶或飞机，和逮捕船上或机上人员并扣押船上或机上财物。
The courts of the State which carried out the seizure may decide upon the penalties to be imposed, and may also determine the action to be taken with regard to the ships, aircraft or property, subject to the rights of third parties acting in good faith.	扣押国的法院可判定应处的刑罚，并可决定对船舶、飞机或财产所应采取的行动，但受善意第三者的权利的限制。
Article 106	第一〇六条
Liability for seizure without adequate grounds	无足够理由扣押的赔偿责任
Where the seizure of a ship or aircraft on suspicion of piracy has been effected without adequate grounds, the State making the seizure shall be liable to the State the nationality of which is possessed by the ship or aircraft for any loss or damage caused by the seizure.	如果扣押涉有海盗行为嫌疑的船舶或飞机并无足够的理由，扣押国应向船舶或飞机所属的国家负担因扣押而造成的任何损失或损害的赔偿责任。
Article 107	第一〇七条
Ships and aircraft which are entitled to seize on account of piracy	由于发生海盗行为而有权进行扣押的船舶和飞机
A seizure on account of piracy may be carried out only by warships or military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect.	由于发生海盗行为而进行的扣押，只可由军舰，军用飞机或其他有清楚标志可以识别的为政府服务并经授权扣押的船舶或飞机实施。
Article 108	第一〇八条
Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances	麻醉药品或精神调理物质的非法贩运
1. All States shall cooperate in the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances engaged in by ships on the high seas contrary to international conventions.	1．所有国家应进行合作，以制止船舶违反国际公约在海上从事非法贩运麻醉药品和精神调理物质。
2. Any State which has reasonable grounds for believing that a ship flying its flag is engaged in illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may request the cooperation of other States to suppress such traffic.	2．任何国家如有合理根据认为一艘悬挂其旗帜的船舶从事非法贩运麻醉药品或精神调理物质，可要求其他国家合作，制止这种贩运。
Article 109	第一〇九条
Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas	从公海从事未经许可的广播
1. All States shall cooperate in the suppression of unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas.	1．所有国家应进行合作，以制止从公海从事未经许可的广播。
2. For the purposes of this Convention, "unauthorized broadcasting" means the transmission of sound radio or television broadcasts from a ship or installation on the high seas intended for reception by the general public contrary to international regulations, but excluding the transmission of distress calls.	2．为本公约的目的，“未经许可的广播”是指船舶或设施违反国际规章在公海上播送旨在使公众收听或收看的无线电传音或电视广播，但遇难呼号的播送除外。
3. Any person engaged in unauthorized broadcasting may be prosecuted before the court of:	3．对于从公海从事未经许可的广播的任何人，均可向下列国家的法院起诉：
(a) the flag State of the ship;	（a）船旗国；
(b) the State of registry of the installation;	（b）设施登记国；
(c) the State of which the person is a national;	（c）广播人所属国；
(d) any State where the transmissions can be received; or	（d）可以收到这种广播的任何国家；或
(e) any State where authorized radio communication is suffering interference.	（e）得到许可的无线电通信受到干扰的任何国家。
4. On the high seas, a State having jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 3 may, in conformity with article 110, arrest any person or ship engaged in unauthorized broadcasting and seize the broadcasting apparatus.	4．在公海上按照第3款有管辖权的国家，可依照第一一〇条逮捕从事未经许可的广播的任何人或船舶，并扣押广播器材。
Article 110	第一一〇条
Right of visit	登临权
1. Except where acts of interference derive from powers conferred by treaty, a warship which encounters on the high seas a foreign ship, other than a ship entitled to complete immunity in accordance with articles 95 and 96, is not justified in boarding it unless there is reasonable ground for suspecting that:	1．除条约授权的干涉行为外，军舰在公海上遇到按照第九十五和第九十六条享有完全豁免权的船舶以外的外国船舶，非有合理根据认为有下列嫌疑，不得登临该船：
(a) the ship is engaged in piracy;	（a）该船从事海盗行为；
(b) the ship is engaged in the slave trade;	（b）该船从事奴隶贩卖；
(c) the ship is engaged in unauthorized broadcasting and the flag State of the warship has jurisdiction under article 109;	（c）该船从事未经许可的广播而且军舰的船旗国依据第一〇九条有管辖权；
(d) the ship is without nationality; or	（d）该船没有国籍；或
(e) though flying a foreign flag or refusing to show its flag, the ship is, in reality, of the same nationality as the warship.	（e）该船虽悬挂外国旗帜或拒不展示其旗帜，而事实上却与该军舰属同一国籍。
2. In the cases provided for in paragraph 1, the warship may proceed to verify the ship's right to fly its flag.	2．在第1款规定的情形下，军舰可查核该船悬挂其旗帜的权利。
To this end, it may send a boat under the command of an officer to the suspected ship.	为此目的，军舰可派一艘由一名军官指挥的小艇到该嫌疑船舶。
If suspicion remains after the documents have been checked, it may proceed to a further examination on board the ship, which must be carried out with all possible consideration.	如果检验船舶文件后仍有嫌疑，军舰可进一步在该船上进行检查，但检查须尽量审慎进行。
3. If the suspicions prove to be unfounded, and provided that the ship boarded has not committed any act justifying them, it shall be compensated for any loss or damage that may have been sustained.	3．如果嫌疑经证明为无根据，而且被登临的船舶并未从事嫌疑的任何行为，对该船舶可能遭受的任何损失或损害应予赔偿。
4. These provisions apply mutatis mutandis to military aircraft.	4．这些规定比照适用于军用飞机。
5. These provisions also apply to any other duly authorized ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service.	5．这些规定也适用于经正式授权并有清楚标志可以识别的为政府服务的任何其他船舶或飞机。
Article 111 Right of hot pursuit	第一一一条 紧追权
1. The hot pursuit of a foreign ship may be undertaken when the competent authorities of the coastal State have good reason to believe that the ship has violated the laws and regulations of that State.	1．沿海国主管当局有充分理由认为外国船舶违反该国法律和规章时，可对该外国船舶进行紧追。
Such pursuit must be commenced when the foreign ship or one of its boats is within the internal waters, the archipelagic waters, the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the pursuing State, and may only be continued outside the territorial sea or the contiguous zone if the pursuit has not been interrupted.	此项追逐须在外国船舶或其小艇之一在追逐国的内水、群岛水域、领域或毗连区内时开始，而且只有追逐未曾中断，才可在领海或毗连区外继续进行。
It is not necessary that, at the time when the foreign ship within the territorial sea or the contiguous zone receives the order to stop, the ship giving the order should likewise be within the territorial sea or the contiguous zone.	当外国船舶在领海或毗连区内接获停驶命令时，发出命令的船舶并无必要也在领海或毗连区内。
If the foreign ship is within a contiguous zone, as defined in article 33, the pursuit may only be undertaken if there has been a violation of the rights for the protection of which the zone was established.	如果外国船舶是在第三十三条所规定的毗连区内，追逐只有在设立该区所保护的权利遭到侵犯的情形下才可进行。
2. The right of hot pursuit shall apply mutatis mutandis to violations in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf, including safety zones around continental shelf installations, of the laws and regulations of the coastal State applicable in accordance with this Convention to the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf, including such safety zones.	2．对于在专属经济区内或在大陆架上，包括大陆架上设施周围的安全地带内，违反沿海国按照本公约适用于专属经济区或大陆架包括这种安全地带的法律和规章的行为，应比照适用紧追权。
3. The right of hot pursuit ceases as soon as the ship pursued enters the territorial sea of its own State or of a third State.	3．紧追权在被追逐的船舶进入其本国领海或第三国领海时立即终止。
4. Hot pursuit is not deemed to have begun unless the pursuing ship has satisfied itself by such practicable means as may be available that the ship pursued or one of its boats or other craft working as a team and using the ship pursued as a mother ship is within the limits of the territorial sea, or, as the case may be, within the contiguous zone or the exclusive economic zone or above the continental shelf.	4．除非追逐的船舶以可用的实际方法认定被追逐的船舶或其小艇之一或作为一队进行活动而以被追逐的船舶为母船的其他船艇是在领海范围内，或者，根据情况，在毗连区或专属经济区内或在大陆架上，紧追不得认为已经开始。
The pursuit may only be commenced after a visual or auditory signal to stop has been given at a distance which enables it to be seen or heard by the foreign ship.	追逐只有在外国船舶视听所及的距离内发出视觉或听觉的停驶信号后，才可开始。
5. The right of hot pursuit may be exercised only by warships or military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect.	5．紧追权只可由军舰、军用飞机或其他有清楚标志可以识别的为政府服务并经授权紧追的船舶或飞机行使。
6. Where hot pursuit is effected by an aircraft:	6．在飞机进行紧追时：
(a) theprovisionsofparagraphs1to4shallapply mutatis mutandis;	（a）应比照适用第1至第4款的规定；
(b) the aircraft giving the order to stop must itself actively pursue the ship until a ship or another aircraft of the coastal State, summoned by the aircraft, arrives to take over the pursuit, unless the aircraft is itself able to arrest the ship.	（b）发出停驶命令的飞机，除非其本身能逮捕该船舶，否则须其本身积极追逐船舶直至其所召唤的沿海国船舶或另一飞机前来接替追逐为止。
It does not suffice to justify an arrest outside the territorial sea that the ship was merely sighted by the aircraft as an offender or suspected offender, if it was not both ordered to stop and pursued by the aircraft itself or other aircraft or ships which continue the pursuit without interruption.	飞机仅发现船舶犯法或有犯法嫌疑，如果该飞机本身或接着无间断地进行追逐的其他飞机或船舶既未命令该船停驶也未进行追逐，则不足以构成在领海以外逮捕的理由。
7. The release of a ship arrested within the jurisdiction of a State and escorted to a port of that State for the purposes of an inquiry before the competent authorities may not be claimed solely on the ground that the ship, in the course of its voyage, was escorted across a portion of the exclusive economic zone or the high seas, if the circumstances rendered this necessary.	7．在一国管辖范围内被逮捕并被押解到该国港口以便主管当局审问的船舶，不得仅以其在航行中由于情况需要而曾被押解通过专属经济区的或公海的一部分为理由而要求释放。
8. Where a ship has been stopped or arrested outside the territorial sea in circumstances which do not justify the exercise of the right of hot pursuit, it shall be compensated for any loss or damage that may have been thereby sustained.	8．在无正当理由行使紧追权的情况下，在领海以外被命令停驶或被逮捕的船舶，对于可能因此遭受的任何损失或损害应获赔偿。
Article 112	第一一二条
Right to lay submarine cables and pipelines	铺设海底电缆和管道的权利
1. All States are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the bed of the high seas beyond the continental shelf.	1．所有国家均有权在大陆架以外的公海海底上铺设海底电缆和管道。
2. Article 79, paragraph 5, applies to such cables and pipelines.	2．第七十九条第5款适用于这种电缆和管道。
Article 113	第一一三条
Breaking or injury of a submarine cable or pipeline	海底电缆或管道的破坏或损害
Every State shall adopt the laws and regulations necessary to provide that the breaking or injury by a ship flying its flag or by a person subject to its jurisdiction of a submarine cable beneath the high seas done wilfully or through culpable negligence, in such a manner as to be liable to interrupt or obstruct telegraphic or telephonic communications, and similarly the breaking or injury of a submarine pipeline or high-voltage power cable, shall be a punishable offence.	每个国家均应制定必要的法律和规章，规定悬挂该国旗帜的船舶或受其管辖的人故意或因重大疏忽而破坏或损害公海海底电缆，致使电报或电话通信停顿或受阻的行为，以及类似的破坏或损害海底管道或高压电缆的行为，均为应予处罚的罪行。
This provision shall apply also to conduct calculated or likely to result in such breaking or injury.	此项规定也应适用于故意或可能造成这种破坏或损害的行为。
However, it shall not apply to any break or injury caused by persons who acted merely with the legitimate object of saving their lives or their ships, after having taken all necessary precautions to avoid such break or injury.	但对于仅为了保全自己的生命或船舶的正当目的而行事的人，在采取避免破坏或损害的一切必要预防措施后，仍然发生的任何破坏或损害，此项规定不应适用。
Article 114	第一一四条
Breaking or injury by owners of a submarine cable or pipeline of another submarine cable or pipeline	海底电缆或管道的所有人对另一海底电缆或管道的破坏或损害
Every State shall adopt the laws and regulations necessary to provide that, if persons subject to its jurisdiction who are the owners of a submarine cable or pipeline beneath the high seas, in laying or repairing that cable or pipeline, cause a break in or injury to another cable or pipeline, they shall bear the cost of the repairs.	每个国家应制定必要的法律和规章，规定受其管辖的公海海底电缆或管道的所有人如果在铺设或修理该项电缆或管道时使另一电缆或管道遭受破坏或损害，应负担修理的费用。
Article 115	第一一五条
Indemnity for loss incurred in avoiding injury to a submarine cable or pipeline	因避免损害海底电缆或管道而遭受的损失的赔偿
Every State shall adopt the laws and regulations necessary to ensure that the owners of ships who can prove that they have sacrificed an anchor, a net or any other fishing gear, in order to avoid injuring a submarine cable or pipeline, shall be indemnified by the owner of the cable or pipeline, provided that the owner of the ship has taken all reasonable precautionary measures beforehand.	每个国家应制定必要的法律和规章，确保船舶所有人在其能证明因避免损害海底电缆或管道而牺牲锚、网或其他渔具时，应由电缆或管道所有人予以赔偿，但须船舶所有人事先曾采取一切合理的预防措施。
SECTION 2. CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING RESOURCES OF THE HIGH SEAS	第二节 公海生物资源的养护和管理
Article 116	第一一六条
Right to fish on the high seas	公海上捕鱼的权利
All States have the right for their nationals to engage in fishing on the high seas subject to:	所有国家均有权由其国民在公海上捕鱼，但受下列限制：
(a) their treaty obligations;	（a）其条约义务；
(b) the rights and duties as well as the interests of coastal States provided for, inter alia, in article 63, paragraph 2, and articles 64 to 67; and	（b）除其他外，第六十三条第2款和第六十四至第六十七条规定的沿海国的权利、义务和利益；和
(c) the provisions of this section.	（c）本节各项规定。
Article 117	第一一七条
Duty of States to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas	各国为其国民采取养护公海生物资源措施的义务
All States have the duty to take, or to cooperate with other States in taking, such measures for their respective nationals as may be necessary for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas.	所有国家均有义务为各该国国民采取，或与其他国家合作采取养护公海生物资源的必要措施。
Article 118	第一一八条
Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of living resources	各国在养护和管理生物资源方面的合作
States shall cooperate with each other in the conservation and management of living resources in the areas of the high seas.	各国应互相合作以养护和管理公海区域内的生物资源。
States whose nationals exploit identical living resources, or different living resources in the same area, shall enter into negotiations with a view to taking the measures necessary for the conservation of the living resources concerned.	凡其国民开发相同生物资源，或在同一区域内开发不同生物资源的国家，应进行谈判，以期采取养护有关生物资源的必要措施。
They shall, as appropriate, cooperate to establish subregional or regional fisheries organizations to this end.	为此目的，这些国家应在适当情形下进行合作，以设立分区域或区域渔业组织。
Article 119	第一一九条
Conservation of the living resources of the high seas	公海生物资源的养护
1. In determining the allowable catch and establishing other conservation measures for the living resources in the high seas, States shall:	1．在对公海生物资源决定可捕量和制订其他养护措施时，各国应：
(a) take measures which are designed, on the best scientific evidence available to the States concerned, to maintain or restore populations of harvested species at levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield, as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors, including the special requirements of developing States, and taking into account fishing patterns, the interdependence of stocks and any generally recommended international minimum standards, whether subregional, regional or global;	（a）采取措施，其目的在于根据有关国家可得到的最可靠的科学证据，并在包括发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关环境和经济因素的限制下，使捕捞的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平，并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准，不论是分区域、区域或全球性的；
(b) take into consideration the effects on species associated with or dependent upon harvested species with a view to maintaining or restoring populations of such associated or dependent species above levels at which their reproduction may become seriously threatened.	（b）考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响，以便使这种有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
2. Available scientific information, catch and fishing effort statistics, and other data relevant to the conservation of fish stocks shall be contributed and exchanged on a regular basis through competent international organizations, whether subregional, regional or global, where appropriate and with participation by all States concerned.	2．在适当情形下，应通过各主管国际组织，不论是分区域、区域或全球性的，并在所有有关国家的参加下，经常提供和交换可获得的科学情报、渔获量和渔捞努力量统计，以及其他有关养护鱼的种群的资料。
3. States concerned shall ensure that conservation measures and their implementation do not discriminate in form or in fact against the fishermen of any State.	3．有关国家应确保养护措施及其实施不在形式上或事实上对任何国家的渔民有所歧视。
Article 120	第一二〇条
Marine mammals	海洋哺乳动物
Article 65 also applies to the conservation and management of marine mammals in the high seas.	第六十五条也适用于养护和管理公海的海洋哺乳动物。
PART VIII	第八部分
REGIME OF ISLANDS	岛屿制度
Article 121	第一二一条
Regime of islands	岛屿制度
1. An island is a naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide.	1．岛屿是四面环水并在高潮时高于水面的自然形成的陆地区域。
2. Except as provided for in paragraph 3, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of an island are determined in accordance with the provisions of this Convention applicable to other land territory.	2．除第3款另有规定外，岛屿的领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架应按照本公约适用于其他陆地领土的规定加以确定。
3. Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.	3．不能维持人类居住或其本身的经济生活的岩礁，不应有专属经济区或大陆架。
PART IX	第九部分
ENCLOSED OR SEMI-ENCLOSED SEAS	闭海或半闭海
Article 122	第一二二条
Definition	定义
For the purposes of this Convention, "enclosed or semi-enclosed sea" means a gulf, basin or sea surrounded by two or more States and connected to another sea or the ocean by a narrow outlet or consisting entirely or primarily of the territorial seas and exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States.	为本公约的目的，“闭海或半闭海”是指两个或两个以上国家所环绕并由一个狭窄的出口连接到另一个海或洋，或全部或主要由两个或两个以上沿海国的领海和专属经济区构成的海湾、海盆或海域。
Article 123	第一二三条
Cooperation of States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas	闭海或半闭海沿岸国的合作
States bordering an enclosed or semi-enclosed sea should cooperate with each other in the exercise of their rights and in the performance of their duties under this Convention.	闭海或半闭海沿岸国在行使和履行本公约所规定的权利和义务时，应互相合作。
To this end they shall endeavour, directly or through an appropriate regional organization:	为此目的，这些国家应尽力直接或通过适当区域组织：
(a) to coordinate the management, conservation, exploration and exploitation of the living resources of the sea;	（a）协调海洋生物资源的管理、养护、勘探和开发；
(b) to coordinate the implementation of their rights and duties with respect to the protection and preservation of the marine environment;	（b）协调行使和履行其在保护和保全海洋环境方面的权利和义务；
(c) to coordinate their scientific research policies and undertake where appropriate joint programmes of scientific research in the area;	（c）协调其科学研究政策，并在适当情形下在该地区进行联合的科学研究方案；
(d) to invite, as appropriate, other interested States or international organizations to cooperate with them in furtherance of the provisions of this article.	（d）在适当情形下，邀请其他有关国家或国际组织与其合作以推行本条的规定。
PART X	第十部分
RIGHT OF ACCESS OF LAND-LOCKED STATES TO AND FROM THE SEA AND FREEDOM OF TRANSIT	内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由
Article 124	第一二四条
Use of terms	用语
1. For the purposes of this Convention:	1．为本公约的目的：
(a) "land-locked State" means a State which has no sea-coast;	（a）“内陆国”是指没有海岸的国家；
(b) "transit State" means a State, with or without a sea-coast, situated between a land-locked State and the sea, through whose territory traffic in transit passes;	（b）“过境国”是指位于内陆国与海洋之间以及通过其领土进行过境运输的国家，不论其是否具有海岸；
(c) "traffic in transit" means transit of persons, baggage, goods and means of transport across the territory of one or more transit States, when the passage across such territory, with or without trans-shipment, warehousing, breaking bulk or change in the mode of transport, is only a portion of a complete journey which begins or terminates within the territory of the land-locked State;	（c）“过境运输”是指人员、行李、货物和运输工具通过一个或几个过境国领土的过境，而这种通过不论是否需要转运、入仓、分卸或改变运输方式，都不过是以内陆国领土为起点或终点的旅运全程的一部分；
(d) "means of transport" means:	（d）“运输工具”是指：
(i) railway rolling stock, sea, lake and river craft and road vehicles;	（1）铁路车辆、海洋、湖泊和河川船舶以及公路车辆；
(ii) where local conditions so require, porters and pack animals.	（2）在当地情况需要时，搬运工人和驮兽。
2. Land-locked States and transit States may, by agreement between them, include as means of transport pipelines and gas lines and means of transport other than those included in paragraph 1.	2．内陆国和过境国可彼此协议，将管道和煤气管和未列入第1款的运输工具列为运输工具。
Article 125	第一二五条
Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit	出入海洋的权利和过境自由
1. Land-locked States shall have the right of access to and from the sea for the purpose of exercising the rights provided for in this Convention including those relating to the freedom of the high seas and the common heritage of mankind.	1．为行使本公约所规定的各项权利，包括行使与公海自由和人类共同继承财产有关的权利的目的，内陆国应有权出入海洋。
To this end, land-locked States shall enjoy freedom of transit through the territory of transit States by all means of transport.	为此目的，内陆国应享有利用一切运输工具通过过境国领土的过境自由。
2. The terms and modalities for exercising freedom of transit shall be agreed between the land-locked States and transit States concerned through bilateral, subregional or regional agreements.	2．行使过境自由的条件和方式，应由内陆国和有关过境国通过双边、分区域或区域协定予以议定。
3. Transit States, in the exercise of their full sovereignty over their territory, shall have the right to take all measures necessary to ensure that the rights and facilities provided for in this Part for land-locked States shall in no way infringe their legitimate interests.	3．过境国在对其领土行使完全主权时，应有权采取一切必要措施，以确保本部分为内陆国所规定的各项权利和便利绝不侵害其合法利益。
Article 126	第一二六条
Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause	最惠国条款的不适用
The provisions of this Convention, as well as special agreements relating to the exercise of the right of access to and from the sea, establishing rights and facilities on account of the special geographical position of land-locked States, are excluded from the application of the most-favoured-nation clause.	本公约的规定，以及关于行使出入海洋权利的并因顾及内陆国的特殊地理位置而规定其权利和便利的特别协定，不适用最惠国条款。
Article 127	第一二七条
Customs duties, taxes and other charges	关税、税捐和其他费用
1. Traffic in transit shall not be subject to any customs duties, taxes or other charges except charges levied for specific services rendered in connection with such traffic.	1．过境运输应无须缴纳任何关税、税捐或其他费用，但为此类运输提供特定服务而征收的费用除外。
2. Means of transport in transit and other facilities provided for and used by land-locked States shall not be subject to taxes or charges higher than those levied for the use of means of transport of the transit State.	2．对于过境运输工具和其他为内陆国提供并由其使用的便利，不应征收高于使用过境国运输工具所缴纳的税捐或费用。
Article 128	第一二八条
Free zones and other customs facilities	自由区和其他海关便利
For the convenience of traffic in transit, free zones or other customs facilities may be provided at the ports of entry and exit in the transit States, by agreement between those States and the land-locked States.	为了过境运输的便利，可由过境国和内陆国协议，在过境国的出口港和入口港内提供自由区或其他海关便利。
Article 129	第一二九条
Cooperation in the construction and improvement of means of transport	合作建造和改进运输工具
Where there are no means of transport in transit States to give effect to the freedom of transit or where the existing means, including the port installations and equipment, are inadequate in any respect, the transit States and land-locked States concerned may cooperate in constructing or improving them.	如果过境国内无运输工具以实现过境自由，或现有运输工具包括海港设施和装备在任何方面有所不足，过境国可与有关内陆国进行合作，以建造或改进这些工具。
Article 130	第一三〇条
Measures to avoid or eliminate delays or other difficulties of a technical nature in traffic in transit	避免或消除过境运输发生迟延或其他技术性困难的措施
1. Transit States shall take all appropriate measures to avoid delays or other difficulties of a technical nature in traffic in transit.	1．过境国应采取一切适当措施避免过境运输发生迟延或其他技术性困难。
2. Should such delays or difficulties occur, the competent authorities of the transit States and land-locked States concerned shall cooperate towards their expeditious elimination.	2．如果发生这种迟延或困难，有关过境国和内陆国的主管当局应进行合作，迅速予以消除。
Article 131	第一三一条
Equal treatment in maritime ports	海港内的同等待遇
Ships flying the flag of land-locked States shall enjoy treatment equal to that accorded to other foreign ships in maritime ports.	悬挂内陆国旗帜的船舶在海港内应享有其他外国船舶所享有的同等待遇。
Article 132	第一三二条
Grant of greater transit facilities	更大的过境便利的给予
This Convention does not entail in any way the withdrawal of transit facilities which are greater than those provided for in this Convention and which are agreed between States Parties to this Convention or granted by a State Party.	本公约缔约国间所议定的或本公约一个缔约国给予的大于本公约所规定的过境便利，绝不因本公约而撤消。
This Convention also does not preclude such grant of greater facilities in the future.	本公约也不排除将来给予这种更大的便利。
PART XI	第十一部分
THE AREA	“区域”
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 133	第一三三条
Use of terms	用语
For the purposes of this Part:	为本部分的目的：
(a) "resources" means all solid, liquid or gaseous mineral resources in situ in the Area at or beneath the seabed, including polymetallic nodules;	（a）“资源”是指“区域”内在海床及其下原来位置的一切固体、液体或气体矿物资源，其中包括多金属结核；
(b) resources, when recovered from the Area, are referred to as "minerals".	（b）从“区域”回收的资源称为“矿物”。
Article 134	第一三四条
Scope of this Part	本部分的范围
1. This Part applies to the Area.	1．本部分适用于“区域”。
2. Activities in the Area shall be governed by the provisions of this Part.	2．“区域”内活动应受本部分规定的支配。
3. The requirements concerning deposit of, and publicity to be given to, the charts or lists of geographical coordinates showing the limits referred to in article l, paragraph l(1) , are set forth in Part VI.	3．关于将标明第一条第1款第（1）项所指范围界限的海图和地理座标表交存和予以公布的规定，载于第六部分。
4. Nothing in this article affects the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf in accordance with Part VI or the validity of agreements relating to delimitation between States with opposite or adjacent coasts.	4．本条的任何规定不影响根据第六部分大陆架外部界限的划定或关于划定海岸相向或相邻国家间界限的协定的效力。
Article 135	第一三五条
Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space	上覆水域和上空的法律地位
Neither this Part nor any rights granted or exercised pursuant thereto shall affect the legal status of the waters superjacent to the Area or that of the air space above those waters.	本部分或依其授予或行使的任何权利，不应影响“区域”上覆水域的法律地位，或这种水域上空的法律地位。
SECTION 2. PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE AREA	第二节 支配“区域”的原则
Article 136	第一三六条
Common heritage of mankind	人类的共同继承财产
The Area and its resources are the common heritage of mankind.	“区域”及其资源是人类的共同继承财产。
Article 137	第一三七条
Legal status of the Area and its resources	“区域”及其资源的法律地位
1. No State shall claim or exercise sovereignty or sovereign rights over any part of the Area or its resources, nor shall any State or natural or juridical person appropriate any part thereof.	1．任何国家不应对“区域”的任何部分或其资源主张或行使主权或主权权利，任何国家或自然人或法人，也不应将“区域”或其资源的任何部分据为己有。
No such claim or exercise of sovereignty or sovereign rights nor such appropriation shall be recognized.	任何这种主权和主权权利的主张或行使，或这种据为己有的行为，均应不予承认。
2. All rights in the resources of the Area are vested in mankind as a whole, on whose behalf the Authority shall act.	2．对“区域”内资源的一切权利属于全人类，由管理局代表全人类行使。
These resources are not subject to alienation.	这种资源不得让渡。
The minerals recovered from the Area, however, may only be alienated in accordance with this Part and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	但从“区域”内回收的矿物，只可按照本部分和管理局的规则、规章和程序予以让渡。
3. No State or natural or juridical person shall claim, acquire or exercise rights with respect to the minerals recovered from the Area except in accordance with this Part.	3．任何国家或自然人或法人，除按照本部分外，不应对“区域”矿物主张、取得或行使权利。
Otherwise, no such claim, acquisition or exercise of such rights shall be recognized.	否则，对于任何这种权利的主张、取得或行使，应不予承认。
Article 138	第一三八条
General conduct of States in relation to the Area	国家对于“区域”的一般行为
The general conduct of States in relation to the Area shall be in accordance with the provisions of this Part, the principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations and other rules of international law in the interests of maintaining peace and security and promoting international cooperation and mutual understanding.	各国对于“区域”的一般行为，应按照本部分的规定、《联合国宪章》所载原则，以及其他国际法规则，以利维持和平与安全，促进国际合作和相互了解。
Article 139	第一三九条
Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage	确保遵守本公约的义务和损害赔偿责任
1. States Parties shall have the responsibility to ensure that activities in the Area, whether carried out by States Parties, or state enterprises or natural or juridical persons which possess the nationality of States Parties or are effectively controlled by them or their nationals, shall be carried out in conformity with this Part.	1．缔约国应有责任确保“区域”内活动，不论是由缔约国、国营企业、或具有缔约国国籍的自然人或法人所从事者，一律依照本部分进行。
The same responsibility applies to international organizations for activities in the Area carried out by such organizations.	国际组织对于该组织所进行的“区域”内活动也应有同样责任。
2. Without prejudice to the rules of international law and Annex III, article 22, damage caused by the failure of a State Party or international organization to carry out its responsibilities under this Part shall entail liability; States Parties or international organizations acting together shall bear joint and several liability.	2．在不妨害国际法规则和附件三第二十二条的情形下，缔约国或国际组织应对由于其没有履行本部分规定的义务而造成的损害负有赔偿责任；共同进行活动的缔约国或国际组织应承担连带赔偿责任。
A State Party shall not however be liable for damage caused by any failure to comply with this Part by a person whom it has sponsored under article 153, paragraph 2(b) , if the State Party has taken all necessary and appropriate measures to secure effective compliance under article 153, paragraph 4, and Annex III, article 4, paragraph 4.	但如缔约国已依据第一五三条第4款和附件三第四条第4款采取一切必要和适当措施，以确保其根据第一五三条第2款（b）项担保的人切实遵守规定，则该缔约国对于因这种人没有遵守本部分规定而造成的损害，应无赔偿责任。
3. States Parties that are members of international organizations shall take appropriate measures to ensure the implementation of this article with respect to such organizations.	3．为国际组织成员的缔约国应采取适当措施确保本条对这种组织的实施。
Article 140	第一四〇条
Benefit of mankind	全人类的利益
1. Activities in the Area shall, as specifically provided for in this Part, be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States, whether coastal or land-locked, and taking into particular consideration the interests and needs of developing States and of peoples who have not attained full independence or other self-governing status recognized by the United Nations in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant General Assembly resolutions.	1．“区域”内活动应依本部分的明确规定为全人类的利益而进行，不论各国的地理位置如何，也不论是沿海国或内陆国，并特别考虑到发展中国家和尚未取得完全独立或联合国按照其大会第1514（XV）号决议和其他有关大会决议所承认的其他自治地位的人民的利益和需要。
2. The Authority shall provide for the equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits derived from activities in the Area through any appropriate mechanism, on a non-discriminatory basis, in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(f) (i)	2．管理局应按照第一六〇条第2款（f）项（l）目作出规定，通过任何适当的机构，在无歧视的基础上公平分配从“区域”内活动取得的财政及其他经济利益。
Article 141	第一四一条
Use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes	专为和平目的利用“区域”
The Area shall be open to use exclusively for peaceful purposes by all States, whether coastal or land-locked, without discrimination and without prejudice to the other provisions of this Part.	“区域”应开放给所有国家，不论是沿海国或内陆国，专为和平目的利用，不加歧视，也不得妨害本部分其他规定。
Article 142	第一四二条
Rights and legitimate interests of coastal States	沿海国的权利和合法利益
1. Activities in the Area, with respect to resource deposits in the Area which lie across limits of national jurisdiction, shall be conducted with due regard to the rights and legitimate interests of any coastal State across whose jurisdiction such deposits lie.	1．“区域”内活动涉及跨越国家管辖范围的“区域”内资源矿床时，应适当顾及这种矿床跨越其管辖范围的任何沿海国的权利和合法利益。
2. Consultations, including a system of prior notification, shall be maintained with the State concerned, with a view to avoiding infringement of such rights and interests.	2．应与有关国家保持协商，包括维持一种事前通知的办法在内，以免侵犯上述权利和利益。
In cases where activities in the Area may result in the exploitation of resources lying within national jurisdiction, the prior consent of the coastal State concerned shall be required.	如“区域”内活动可能导致对国家管辖范围内资源的开发，则需事先征得有关沿海国的同意。
3. Neither this Part nor any rights granted or exercised pursuant thereto shall affect the rights of coastal States to take such measures consistent with the relevant provisions of Part XII as may be necessary to prevent, mitigate or eliminate grave and imminent danger to their coastline, or related interests from pollution or threat thereof or from other hazardous occurrences resulting from or caused by any activities in the Area.	3．本部分或依其授予或行使的任何权利，应均不影响沿海国为防止、减轻或消除因任何“区域”内活动引起或造成的污染威胁或其他危险事故使其海岸或有关利益受到的严重迫切危险而采取与第十二部分有关规定相符合的必要措施的权利。
Article 143	第一四三条
Marine scientific research	海洋科学研究
1. Marine scientific research in the Area shall be carried out exclusively for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of mankind as a whole, in accordance with Part XIII.	1．“区域”内的海洋科学研究，应按照第十三部分专为和平目的并为谋全人类的利益进行。
2. The Authority may carry out marine scientific research concerning the Area and its resources, and may enter into contracts for that purpose.	2．管理局可进行有关“区域”及其资源的海洋科学研究，并可为此目的订立合同。
The Authority shall promote and encourage the conduct of marine scientific research in the Area, and shall coordinate and disseminate the results of such research and analysis when available.	管理局应促进和鼓励在“区域”内进行海洋科学研究，并应协调和传播所得到的这种研究和分析的结果。
3. States Parties may carry out marine scientific research in the Area.	3．各缔约国可在“区域”内进行海洋学研究。
States Parties shall promote international cooperation in marine scientific research in the Area by:	各缔约国应以下列方式促进“区域”内海洋科学研究方面的国际合作：
(a) participating in international programmes and encouraging cooperation in marine scientific research by personnel of different countries and of the Authority;	（a）参加国际方案，并鼓励不同国家的人员和管理局人员合作进行海洋科学研究；
(b) ensuring that programmes are developed through the Authority or other international organizations as appropriate for the benefit of developing States and technologically less developed States with a view to:	（b）确保在适当情形下通过管理局或其他国际组织，为了发展中国家和技术较不发达国家的利益发展各种方案，以期：
(i) strengthening their research capabilities;	（1）加强它们的研究能力；
(ii) training their personnel and the personnel of the Authority in the techniques and applications of research;	（2）在研究的技术和应用方面训练它们的人员和管理局的人员；
(iii) fostering the employment of their qualified personnel in research in the Area;	（3）促进聘用它们的合格人员，从事“区域”内的研究；
(c) effectively disseminating the results of research and analysis when available, through the Authority or other international channels when appropriate.	（c）通过管理局，或适当时通过其他国际途径，切实传播所得到的研究和分析结果。
Article 144	第一四四条
Transfer of technology	技术的转让
1. The Authority shall take measures in accordance with this Convention:	1．管理局应按照本公约采取措施，以：
(a) to acquire technology and scientific knowledge relating to activities in the Area; and	（a）取得有关“区域”内活动的技术和科学知识；并
(b) to promote and encourage the transfer to developing States of such technology and scientific knowledge so that all States Parties benefit therefrom.	（b）促进和鼓励向发展中国家转让这种技术和科学知识，使所有缔约国都从其中得到利益。
2. To this end the Authority and States Parties shall cooperate in promoting the transfer of technology and scientific knowledge relating to activities in the Area so that the Enterprise and all States Parties may benefit therefrom.	2．为此目的，管理局和各缔约国应互相合作，以促进有关“区域”内活动的技术和科学知识的转让，使企业部和所有缔约国都从其中得到利益。
In particular they shall initiate and promote:	它们应特别倡议并推动：
(a) programmes for the transfer of technology to the Enterprise and to developing States with regard to activities in the Area, including, inter alia, facilitating the access of the Enterprise and of developing States to the relevant technology, under fair and reasonable terms and conditions;	（a）将有关“区域”内活动的技术转让给企业部和发展中国家的各种方案，除其他外，包括便利企业部和发展中国家根据公平合理的条款和条件取得有关的技术；
(b) measures directed towards the advancement of the technology of the Enterprise and the domestic technology of developing States, particularly by providing opportunities to personnel from the Enterprise and from developing States for training in marine science and technology and for their full participation in activities in the Area.	（b）促进企业部技术和发展中国家本国技术的进展的各种措施，特别是使企业部和发展中国家的人员有机会接受海洋科学和技术的训练和充分参加“区域”内活动。
Article 145	第一四五条
Protection of the marine environment	海洋环境的保护
Necessary measures shall be taken in accordance with this Convention with respect to activities in the Area to ensure effective protection for the marine environment from harmful effects which may arise from such activities.	应按照本公约对“区域”内活动采取必要措施，以确保切实保护海洋环境，不受这种活动可能产生的有害影响。
To this end the Authority shall adopt appropriate rules, regulations and procedures for inter alia:	为此目的，管理局应制定适当的规则，规章和程序，以便除其他外：
(a) the prevention, reduction and control of pollution and other hazards to the marine environment, including the coastline, and of interference with the ecological balance of the marine environment, particular attention being paid to the need for protection from harmful effects of such activities as drilling, dredging, excavation, disposal of waste, construction and operation or maintenance of installations, pipelines and other devices related to such activities;	（a）防止、减少和控制对包括海岸在内的海洋环境的污染和其他危害，并防止干扰海洋环境的生态平衡，特别注意使其不受诸如钻探、挖泥、挖凿、废物处置等活动，以及建造和操作或维修与这种活动有关的设施、管道和其他装置所产生的有害影响；
(b) the protection and conservation of the natural resources of the Area and the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment.	（b）保护和养护“区域”的自然资源，并防止对海洋环境中动植物的损害。
Article 146	第一四六条
Protection of human life	人命的保护
With respect to activities in the Area, necessary measures shall be taken to ensure effective protection of human life.	关于“区域”内活动，应采取必要措施，以确保切实保护人命。
To this end the Authority shall adopt appropriate rules, regulations and procedures to supplement existing international law as embodied in relevant treaties.	为此目的，管理局应制定适当的规则、规章和程序，以补充有关条约所体现的现行国际法。
Article 147	第一四七条
Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment	“区域”内活动与海洋环境中的活动的相互适应
1. Activities in the Area shall be carried out with reasonable regard for other activities in the marine environment.	1．“区域”内活动的进行，应合理地顾及海洋环境中的其他活动。
2. Installations used for carrying out activities in the Area shall be subject to the following conditions:	2．进行“区域”内活动所使用的设施应受下列条件的限制：
(a) such installations shall be erected, emplaced and removed solely in accordance with this Part and subject to the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	（a）这种设施应仅按照本部分和在管理局的规则、规章和程序的限制下安装、安置和拆除。
Due notice must be given of the erection, emplacement and removal of such installations, and permanent means for giving warning of their presence must be maintained;	这种设施的安装、安置和拆除必须妥为通知，并对其存在必须维持永久性的警告方法；
(b) such installations may not be established where interference may be caused to the use of recognized sea lanes essential to international navigation or in areas of intense fishing activity;	（b）这种设施不得设在对使用国际航行必经的公认海道可能有干扰的地方，或设在有密集捕捞活动的区域；
(c) safety zones shall be established around such installations with appropriate markings to ensure the safety of both navigation and the installations.	（c）这种设施的周围应设立安全地带并加适当的标记，以确保航行和设施的安全。
The configuration and location of such safety zones shall not be such as to form a belt impeding the lawful access of shipping to particular maritime zones or navigation along international sea lanes;	这种安全地带的形状和位置不得构成一个地带阻碍船舶合法出入特定海洋区域或阻碍沿国际海道的航行；
(d) such installations shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes;	（d）这种设施应专用于和平目的；
(e) such installations do not possess the status of islands.	（e）这种设施不具有岛屿地位。
They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.	它们没有自己的领海，其存在也不影响领海、专属经济区或大陆架界限的划定。
3. Other activities in the marine environment shall be conducted with reasonable regard for activities in the Area.	3．在海洋环境中进行的其他活动，应合理地顾及“区域”内活动。
Article 148	第一四八条
Participation of developing States in activities in the Area	发展中国家对“区域”内活动的参加
The effective participation of developing States in activities in the Area shall be promoted as specifically provided for in this Part, having due regard to their special interests and needs, and in particular to the special need of the land-locked and geographically disadvantaged among them to overcome obstacles arising from their disadvantaged location, including remoteness from the Area and difficulty of access to and from it.	应按照本部分的具体规定促进发展中国家有效参加“区域”内活动，并适当顾及其特殊利益和需要，尤其是其中的内陆国和地理不利国在克服因不利位置，包括距离“区域”遥远和出入“区域”困难而产生的障碍方面的特殊需要。
Article 149	第一四九条
Archaeological and historical objects	考古和历史文物
All objects of an archaeological and historical nature found in the Area shall be preserved or disposed of for the benefit of mankind as a whole, particular regard being paid to the preferential rights of the State or country of origin, or the State of cultural origin, or the State of historical and archaeological origin.	在“区域”内发现的一切考古和历史文物，应为全人类的利益予以保存或处置，但应特别顾及来源国，或文化上的发源国，或历史和考古上的来源国的优先权利。
SECTION 3. DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES OF THE AREA	第三节 “区域”内资源的开发
Article 150	第一五〇条
Policies relating to activities in the Area	关于“区域”内活动的政策
Activities in the Area shall, as specifically provided for in this Part, be carried out in such a manner as to foster healthy development of the world economy and balanced growth of international trade, and to promote international cooperation for the over-all development of all countries, especially developing States, and with a view to ensuring:	“区域”内活动应按照本部分的明确规定进行，以求有助于世界经济的健全发展和国际贸易的均衡增长，并促进国际合作，以谋所有国家特别是发展中国家的全面发展，并且为了确保：
(a) the development of the resources of the Area;	（a）“区域”资源的开发；
(b) orderly, safe and rational management of the resources of the Area, including the efficient conduct of activities in the Area and, in accordance with sound principles of conservation, the avoidance of unnecessary waste;	（b）对“区域”资源进行有秩序、安全和合理的管理，包括有效地进行“区域”内活动，并按照健全的养护原则，避免不必要的浪费；
(c) the expansion of opportunities for participation in such activities consistent in particular with articles 144 and 148;	（c）扩大参加这种活动的机会，以符合特别是第一四四和第一四八条的规定；
(d) participation in revenues by the Authority and the transfer of technology to the Enterprise and developing States as provided for in this Convention;	（d）按照本公约的规定使管理局分享收益，以及对企业部和发展中国家作技术转让；
(e) increased availability of the minerals derived from the Area as needed in conjunction with minerals derived from other sources, to ensure supplies to consumers of such minerals;	（e）按照需要增加从“区域”取得的矿物的供应量，连同从其他来源取得的矿物，以保证这类矿物的消费者获得供应；
(f) the promotion of just and stable prices remunerative to producers and fair to consumers for minerals derived both from the Area and from other sources, and the promotion of long-term equilibrium between supply and demand;	（f）促进从“区域”和从其他来源取得的矿物的价格合理而又稳定，对生产者有利，对消费者也公平，并促进供求的长期平衡；
(g) the enhancement of opportunities for all States Parties, irrespective of their social and economic systems or geographical location, to participate in the development of the resources of the Area and the prevention of monopolization of activities in the Area;	（g）增进所有缔约国，不论其经济社会制度或地理位置如何，参加开发“区域”内资源的机会，并防止垄断“区域”内活动；
(h) the protection of developing countries from adverse effects on their economies or on their export earnings resulting from a reduction in the price of an affected mineral, or in the volume of exports of that mineral, to the extent that such reduction is caused by activities in the Area, as provided in article 151;	（h）按照第一五一条的规定，保护发展中国家，使它们的经济或出口收益不致因某一受影响矿物的价格或该矿物的出口量降低，而遭受不良影响，但以这种降低是由于“区域”内活动造成的为限；
(i) the development of the common heritage for the benefit of mankind as a whole; and	（i）为全人类的利益开发共同继承财产；
(j) conditions of access to markets for the imports of minerals produced from the resources of the Area and for imports of commodities produced from such minerals shall not be more favourable than the most favourable applied to imports from other sources.	（j）从“区域”取得的矿物作为输入品以及这种矿物所产商品作为输入品的进入市场的条件，不应比适用于其他来源输入品的最优惠待遇更为优惠。
Article 151	第一五一条
Production policies	生产政策
1. (a) Without prejudice to the objectives set forth in article 150 and for the purpose of implementing subparagraph (h) of that article, the Authority, acting through existing forums or such new arrangements or agreements as may be appropriate, in which all interested parties, including both producers and consumers, participate, shall take measures necessary to promote the growth, efficiency and stability of markets for those commodities produced from the minerals derived from the Area, at prices remunerative to producers and fair to consumers. All States Parties shall cooperate to this end.	1．（a）在不妨害第一五〇条所载目标的情形下，并为实施该条（h）项的目的，管理局应通过现有议事机构，或在适当时，通过包括生产者和消费者在内的有关各方都参加的新安排或协议，采取必要措施，以对生产者有利对消费者也公平的价格，促进“区域”资源所产商品的市场的增长、效率和稳定，所有缔约国都应为此目的进行合作。
(b) The Authority shall have the right to participate in any commodity conference dealing with those commodities and in which all interested parties including both producers and consumers participate.	（b）管理局应有权参加生产者和消费者在内的有关各方都参加的关于上述商品的任何商品会议。
The Authority shall have the right to become a party to any arrangement or agreement resulting from such conferences.	管理局应有权参与上述会议产生的任何安排或协议。
Participation of the Authority in any organs established under those arrangements or agreements shall be in respect of production in the Area and in accordance with the relevant rules of those organs.	管理局参加根据这种安排或协议成立的任何机关，应与“区域”内的生产有关，并符合这种机关的有关规则。
(c) The Authority shall carry out its obligations under the arrangements or agreements referred to in this paragraph in a manner which assures a uniform and non-discriminatory implementation in respect of all production in the Area of the minerals concerned.	（c）管理局应履行根据这种安排或协议所产生的义务，以求保证对“区域”内有关矿物的一切生产，均划一和无歧视地实施。
In doing so, the Authority shall act in a manner consistent with the terms of existing contracts and approved plans of work of the Enterprise.	管理局在这样作的时候，应以符合现有合同条款和已核准的企业部工作计划的方式行事。
2. (a) During the interim period specified in paragraph 3, commercial production shall not be undertaken pursuant to an approved plan of work until the operator has applied for and has been issued a production authorization by the Authority.	2．（a）在第3款指明的过渡期间内，经营者在向管理局提出申请并经发给生产许可以前，不应依据一项核准的工作计划进行商业生产。
Such production authorizations maynot be applied for or issued more than five years prior to the planned commencement of commercial production under the plan of work unless, having regard to the nature and timing of project development, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority prescribe another period.	这种生产许可不得在根据工作计划预定开始商业生产前逾五年时申请或发出，除非管理局考虑到方案进展的性质和时机在其规则和规章中为此规定了另一期间。
(b) In the application for the production authorization, the operator shall specify the annual quantity of nickel expected to be recovered under the approved plan of work.	（b）在生产许可的申请中，经营者应具体说明按照核准的工作计划预期每年回收的镍的数量。
The application shall include a schedule of expenditures to be made by the operator after he has received the authorization which are reasonably calculated to allow him to begin commercial production on the date planned.	申请中应列有经营者为使其于预定的日期如期开始商业生产而合理地算出的在收到许可以后将予支出的费用表。
(c) For the purposes of subparagraphs (a) and (b) , the Authority shall establish appropriate performance requirements in accordance with Annex III, article 17.	（c）为了（a）和（b）项的目的，管理局应按照附件三第十七条规定适当的成绩要求。
(d) The Authority shall issue a production authorization for the level of production applied for unless the sum of that level and the levels already authorized exceeds the nickel production ceiling, as calculated pursuant to paragraph 4 in the year of issuance of the authorization, during any year of planned production falling within the interim period.	（d）管理局应照申请的生产量发给生产许可。 除非在过渡期间内计划生产的任何一年中，该生产量和已核准的生产量的总和超过在发给许可的年度依照第4款算出的镍生产最高限额。
(e) When issued, the production authorization and approved application shall become a part of the approved plan of work.	（e）生产许可和核准的申请一经发给，即成为核准的工作计划的一部分。
(f) If the operator's application for a production authorization is denied pursuant to subparagraph (d) , the operator may apply again to the Authority at any time.	（f）如果经营者申请生产许可依据（d）项被拒绝，则该经营者可随时向管理局再次提出申请。
3. The interim period shall begin five years prior to 1 January of the year in which the earliest commercial production is planned to commence under an approved plan of work.	3．过渡期间应自根据核准的工作计划预定开始最早的商业生产的那一年一月一日以前的五年开始。
If the earliest commercial production is delayed beyond the year originally planned, the beginning of the interim period and the production ceiling originally calculated shall be adjusted accordingly.	如果最早进行商业生产的时间延迟到原定的年度以后，过渡期间的开始和原来计算的生产最高限额都应作相应的调整。
The interim period shall last 25 years or until the end of the Review Conference referred to in article 155 or until the day when such new arrangements or agreements as are referred to in paragraph 1 enter into force, whichever is earliest.	过渡期间应为二十五年，或至第一五五条所指的审查会议结束，或至第1款所指的新安排或协议开始生效之日为止，以最早者为准。
The Authority shall resume the power provided in this article for the remainder of the interim period if the said arrangements or agreements should lapse or become ineffective for any reason whatsoever.	如果这种安排或协议因任何理由而终止或失效，在过渡期间所余时间内，管理局应重新行使本条规定的权力。
4. (a) The production ceiling for any year of the interim period shall be the sum of:	4．（a）过渡期间内任何一年的生产最高限额应为以下的总和：
(i) the difference between the trend line values for nickel consumption, as calculated pursuant to subparagraph (b) , for the year immediately prior to the year of the earliest commercial production and the year immediately prior to the commencement of the interim period; and	（1）依据（b）项计算的镍年消费量趋势线上最早的商业生产年度以前那一年和过渡期间开始前那一年数值的差额；加上
(ii) sixty per cent of the difference between the trend line values for nickel consumption, as calculated pursuant to subparagraph (b) , for the year for which the production authorization is being applied for and the year immediately prior to the year of the earliest commercial production.	（2）依据（b）项计算的镍消费量趋势线上所申请的生产许可正适用的那一年和最早的商业生产年度以前那一年数值的差额的百分之六十。
(b) For the purposes of subparagraph (a) :	（b）为了（a）项的目的：
(i) trend line values used for computing the nickel production ceiling shall be those annual nickel consumption values on a trend line computed during the year in which a production authorization is issued.	（1）计算镍生产最高限额所用的趋势线数值，应为发给生产许可的年度中计算的趋势线上的镍年消费量数值。
The trend line shall be derived from a linear regression of the logarithms of actual nickel consumption for the most recent 15-year period for which such data are available, time being the independent variable.	趋势线应从能够取得数据的最近十五年期间的实际镍消费量，取其对数值，以时间为自变量，用线性回归法导出。
This trend line shall be referred to as the original trend line;	这一趋势线应称为原趋势线；
(ii) if the annual rate of increase of the original trend line is less than 3 per cent, then the trend line used to determine the quantities referred to in subparagraph (a) shall instead be one passing through the original trend line at the value for the first year of the relevant 15-year period, and increasing at 3 per cent annually; provided however that the production ceiling established for any year of the interim period may not in any case exceed the difference between the original trend line value for that year and the original trend line value for the year immediately prior to the commencement of the interim period.	（2）如果原趋势线年增长率少于百分之三，则用来确定（a）项所指数量的趋势线应为穿过原趋势线上该十五年期间第一年的数值而年增长率为百分之三的趋势线；但过渡期间内任何一年规定的生产最高限额无论如何不得超出该年原趋势线数值同过渡期间开始前一年的原趋势线数值之差。
5. The Authority shall reserve to the Enterprise for its initial production a quantity of 38,000 metric tonnes of nickel from the available production ceiling calculated pursuant to paragraph 4.	5．管理局应在依据第4款计算得来的生产最高限额中，保留给企业部为数38,000公吨的镍，以供其从事最初生产。
6. (a) An operator may in any year produce less than or up to 8 per cent more than the level of annual production of minerals from polymetallic nodules specified in his production authorization, provided that the over-all amount of production shall not exceed that specified in the authorization.	6．（a）经营者在任何一年内可生产少于其生产许可内所指明的从多金属结核生产的矿物的年产数量，或最多较此数量高百分之八，但其总产量应不超出许可内所指明的数量。
Any excess over 8 per cent and up to 20 per cent in any year, or any excess in the first and subsequent years following two consecutive years in which excesses occur, shall be negotiated with the Authority, which may require the operator to obtain a supplementary production authorization to cover additional production.	任何一年内在百分之八以上百分之二十以下的超产，或连续两年超产后的第一年以及随后各年的超产，应同管理局进行协商；管理局可要求经营者就增加的产量取得一项补充的生产许可。
(b) Applications for such supplementary production authorizations shall be considered by the Authority only after all pending applications by operators who have not yet received production authorizations have been acted upon and due account has been taken of other likely applicants.	（b）管理局对于这种补充生产许可的申请，只有在处理了尚未获得生产许可的经营者所已提出的一切申请，并已适当考虑到其他可能的申请者之后，才应加以审议。
The Authority shall be guided by the principle of not exceeding the total production allowed under the production ceiling in any year of the interim period.	管理局应以不超过过渡期间任何一年内生产最高限额所容许的总生产量为指导原则。
It shall not authorize the production under any plan of work of a quantity in excess of 46,500 metric tonnes of nickel per year.	它不应核准在任何工作计划下超过46,500公吨的镍年产量。
7. The levels of production of other metals such as copper, cobalt and manganese extracted from the polymetallic nodules that are recovered pursuant to a production authorization should not be higher than those which would have been produced had the operator produced the maximum level of nickel from those nodules pursuant to this article.	7．依据一项生产许可从回收的多金属结核所提炼的铜、钴和锰等其他金属的产量，不应高于经营者依据本条规定从这些结核生产最高产量的镍时所能生产的数量。
The Authority shall establish rules, regulations and procedures pursuant to Annex III, article 17, to implement this paragraph.	管理局应依据附件三第十七条制定规则、规章和程序以实施本项规定。
8. Rights and obligations relating to unfair economic practices under relevant multilateral trade agreements shall apply to the exploration for and exploitation of minerals from the Area.	8．根据有关的多边贸易协定关于不公平经济措施的权利和义务，应适用于“区域”所产矿物的勘探和开发。
In the settlement of disputes arising under this provision, States Parties which are Parties to such multilateral trade agreements shall have recourse to the dispute settlement procedures of such agreements.	在解决因本项规定而产生的争端时，作为这种多边贸易协定各方的缔约国应可利用这种协定的解决争端程序。
9. The Authority shall have the power to limit the level of production of minerals from the Area, other than minerals from polymetallic nodules, under such conditions and applying such methods as may be appropriate by adopting regulations in accordance with article 161, paragraph 8.	9．管理局应有权按照第一六一条第8款制定规章，在适当的条件下，使用适当的方法限制“区域”所产而非产目多金属结核的矿物的产量。
10. Upon the recommendation of the Council on the basis of advice from the Economic Planning Commission, the Assembly shall establish a system of compensation or take other measures of economic adjustment assistance including cooperation with specialized agencies and other international organizations to assist developing countries which suffer serious adverse effects on their export earnings or economies resulting from a reduction in the price of an affected mineral or in the volume of exports of that mineral, to the extent that such reduction is caused by activities in the Area.	10．大会应依理事会根据经济规划委员会的意见提出的建议，建立一种补偿制度，或其他经济调整援助措施，包括同各专门机构和其他国际组织进行合作，以协助其出口收益或经济因某一受影响矿物的价格或该矿物的出口量降低而遭受严重不良影响的发展中国家，但以此种降低是由于“区域”内活动造成的为限。
The Authority on request shall initiate studies on the problems of those States which are likely to be most seriously affected with a view to minimizing their difficulties and assisting them in their economic adjustment.	管理局经请求应对可能受到最严重影响的国家的问题发动研究，以期尽量减轻它们的困难，并协助它们从事经济调整。
Article 152	第一五二条
Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority	管理局权力和职务的行使
1. The Authority shall avoid discrimination in the exercise of its powers and functions, including the granting of opportunities for activities in the Area.	1．管理局在行使其权力和职务，包括给予进行“区域”内活动的机会时，应避免歧视。
2. Nevertheless, special consideration for developing States, including particular consideration for the land-locked and geographically disadvantaged among them, specifically provided for in this Part shall be permitted.	2．但本部分具体规定的为发展中国家所作的特别考虑，包括为其中的内陆国和地理不利国所作的特别考虑应予准许。
Article 153	第一五三条
System of exploration and exploitation	勘探和开发制度
1. Activities in the Area shall be organized, carried out and controlled by the Authority on behalf of mankind as a whole in accordance with this article as well as other relevant provisions of this Part and the relevant Annexes, and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	1．“区域”内活动应由管理局代表全人类，按照本条以及本部分和有关附件的其他有关规定，和管理局的规则、规章和程序，予以安排、进行和控制。
2. Activities in the Area shall be carried out as prescribed in paragraph 3:	2．“区域”内活动应依第3款的规定：
(a) by the Enterprise, and	（a）由企业部进行，和
(b) in association with the Authority by States Parties, or state enterprises or natural or juridical persons which possess the nationality of States Parties or are effectively controlled by them or their nationals, when sponsored by such States, or any group of the foregoing which meets the requirements provided in this Part and in Annex III.	（b）由缔约国或国营企业、或在缔约国担保下的具有缔约国国籍或由这类国家或其国民有效控制的自然人或法人、或符合本部分和附件三规定的条件的上述各方的任何组合，与管理局以协作方式进行。
3. Activities in the Area shall be carried out in accordance with a formal written plan of work drawn up in accordance with Annex III and approved by the Council after review by the Legal and Technical Commission.	3．“区域”内活动应按照一项依据附件三所拟订并经理事会于法律和技术委员会审议后核准的正式书面工作计划进行。
In the case of activities in the Area carried out as authorized by the Authority by the entities specified in paragraph 2(b) , the plan of work shall, in accordance with Annex III, article 3, be in the form of a contract.	在第2款（b）项所述实体按照管理局的许可进行 “区域”内活动的情形下，这种工作计划应按照附件三第三条采取合同的形式。
Such contracts may provide for joint arrangements in accordance with Annex III, article 11.	这种合同可按照附件三第十一条作出联合安排。
4. The Authority shall exercise such control over activities in the Area as is necessary for the purpose of securing compliance with the relevant provisions of this Part and the Annexes relating thereto, and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, and the plans of work approved in accordance with paragraph 3.	4．管理局为确保本部分和与其有关的附件的有关规定，和管理局的规则、规章和程序以及按照第3款核准的工作计划得到遵守的目的，应对“区域”内活动行使必要的控制。
States Parties shall assist the Authority by taking all measures necessary to ensure such compliance in accordance with article 139.	缔约国应按照第一三九条采取一切必要措施，协助管理局确保这些规定得到遵守。
5. The Authority shall have the right to take at any time any measures provided for under this Part to ensure compliance with its provisions and the exercise of the functions of control and regulation assigned to it thereunder or under any contract.	5．管理局应有权随时采取本部分所规定的任何措施，以确保本部分条款得到遵守和根据本部分或任何合同所指定给它的控制和管理职务的执行。
The Authority shall have the right to inspect all installations in the Area used in connection with activities in the Area.	管理局应有权检查与“区域”内活动有关而在“区域”内使用的一切设施。
6. A contract under paragraph 3 shall provide for security of tenure.	6．第3款所述的合同应规定期限内持续有效的保证。
Accordingly, the contract shall not be revised, suspended or terminated except in accordance with Annex III, articles 18 and 19.	因此，除非按照附件三第十八和第十九条的规定，不得修改、暂停或终止合同。
Article 154	第一五四条
Periodic review	定期审查
Every five years from the entry into force of this Convention, the Assembly shall undertake a general and systematic review of the manner in which the international regime of the Area established in this Convention has operated in practice.	从本公约生效时起，大会每五年应对本公约设立的“区域”的国际制度的实际实施情况，进行一次全面和系统的审查。
In the light of this review the Assembly may take, or recommend that other organs take, measures in accordance with the provisions and procedures of this Part and the Annexes relating thereto which will lead to the improvement of the operation of the regime.	参照上述审查，大会可按照本部分和与其有关的附件的规定和程序采取措施，或建议其他机构采取措施，以导致对制度实施情况的改进。
Article 155	第一五五条
The Review Conference	审查会议
1. Fifteen years from 1 January of the year in which the earliest commercial production commences under an approved plan of work, the Assembly shall convene a conference for the review of those provisions of this Part and the relevant Annexes which govern the system of exploration and exploitation of the resources of the Area.	1．自根据一项核准的工作计划最早的商业生产开始进行的那一年一月一日起十五年后，大会应召开一次会议，审查本部分和有关附件支配勘探和开发“区域”资源制度的各项规定。
The Review Conference shall consider in detail, in the light of the experience acquired during that period:	审查会议应参照这段时期取得的经验，详细审查：
(a) whether the provisions of this Part which govern the system of exploration and exploitation of the resources of the Area have achieved their aims in all respects, including whether they have benefited mankind as a whole;	（a）本部分和有关附件支配勘探和开发“区域”资源制度的各项规定，是否已达成其各方面的目标，包括是否已使全人类得到利益；
(b) whether, during the 15-year period, reserved areas have been exploited in an effective and balanced manner in comparison with non-reserved areas;	（b）在十五年期间，同非保留区域相比，保留区域是否已以有效而平衡的方式开发；
(c) whether the development and use of the Area and its resources have been undertaken in such a manner as to foster healthy development of the world economy and balanced growth of international trade;	（c）开发和使用“区域”及其资源的方式，是否有助于世界经济的健全发展和国际贸易均衡增长；
(d) whether monopolization of activities in the Area has been prevented;	（d）是否防止了对“区域”内活动的垄断；
(e) whether the policies set forth in articles 150 and 151 have been fulfilled; and	（e）第一五〇和第一五一条所载各项政策是否得到实行；和
(f) whether the system has resulted in the equitable sharing of benefits derived from activities in the Area, taking into particular consideration the interests and needs of the developing States.	（f）制度是否使“区域”内活动产生的利益得到公平的分享，特别考虑到发展中国家的利益和需要。
2. The Review Conference shall ensure the maintenance of the principle of the common heritage of mankind, the international regime designed to ensure equitable exploitation of the resources of the Area for the benefit of all countries, especially the developing States, and an Authority to organize, conduct and control activities in the Area.	2．审查会议应确保继续维持人类共同继承财产的原则，为确保公平开发“区域”资源使所有国家尤其是发展中国家都得到利益而制定的国际制度，以及安排、进行和控制“区域”活动的管理局。
It shall also ensure the maintenance of the principles laid down in this Part with regard to the exclusion of claims or exercise of sovereignty over any part of the Area, the rights of States and their general conduct in relation to the Area, and their participation in activities in the Area in conformity with this Convention, the prevention of monopolization of activities in the Area, the use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes, economic aspects of activities in the Area, marine scientific research, transfer of technology, protection of the marine environment, protection of human life, rights of coastal States, the legal status of the waters superjacent to the Area and that of the air space above those waters and accommodation between activities in the Area and other activities in the marine environment.	会议还应确保继续维持本部分规定的关于下列各方面的各项原则：排除对“区域”的任何部分主张或行使主权，各国的权利及其对于“区域”的一般行为，和各国依照本公约参与勘探和开发“区域”资源，防止对“区域”内活动的垄断，专为和平目的利用“区域”、“区域”内活动的经济方面，海洋科学研究，技术转让，保护海洋环境，保护人命，沿海国的权利，“区域”的上覆水域及其上空的法律地位，以及关于“区域”内活动和海洋环境中其他活动之间的相互适应。
3. The decision-making procedure applicable at the Review Conference shall be the same as that applicable at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.	3．审查会议适用的作出决定的程序应与第三次联合国海洋法会议所适用的程序相同。
The Conference shall make every effort to reach agreement on any amendments by way of consensus and there should be no voting on such matters until all efforts at achieving consensus have been exhausted.	会议应作出各种努力就任何修正案以协商一致方式达成协议，且除非已尽最大努力以求达成协商一致，不应就这种事项进行表决。
4. If, five years after its commencement, the Review Conference has not reached agreement on the system of exploration and exploitation of the resources of the Area, it may decide during the ensuing 12 months, by a three-fourths majority of the States Parties, to adopt and submit to the States Parties for ratification or accession such amendments changing or modifying the system as it determines necessary and appropriate.	4．审查会议开始举行五年后，如果未能就关于勘探和开发“区域”资源的制度达成协议，则会议可在此后的十二个月以内，以缔约国的四分之三多数作出决定，就改变或修改制度制定其认为必要和适当的修正案，提交各缔约国批准或加入。
Such amendments shall enter into force for all States Parties 12 months after the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession by three fourths of the States Parties.	此种修正案应于四分之三缔约国交存批准书或加入书后十二个月对所有缔约国生效。
5. Amendments adopted by the Review Conference pursuant to this article shall not affect rights acquired under existing contracts.	5．审查会议依据本条通过的修正案应不影响按照现有合同取得的权利。
SECTION 4. THE AUTHORITY	第四节 管理局
SUBSECTION A. GENERAL PROVISIONS	A分节 一般规定
Article 156	第一五六条
Establishment of the Authority	设立管理局
1. There is hereby established the International Seabed Authority, which shall function in accordance with this Part.	1．兹设立国际海底管理局，按照本部分执行职务。
2. All States Parties are ipso facto members of the Authority.	2．所有缔约国都是管理局的当然成员。
3. Observers at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea who have signed the Final Act and who are not referred to in article 305, paragraph 1(c) , (d) , (e) or (f) , shall have the right to participate in the Authority as observers, in accordance with its rules, regulations and procedures.	3．已签署最后文件但在第三〇五条第1款（c）、（d）、（e）或（f）项中未予提及的第三次联合国海洋法会议中的观察员，应有权按照管理局的规则、规章和程序以观察员资格参加管理局。
4. The seat of the Authority shall be in Jamaica.	4．管理局的所在地应在牙买加。
5. The Authority may establish such regional centres or offices as it deems necessary for the exercise of its functions.	5．管理局可设立其认为在执行职务上必要的区域中心或办事处。
Article 157	第一五七条
Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority	管理局的性质和基本原则
1. The Authority is the organization through which States Parties shall, in accordance with this Part, organize and control activities in the Area, particularly with a view to administering the resources of the Area.	1．管理局是缔约国按照本部分组织和控制“区域”内活动，特别是管理“区域”资源的组织。
2. The powers and functions of the Authority shall be those expressly conferred upon it by this Convention.	2．管理局应具有本公约明示授予的权力和职务。
The Authority shall have such incidental powers, consistent with this Convention, as are implicit in and necessary for the exercise of those powers and functions with respect to activities in the Area.	管理局应有为行使关于“区域”内活动的权力和职务所包含的和必要的并符合本公约的各项附带权力。
3. The Authority is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members.	3．管理局以所有成员主权平等的原则为基础。
4. All members of the Authority shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with this Part in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership.	4．管理局所有成员应诚意履行按照本部分承担的义务，以确保其全体作为成员享有的权利和利益。
Article 158	第一五八条
Organs of the Authority	管理局的机关
1. There are hereby established, as the principal organs of the Authority, an Assembly, a Council and a Secretariat.	1．兹设立大会、理事会和秘书处作为管理局的主要机关。
2. There is hereby established the Enterprise, the organ through which the Authority shall carry out the functions referred to in article 170, paragraph 1.	2．兹设立企业部、管理局应通过这个机关执行第一七〇条第1款所指的职务。
3. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with this Part.	3．经认为必要的附属机关可按照本部分设立。
4. Each principal organ of the Authority and the Enterprise shall be responsible for exercising those powers and functions which are conferred upon it.	4．管理局各主要机关和企业部应负责行使对其授予的权力和职务。
In exercising such powers and functions each organ shall avoid taking any action which may derogate from or impede the exercise of specific powers and functions conferred upon another organ.	每一机关行使这种权力和职务时，应避免采取可能对授予另一机关的特定权力和职务的行使有所减损或阻碍的任何行动。
SUBSECTION B. THE ASSEMBLY	B分节 大会
Article 159	第一五九条
Composition, procedure and voting	组成、程序和表决
1. The Assembly shall consist of all the members of the Authority.	1．大会应由管理局的全体成员组成。
Each member shall have one representative in the Assembly, who may be accompanied by alternates and advisers.	每一成员应有一名代表出席大会，并可由副代表及顾问随同出席。
2. The Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as may be decided by the Assembly, or convened by the Secretary-General at the request of the Council or of a majority of the members of the Authority.	2．大会应召开年度常会，经大会决定，或由秘书长应理事会的要求或管理局过半数成员的要求，可召开特别会议。
3. Sessions shall take place at the seat of the Authority unless otherwise decided by the Assembly.	3．除非大会另有决定，各届会议应在管理局的所在地举行。
4. The Assembly shall adopt its rules of procedure.	4．大会应制定其议事规则。
At the beginning of each regular session, it shall elect its President and such other officers as may be required.	大会应在每届常会开始时选出其主席和其他必要的高级职员。
They shall hold office until a new President and other officers are elected at the next regular session.	他们的任期至下届常会选出新主席及其他高级职员为止。
5. A majority of the members of the Assembly shall constitute a quorum.	5．大会过半数成员构成法定人数。
6. Each member of the Assembly shall have one vote.	6．大会每一成员应有一票表决权。
7. Decisions on questions of procedure, including decisions to convene special sessions of the Assembly, shall be taken by a majority of the members present and voting.	7．关于程序问题的决定，包括召开大会特别会议的决定，应由出席并参加表决的成员过半数作出。
8. Decisions on questions of substance shall be taken by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, provided that such majority includes a majority of the members participating in the session.	8．关于实质问题的决定，应以出席并参加表决的成员三分之二多数作出。 但这种多数应包括参加该会议的过半数成员。
When the issue arises as to whether a question is one of substance or not, that question shall be treated as one of substance unless otherwise decided by the Assembly by the majority required for decisions on questions of substance.	对某一问题是否为实质问题发生争论时，该问题应作为实质问题处理，除非大会以关于实质问题的决定所需的多数另作决定。
9. When a question of substance comes up for voting for the first time, the President may, and shall, if requested by at least one fifth of the members of the Assembly, defer the issue of taking a vote on that question for a period not exceeding five calendar days.	9．将一个实质问题第一次付诸表决时，主席可将就该问题进行表决的问题推迟一段时间，如经大会至少五分之一成员提出要求，则应将表决推迟，但推迟时间不得超过五历日。
This rule may be applied only once to any question, and shall not be applied so as to defer the question beyond the end of the session.	此项规则对任一问题只可适用一次，并且不应用来将问题推迟至会议结束以后。
10. Upon a written request addressed to the President and sponsored by at least one fourth of the members of the Authority for an advisory opinion on the conformity with this Convention of a proposal before the Assembly on any matter, the Assembly shall request the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to give an advisory opinion thereon and shall defer voting on that proposal pending receipt of the advisory opinion by the Chamber.	10．对于大会审议中关于任何事项的提案是否符合本公约的问题，在管理局至少四分之一成员以书面要求主席征求咨询意见时，大会应请国际海洋法法庭海底争端分庭就该提案提出咨询意见，并应在收到分庭的咨询意见前，推迟对该提案的表决。
If the advisory opinion is not received before the final week of the session in which it is requested, the Assembly shall decide when it will meet to vote upon the deferred proposal.	如果在提出要求的那期会议最后一个星期以前还没有收到咨询意见，大会应决定何时开会对已推迟的提案进行表决。
Article 160	第一六〇条
Powers and functions	权力和职务
1. The Assembly, as the sole organ of the Authority consisting of all the members, shall be considered the supreme organ of the Authority to which the other principal organs shall be accountable as specifically provided for in this Convention.	1．大会作为管理局唯一由其所有成员组成的机关，应视为管理局的最高机关，其他各主要机关均应按照本公约的具体规定向大会负责。
The Assembly shall have the power to establish general policies in conformity with the relevant provisions of this Convention on any question or matter within the competence of the Authority.	大会应有权依照本公约各项有关规定，就管理局权限范围内的任何问题或事项制订一般性政策。
2. In addition, the powers and functions of the Assembly shall be:	2．此外，大会的权力和职务应为：
(a) to elect the members of the Council in accordance with article 161;	（a）按照第一六一条的规定，选举理事会成员；
(b) to elect the Secretary-General from among the candidates proposed by the Council;	（b）从理事会提出的候选人中，选举秘书长；
(c) to elect, upon the recommendation of the Council, the members of the Governing Board of the Enterprise and the Director-General of the Enterprise;	（c）根据理事会的推荐，选举企业部董事会董事和企业部总干事；
(d) to establish such subsidiary organs as it finds necessary for the exercise of its functions in accordance with this Part.	（d）设立为按照本部分执行其职务认为有必要的附属机关。
In the composition of these subsidiary organs due account shall be taken of the principle of equitable geographical distribution and of special interests and the need for members qualified and competent in the relevant technical questions dealt with by such organs;	这种机关的组成，应适当考虑到公平地区分配原则和特别利益，以及其成员必须对这种机关所处理的有关技术问题具备资格和才能；
(e) to assess the contributions of members to the administrative budget of the Authority in accordance with an agreed scale of assessment based upon the scale used for the regular budget of the United Nations until the Authority shall have sufficient income from other sources to meet its administrative expenses;	（e）在管理局未能从其他来源得到足够收入应付其行政开支以前，按照以联合国经常预算所用比额表为基础议定的会费分摊比额表，决定各成员国对管理局的行政预算应缴的会费；
(f) (i) to consider and approve, upon the recommendation of the Council, the rules, regulations and procedures on the equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits derived from activities in the Area and the payments and contributions made pursuant to article 82, taking into particular consideration the interests and needs of developing States and peoples who have not attained full independence or other self-governing status.	（f）（1）根据理事会的建议，审议和核准关于公平分享从“区域”内活动取得的财政及其他经济利益和依据第八十二条所缴的费用和实物的规则、规章和程序，特别考虑到发展中国家和尚未取得完全独立或其他自治地位的人民的利益和需要。
If the Assembly does not approve the recommendations of the Council, the Assembly shall return them to the Council for reconsideration in the light of the views expressed by the Assembly;	如果大会对理事会的建议不予核准，大会应将这些建议送回理事会，以便参照大会表示的意见重新加以审议；
(ii) to consider and approve the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, and any amendments thereto, provisionally adopted by the Council pursuant to article 162, paragraph 2 (o) (ii)	（2）审议和核准理事会依据第一六二条第2款（o）项(2)目暂时制定的管理局的规则、规章和程序及其修正案。
These rules, regulations and procedures shall relate to prospecting, exploration and exploitation in the Area, the financial management and internal administration of the Authority, and, upon the recommendation of the Governing Board of the Enterprise, to the transfer of funds from the Enterprise to the Authority;	这些规则、规章和程序应涉及 “区域”内的探矿、勘探和开发，管理局的财务管理和内部行政以及根据企业部董事会的建议由企业部向管理局转移资金；
(g) to decide upon the equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits derived from activities in the Area, consistent with this Convention and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority;	（g）在符合本公约规定和管理局规则、规章和程序的情形下，决定公平分配从“区域”内活动取得的财政和其他经济利益；
(h) to consider and approve the proposed annual budget of the Authority submitted by the Council;	（h）审议和核准理事会提出的管理局的年度概算；
(i) to examine periodic reports from the Council and from the Enterprise and special reports requested from the Council or any other organ of the Authority;	（i）审查理事会和企业部的定期报告以及要求理事会或管理局任何其他机关提出的特别报告；
(j) to initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of promoting international cooperation concerning activities in the Area and encouraging the progressive development of international law relating thereto and its codification;	（j）为促进有关“区域”内活动的国际合作和鼓励与此有关的国际法的逐渐发展及其编纂的目的，发动研究和提出建议；
(k) to consider problems of a general nature in connection with activities in the Area arising in particular for developing States, as well as those problems for States in connection with activities in the Area that are due to their geographical location, particularly for land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States;	（k）审议关于“区域”内活动的一般性问题，特别是对发展中国家产生的问题，以及关于“区域”内活动对某些国家，特别是内陆国和地理不利国，因其地理位置而造成的那些问题；
(l) to establish, upon the recommendation of the Council, on the basis of advice from the Economic Planning Commission, a system of compensation or other measures of economic adjustment assistance as provided in article 151, paragraph 10;	（l）经理事会按照经济规划委员会的意见提出建议，依第一五一条第10款的规定，建立补偿制度或采取其他经济调整援助措施；
(m) to suspend the exercise of rights and privileges of membership pursuant to article 185;	（m）依据第一八五条暂停成员的权利和特权的行使；
(n) to discuss any question or matter within the competence of the Authority and to decide as to which organ of the Authority shall deal with any such question or matter not specifically entrusted to a particular organ, consistent with the distribution of powers and functions among the organs of the Authority.	（n）讨论管理局权限范围内的任何问题或事项，并在符合管理局各个机关权力和职务的分配的情形下，决定由管理局哪一机关来处理本公约条款未规定由其某一机关处理的任何这种问题或事项。
SUBSECTION C. THE COUNCIL	C分节 理事会
Article 161	第一六一条
Composition, procedure and voting	组成、程序和表决
1. The Council shall consist of 36 members of the Authority elected by the Assembly in the following order:	1．理事会应由大会按照下列次序选出的三十六个管理局成员组成：
(a) four members from among those States Parties which, during the last five years for which statistics are available, have either consumed more than 2 per cent of total world consumption or have had net imports of more than 2 per cent of total world imports of the commodities produced from the categories of minerals to be derived from the Area, and in any case one State from the Eastern European (Socialist) region, as well as the largest consumer;	（a）四个成员来自在有统计资料的最近五年中，对于可从“区域”取得的各类矿物所产的商品，其消费量超过世界总消费量百分之二，或其净进口量超过世界总进口量百分之二的那些缔约国，无论如何应有一个国家属于东欧（社会主义）区域，和最大的消费国；
(b) four members from among the eight States Parties which have the largest investments in preparation for and in the conduct of activities in the Area, either directly or through their nationals, including at least one State from the Eastern European (Socialist) region;	（b）四个成员来自直接地或通过其国民对“区域”内活动的准备和进行作出了最大投资的八个缔约国，其中至少应有一个国家属于东欧（社会主义）区域；
(c) four members from among States Parties which on the basis of production in areas under their jurisdiction are major net exporters of the categories of minerals to be derived from the Area, including at least two developing States whose exports of such minerals have a substantial bearing upon their economies;	（c）四个成员来自缔约国中因在其管辖区域内的生产而为可从“区域”取得的各类矿物的主要净出口国，其中至少应有两个是出口这种矿物对其经济有重大关系的发展中国家；
(d) six members from among developing States Parties, representing special interests.	（d）六个成员来自发展中国家缔约国，代表特别利益。
The special interests to be represented shall include those of States with large populations, States which are land-locked or geographically disadvantaged, States which are major importers of the categories of minerals to be derived from the Area, States which are potential producers of such minerals, and least developed States;	所代表的特别利益应包括人口众多的国家、内陆国或地理不利国、可从“区域”取得的种类矿物的主要进口国、这些矿物的潜在的生产国以及最不发达国家的利益；
(e) eighteen members elected according to the principle of ensuring an equitable geographical distribution of seats in the Council as a whole, provided that each geographical region shall have at least one member elected under this subparagraph.	（e）十八个成员按照确保理事会的席位作为一个整体予以公平地区分配的原则选出，但每一地理区域至少应有根据本项规定选出的一名成员。
For this purpose, the geographical regions shall be Africa, Asia, Eastern European (Socialist) , Latin America and Western European and Others.	为此目的，地理区域应为非洲、亚洲、东欧（社会主义）、拉丁美洲和西欧及其他国家。
2. In electing the members of the Council in accordance with paragraph 1, the Assembly shall ensure that:	2．按照第1款选举理事会成员时，大会应确保：
(a) land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States are represented to a degree which is reasonably proportionate to their representation in the Assembly;	（a）内陆国和地理不利国有和它们在大会内的代表权成合理比例的代表；
(b) coastal States, especially developing States, which do not qualify under paragraph 1(a) , (b) , (c) or (d) are represented to a degree which is reasonably proportionate to their representation in the Assembly;	（b）不具备第1款（a）、（b）、（c）或（d）项所列条件的沿海国，特别是发展中国家有和它们在大会内的代表权成合理比例的代表；
(c) each group of States Parties to be represented on the Council is represented by those members, if any, which are nominated by that group.	（c）在理事会内应有代表的每一个缔约国集团，其代表应由该集团提名的任何成员担任。
3. Elections shall take place at regular sessions of the Assembly.	3．选举应在大会的常会上举行。
Each member of the Council shall be elected for four years.	理事会每一成员任期四年。
At the first election, however, the term of one half of the members of each group referred to in paragraph l shall be two years.	但在第一次选举时，第1款所指每一集团的一半成员的任期应为两年。
4. Members of the Council shall be eligible for re-election, but due regard should be paid to the desirability of rotation of membership.	4．理事会成员连选可连任；但应妥为顾及理事会成员轮流的相宜性。
5. The Council shall function at the seat of the Authority, and shall meet as often as the business of the Authority may require, but not less than three times a year.	5．理事会应在管理局所在地执行职务，并应视管理局业务需要随时召开会议，但每年不得少于三次。
6. A majority of the members of the Council shall constitute a quorum.	6．理事会过半数成员构成法定人数。
7. Each member of the Council shall have one vote. 8.	7．理事会每一成员应有一票表决权。
8. (a) Decisions on questions of procedure shall be taken by a majority of the members present and voting.	8．（a）关于程序问题的决定应以出席并参加表决的过半数成员作出。
(b) Decisions on questions of substance arising under the following provisions shall be taken by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, provided that such majority includes a majority of the members of the Council: article 162, paragraph 2, subparagraphs (f) ; (g) ; (h) ; (i) ; (n) ; (p) ; (v) ; article 191.	（b）关于在下列条款下产生的实质问题的决定，应以出席并参加表决的成员的三分之二多数作出，但这种多数应包括理事会的过半数成员：第一六二条第2款（f）项，（g）项，（h）项，（i）项，（n）项，（p）项和（v）项；第一九一条。
(c) Decisions on questions of substance arising under the following provisions shall be taken by a three-fourths majority of the members present and voting, provided that such majority includes a majority of the members of the Council: article 162, paragraph 1; article 162, paragraph 2, subparagraphs (a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d) ; (e) ; (l) ; (q) ; (r) ; (s) ; (t) ; (u) in cases of non-compliance by a contractor or a sponsor; (w) provided that orders issued thereunder may be binding for not more than 30 days unless confirmed by a decision taken in accordance with subparagraph (d) ; article 162, paragraph 2, subparagraphs (x) ; (y) ; (z) ; article 163, paragraph 2; article 174, paragraph 3; Annex IV, article 11.	（c）关于在下列条款下产生的实质问题的决定，应以出席并参加表决的成员的四分之三多数作出，但这种多数应包括理事会的过半数成员：第一六二条第1款；第一六二条第2款（a）项；（b）项；（c）项；（d）项；（e）项；（l）项；（q）项；（r）项；（s）项；（t）项；在承包者或担保者不遵守规定的情形下（u）项；（w）项，但根据本项发布的命令的有效期间不得超过三十天，除非以按照（d）项作出的决定加以确认；（x）项；（y）项；（z）项；第一六三条第2款；第一七四条第3款；附件四第十一条。
(d) Decisions on questions of substance arising under the following provisions shall be taken by consensus: article 162, paragraph 2(m) and (o) ; adoption of amendments to Part XI.	（d）关于在下列条款下产生的实质问题的决定应以协商一致方式作出：第一六二条第2款（m）项和（o）项；对第十一部分的修正案的通过。
(e) For the purposes of subparagraphs (d) , (f) and (g) , "consensus" means the absence of any formal objection.	（e）为了（d）项、（f）项和（g）项的目的，“协商一致”是指没有任何正式的反对意见。
Within 14 days of the submission of a proposal to the Council, the President of the Council shall determine whether there would be a formal objection to the adoption of the proposal.	在一项提案向理事会提出后十四天内，理事会主席应确定对该提案的通过是否会有正式的反对意见。
If the President determines that there would be such an objection, the President shall establish and convene, within three days following such determination, a conciliation committee consisting of not more than nine members of the Council, with the President as chairman, for the purpose of reconciling the differences and producing a proposal which can be adopted by consensus.	如果主席确定会有这种反对意见，则主席应于作出这种确定后三天内成立并召集一个其成员不超过九人的调解委员会，由他本人担任主席，以调解分歧并提出能够以协商一致方式通过的提案。
The committee shall work expeditiously and report to the Council within 14 days following its establishment.	委员会应迅速进行工作，并于十四天内向理事会提出报告。
If the committee is unable to recommend a proposal which can be adopted by consensus, it shall set out in its report the grounds on which the proposal is being opposed.	如果委员会无法提出能以协商一致方式通过的提案，它应于其报告中说明反对该提案所根据的理由。
(f) Decisions on questions not listed above which the Council is authorized to take by the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority or otherwise shall be taken pursuant to the subparagraphs of this paragraph specified in the rules, regulations and procedures or, if not specified therein, then pursuant to the subparagraph determined by the Council if possible in advance, by consensus.	（f）就以上未予列出的问题，经理事会获得管理局规则、规章和程序或其他规定授权作出的决定，应依据规则、规章和程序所指明的本款各项予以作出，如果其中未予指明，则依据理事会以协商一致方式于可能时提前确定的一项予以作出。
(g) When the issue arises as to whether a question is within subparagraph (a) , (b) , (c) or (d) , the question shall be treated as being within the subparagraph requiring the higher or highest majority or consensus as the case may be, unless otherwise decided by the Council by the said majority or by consensus.	（g）遇有某一问题究应属于（a）项、（b）项、（c）项或（d）项的问题，应根据情况将该问题作为在需要较大或最大多数或协商一致的那一项内的问题加以处理，除非理事会以上述多数或协商一致另有决定。
9. The Council shall establish a procedure whereby a member of the Authority not represented on the Council may send a representative to attend a meeting of the Council when a request is made by such member, or a matter particularly affecting it is under consideration. Such a representative shall be entitled to participate in the deliberations but not to vote.	9．理事会应制订一项程序，使在理事会内未有代表的管理局成员可在该成员提出要求时或在审议与该成员特别有关的事项时，派出代表参加其会议，这种代表应有权参加讨论，但无表决权。
Article 162	第一六二条
Powers and functions	权力和职务
1. The Council is the executive organ of the Authority.	1．理事会为管理局的执行机关。
The Council shall have the power to establish, in conformity with this Convention and the general policies established by the Assembly, the specific policies to be pursued by the Authority on any question or matter within the competence of the Authority.	理事会应有权依本公约和大会所制订的一般政策，制订管理局对于其权限范围以内的任何问题或事项所应遵循的具体政策。
2. In addition, the Council shall:	2．此外，理事会应：
(a) supervise and coordinate the implementation of the provisions of this Part on all questions and matters within the competence of the Authority and invite the attention of the Assembly to cases of non-compliance;	（a）就管理局职权范围内所有问题和事项监督和协调本部分规定的实施，并提请大会注意不遵守规定的情事；
(b) propose to the Assembly a list of candidates for the election of the Secretary-General;	（b）向大会提出选举秘书长的候选人名单；
(c) recommend to the Assembly candidates for the election of the members of the Governing Board of the Enterprise and the Director-General of the Enterprise;	（c）向大会推荐企业部董事会的董事和企业部总干事的候选人；
(d) establish, as appropriate, and with due regard to economy and efficiency, such subsidiary organs as it finds necessary for the exercise of its functions in accordance with this Part.	（d）在适当时，并在妥为顾及节约和效率的情形下，设立其认为按照本部分执行其职务所必要的附属机关。
In the composition of subsidiary organs, emphasis shall be placed on the need for members qualified and competent in relevant technical matters dealt with by those organs provided that due account shall be taken of the principle of equitable geographical distribution and of special interests;	附属机关的组成，应注重其成员必须对这种机关所处理的有关技术问题具备资格和才能，但应妥为顾及公平地区分配原则和特别利益；
(e) adopt its rules of procedure including the method of selecting its president;	（e）制定理事会议事规则，包括推选其主席的方法；
(f) enter into agreements with the United Nations or other international organizations on behalf of the Authority and within its competence, subject to approval by the Assembly;	（f）代表管理局在其职权范围内同联合国或其他国际组织缔结协定，但须经大会核准；
(g) consider the reports of the Enterprise and transmit them to the Assembly with its recommendations;	（g）审查企业部的报告，并将其转交大会，同时提交其建议；
(h) present to the Assembly annual reports and such special reports as the Assembly may request;	（h）向大会提出年度报告和大会要求的特别报告；
(i) issue directives to the Enterprise in accordance with article 170;	（i）按照第一七〇条向企业部发出指示；
(j) approve plans of work in accordance with Annex III, article 6.	（j）按照附件三第六条核准工作计划。
The Council shall act upon each plan of work within 60 days of its submission by the Legal and Technical Commission at a session of the Council in accordance with the following procedures:	理事会应于法律和技术委员会提出每一工作计划后六十天内在理事会的会议上按照下列程序对该工作计划采取行动：
(i) if the Commission recommends the approval of a plan of work, it shall be deemed to have been approved by the Council if no member of the Council submits in writing to the President within 14 days a specific objection alleging non-compliance with the requirements of Annex III, article 6.	（1）如果委员会建议核准一项工作计划，在十四天内理事会如无任何成员向主席书面提出具体反对意见，指称不符合附件三第六条的规定，则该工作计划应视为已获理事会核准。
If there is an objection, the conciliation procedure set forth in article 161, paragraph 8(e) , shall apply.	如有反对意见，即应适用第一六一条第8款（c）项所载的调解程序。
If, at the end of the conciliation procedure, the objection is still maintained, the plan of work shall be deemed to have been approved by the Council unless the Council disapproves it by consensus among its members excluding any State or States making the application or sponsoring the applicant;	如果在调解程序结束时，反对意见依然坚持，则除非理事会中将提出申请或担保申请者的任何一国或数国排除在外的成员以协商一致方式对工作计划不予核准，则该工作计划应视为已获理事会核准；
(ii) if the Commission recommends the disapproval of a plan of work or does not make a recommendation, the Council may approve the plan of work by a three-fourths majority of the members present and voting, provided that such majority includes a majority of the members participating in the session;	（2）如果委员会对一项工作计划建议不予核准，或未提出建议，理事会可以出席和参加表决的成员的四分之三的多数决定核准该工作计划，但这一多数须包括参加该次会议的过半数成员；
(k) approve plans of work submitted by the Enterprise in accordance with Annex IV, article 12, applying, mutatis mutandis, the procedures set forth in subparagraph (j) ;	（k）核准企业部按照附件四第十二条提出的工作计划，核准时比照适用（j）项内所列的程序；
(l) exercise control over activities in the Area in accordance with article 153, paragraph 4, and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority;	（l）按照第一五三条第4款和管理局的规则、规章和程序，对“区域”内活动行使控制；
(m) take, upon the recommendation of the Economic Planning Commission, necessary and appropriate measures in accordance with article 150, subparagraph (h) , to provide protection from the adverse economic effects specified therein;	（m）根据经济规划委员会的建议，按照第一五〇条（h）项，制定必要和适当的措施，以保护发展中国家使其不致受到该项中指明的不良经济影响；
(n) make recommendations to the Assembly, on the basis of advice from the Economic Planning Commission, for a system of compensation or other measures of economic adjustment assistance as provided in article 151, paragraph 10;	（n）根据经济规划委员会的意见，向大会建议第一五一条第10款所规定的补偿制度或其他经济调整援助措施；
(o) (i) recommend to the Assembly rules, regulations and procedures on the equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits derived from activities in the Area and the payments and contributions made pursuant to article 82, taking into particular consideration the interests and needs of the developing States and peoples who have not attained full independence or other self-governing status;	（o）（1）向大会建议关于公平分享从“区域”内活动取得的财政及其他经济利益以及依据第八十二条所缴费用和实物的规则、规章和程序，特别顾及发展中国家和尚未取得完全独立或其他自治地位的人民的利益和需要；
(ii) adopt and apply provisionally, pending approval by the Assembly, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, and any amendments thereto, taking into account the recommendations of the Legal and Technical Commission or other subordinate organ concerned.	（2）在经大会核准前，暂时制定并适用管理局的规则、规章和程序及其任何修正案，考虑到法律和技术委员会或其他有关附属机构的建议。
These rules, regulations and procedures shall relate to prospecting, exploration and exploitation in the Area and the financial management and internal administration of the Authority.	这种规则、规章和程序应涉及“区域”内的探矿、勘探和开发以及管理局的财务管理和内部行政。
Priority shall be given to the adoption of rules, regulations and procedures for the exploration for and exploitation of polymetallic nodules.	对于制定有关多金属结核的勘探和开发的规则、规章和程序，应给予优先。
Rules, regulations and procedures for the exploration for and exploitation of any resource other than polymetallic nodules shall be adopted within three years from the date of a request to the Authority by any of its members to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures in respect of such resource.	有关多金属结核以外任何资源的勘探和开发的规则、规章和程序，应于管理局任何成员向其要求制订之日起三年内予以制定。
All rules, regulations and procedures shall remain in effect on a provisional basis until approved by the Assembly or until amended by the Council in the light of any views expressed by the Assembly;	所有规则、规章和程序应于大会核准以前或理事会参照大会表示的任何意见予以修改以前，在暂时性的基础上生效；
(p) review the collection of all payments to be made by or to the Authority in connection with operations pursuant to this Part;	（p）审核在依据本部分进行的业务方面由管理局付出或向其缴付的一切款项的收集工作；
(q) make the selection from among applicants for production authorizations pursuant to Annex III, article 7, where such selection is required by that provision;	（q）在附件三第七条有此要求的情形下，从生产许可的申请者中作出选择；
(r) submit the proposed annual budget of the Authority to the Assembly for its approval;	（r）将管理局的年度概算提交大会核准；
(s) make recommendations to the Assembly concerning policies on any question or matter within the competence of the Authority;	（s）就管理局职权范围内的任何问题或事项的政策，向大会提出建议；
(t) make recommendations to the Assembly concerning suspension of the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership pursuant to article 185;	（t）依据第一八五条，就暂停成员权利和特权的行使向大会提出建议；
(u) institute proceedings on behalf of the Authority before the Seabed Disputes Chamber in cases of non-compliance;	（u）在发生不遵守规定的情形下，代表管理局向海底争端分庭提起司法程序；
(v) notify the Assembly upon a decision by the Seabed Disputes Chamber in proceedings instituted under subparagraph (u) , and make any recommendations which it may find appropriate with respect to measures to be taken;	（v）经海底争端分庭在根据（u）项提起的司法程序作出裁判后，将此通知大会，并就其认为应采取的适当措施提出建议；
(w) issue emergency orders, which may include orders for the suspension or adjustment of operations, to prevent serious harm to the marine environment arising out of activities in the Area;	（w）遇有紧急情况，发布命令，其中可包括停止或调整作业的命令，以防止“区域”内活动对海洋环境造成严重损害；
(x) disapprove areas for exploitation by contractors or the Enterprise in cases where substantial evidence indicates the risk of serious harm to the marine environment;	（x）在有重要证据证明海洋环境有受严重损害之虞的情形下，不准由承包者或企业部开发某些区域；
(y) establish a subsidiary organ for the elaboration of draft financial rules, regulations and procedures relating to:	（y）设立一个附属机关来制订有关下列两项财政方面的规则、规章和程序草案：
(i) financial management in accordance with articles 171 to 175; and	（1）按照第一七一至第一七五条的财务管理；
(ii) financial arrangements in accordance with Annex III, article 13 and article 17, paragraph 1(c) ;	（2）按照附件三第十三条和第十七条第1款（c）项的财政安排；
(z) establish appropriate mechanisms for directing and supervising a staff of inspectors who shall inspect activities in the Area to determine whether this Part, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, and the terms and conditions of any contract with the Authority are being complied with.	（z）设立适当机构来指导和监督视察工作人员，这些视察员负责视察“区域”内活动，以确定本部分的规定、管理局的规则、规章和程序、以及同管理局订立的任何合同的条款和条件，是否得到遵守。
Article 163 Organs of the Council	第一六三条
1. There are hereby established the following organs of the Council:	理事会的机关 1．兹设立理事会的机关如下：
(a) an Economic Planning Commission;	（a）经济规划委员会；
(b) a Legal and Technical Commission.	（b）法律和技术委员会。
2. Each Commission shall be composed of 15 members, elected by the Council from among the candidates nominated by the States Parties.	2．每一委员会应由理事会根据缔约国提名选出的十五名委员组成。
However, if necessary, the Council may decide to increase the size of either Commission having due regard to economy and efficiency.	但理事会可于必要时在妥为顾及节约和效率的情形下，决定增加任何一个委员会的委员人数。
3. Members of a Commission shall have appropriate qualifications in the area of competence of that Commission.	3．委员会委员应具备该委员会职务范围内的适当资格。
States Parties shall nominate candidates of the highest standards of competence and integrity with qualifications in relevant fields so as to ensure the effective exercise of the functions of the Commissions.	缔约国应提名在有关领域内有资格的具备最高标准的能力和正直的候选人，以便确保委员会有效执行其职务。
4. In the election of members of the Commissions, due account shall be taken of the need for equitable geographical distribution and the representation of special interests.	4．在选举委员会委员时，应妥为顾及席位的公平地区分配和特别利益有其代表的需要。
5. No State Party may nominate more than one candidate for the same Commission. No person shall be elected to serve on more than one Commission.	5．任何缔约国不得提名一人以上为同一委员会的候选人。任何人不应当选在一个以上委员会任职。
6. Members of the Commissions shall hold office for a term of five years. They shall be eligible for re-election for a further term.	6．委员会委员任期五年，连选可连任一次。
7. In the event of the death, incapacity or resignation of a member of a Commission prior to the expiration of the term of office, the Council shall elect for the remainder of the term, a member from the same geographical region or area of interest.	7．如委员会委员在其任期届满之前死亡、丧失能力或辞职，理事会应从同一地理区域或同一利益方面选出一名委员任满所余任期。
8. Members of Commissions shall have no financial interest in any activity relating to exploration and exploitation in the Area.	8．委员会委员不应在同“区域”内的勘探和开发有关的任何活动中有财务上的利益。
Subject to their responsibilities to the Commissions upon which they serve, they shall not disclose, even after the termination of their functions, any industrial secret, proprietary data which are transferred to the Authority in accordance with Annex III, article l4, or any other confidential information coming to their knowledge by reason of their duties for the Authority.	各委员在对其所任职的委员会所负责任限制下，不应泄露工业秘密、按照附件三第十四条转让给管理局的专有性资料，或因其在管理局任职而得悉的任何其他秘密情报，即使在职务终止以后，也是如此。
9. Each Commission shall exercise its functions in accordance with such guidelines and directives as the Council may adopt.	9．每一委员会应按照理事会所制定的方针和指示执行其职务。
10. Each Commission shall formulate and submit to the Council for approval such rules and regulations as may be necessary for the efficient conduct of the Commission's functions.	10．每一委员会应拟订为有效执行其职务所必要的规则和规章，并提请理事会核准。
11. The decision-making procedures of the Commissions shall be established by the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	11．委员会作出决定的程序应由管理局的规则、规章和程序加以规定。
Recommendations to the Council shall, where necessary, be accompanied by a summary on the divergencies of opinion in the Commission.	提交理事会的建议，必要时应附送委员会内不同意见的摘要。
12. Each Commission shall normally function at the seat of the Authority and shall meet as often as is required for the efficient exercise of its functions.	12．每一委员会通常应在管理局所在地执行职务，并按有效执行其职务的需要，经常召开会议。
13. In the exercise of its functions, each Commission may, where appropriate, consult another commission, any competent organ of the United Nations or of its specialized agencies or any international organizations with competence in the subject-matter of such consultation.	13．在执行这些职务时，每一委员会可在适当时同另一委员会或联合国任何主管机关、联合国各专门机构、或对协商的主题事项具有有关职权的任何国际组织进行协商。
Article 164	第一六四条
The Economic Planning Commission	经济规划委员会
1. Members of the Economic Planning Commission shall have appropriate qualifications such as those relevant to mining, management of mineral resource activities, international trade or international economics.	1．经济规划委员会委员应具备诸如与采矿、管理矿物资源活动、国际贸易或国际经济有关的适当资格。
The Council shall endeavour to ensure that the membership of the Commission reflects all appropriate qualifications.	理事会应尽力确保委员会的组成反映出一切适当的资格。
The Commission shall include at least two members from developing States whose exports of the categories of minerals to be derived from the Area have a substantial bearing upon their economies.	委员会至少应有两个成员来自出口从“区域”取得的各类矿物对其经济有重大关系的发展中国家。
2. The Commission shall:	2．委员会应：
(a) propose, upon the request of the Council, measures to implement decisions relating to activities in the Area taken in accordance with this Convention;	（a）经理事会请求，提出措施，以实施按照本公约所采取的关于“区域”内活动的决定；
(b) review the trends of and the factors affecting supply, demand and prices of minerals which may be derived from the Area, bearing in mind the interests of both importing and exporting countries, and in particular of the developing States among them;	（b）审查可从“区域”取得的矿物的供应、需求和价格的趋势与对其造成影响的因素，同时考虑到输入国和输出国两者的利益，特别是其中的发展中国家的利益；
(c) examine any situation likely to lead to the adverse effects referred to in article 150, subparagraph (h) , brought to its attention by the State Party or States Parties concerned, and make appropriate recommendations to the Council;	（c）审查有关缔约国提请其注意的可能导致第一五〇条（h）项内所指不良影响的任何情况，并向大会提出适当建议；
(d) propose to the Council for submission to the Assembly, as provided in article 151, paragraph 10, a system of compensation or other measures of economic adjustment assistance for developing States which suffer adverse effects caused by activities in the Area.	（d）按照第一五一条第10款所规定，向理事会建议对于因“区域”内活动而受到不良影响的发展中国家提供补偿或其他经济调整援助措施的制度以便提交大会。
The Commission shall make the recommendations to the Council that are necessary for the application of the system or other measures adopted by the Assembly in specific cases.	委员会应就大会通过的这一制度或其他措施对具体情况的适用，向理事会提出必要的建议。
Article 165	第一六五条
The Legal and Technical Commission	法律和技术委员会
1. Members of the Legal and Technical Commission shall have appropriate qualifications such as those relevant to exploration for and exploitation and processing of mineral resources, oceanology, protection of the marine environment, or economic or legal matters relating to ocean mining and related fields of expertise.	1．法律和技术委员会委员应具备诸如有关矿物资源的勘探和开发及加工、海洋学、海洋环境的保护，或关于海洋采矿的经济或法律问题以及其他有关的专门知识方面的适当资格。
The Council shall endeavour to ensure that the membership of the Commission reflects all appropriate qualifications.	理事会应尽力确保委员会的组成反映出一切适当的资格。
2. The Commission shall:	2．委员会应：
(a) make recommendations with regard to the exercise of the Authority's functions upon the request of the Council;	（a）经理事会请求，就管理局职务的执行提出建议；
(b) review formal written plans of work for activities in the Area in accordance with article 153, paragraph 3, and submit appropriate recommendations to the Council.	（b）按照第一五三条第3款审查关于 “区域”内活动的正式书面工作计划，并向理事会提交适当的建议。
The Commission shall base its recommendations solely on the grounds stated in Annex III and shall report fully thereon to the Council;	委员会的建议应仅以附件三所载的要求为根据，并应就其建议向理事会提出充分报告；
(c) supervise, upon the request of the Council, activities in the Area, where appropriate, in consultation and collaboration with any entity carrying out such activities or State or States concerned and report to the Council;	（c）经理事会请求，监督“区域”内活动，在适当情形下，同从事这种活动的任何实体或有关国家协商和合作进行，并向理事会提出报告；
(d) prepare assessments of the environmental implications of activities in the Area;	（d）就“区域”内活动对环境的影响准备评价；
(e) make recommendations to the Council on the protection of the marine environment, taking into account the views of recognized experts in that field;	（e）向理事会提出关于保护海洋环境的建议，考虑到在这方面公认的专家的意见；
(f) formulate and submit to the Council the rules, regulations and procedures referred to in article 162, paragraph 2(o) , taking into account all relevant factors including assessments of the environmental implications of activities in the Area;	（f）拟订第一六二条第2款（o）项所指的规则、规章和程序，提交理事会，考虑到一切有关的因素，包括“区域”内活动对环境影响的评价；
(g) keep such rules, regulations and procedures under review and recommend to the Council from time to time such amendments thereto as it may deem necessary or desirable;	（g）经常审查这种规则、规章和程序，并随时向理事会建议其认为必要或适宜的修正；
(h) make recommendations to the Council regarding the establishment of a monitoring programme to observe, measure, evaluate and analyse, by recognized scientific methods, on a regular basis, the risks or effects of pollution of the marine environment resulting from activities in the Area, ensure that existing regulations are adequate and are complied with and coordinate the implementation of the monitoring programme approved by the Council;	（h）就设立一个以公认的科学方法定期观察、测算、评价和分析“区域”内活动造成的海洋环境污染危险或影响的监测方案，向理事会提出建议，确保现行规章是足够的而且得到遵守，并协调理事会核准的监测方案的实施；
(i) recommend to the Council that proceedings be instituted on behalf of the Authority before the Seabed Disputes Chamber, in accordance with this Part and the relevant Annexes taking into account particularly article 187;	（i）建议理事会特别考虑到第一八七条，按照本部分和有关附件，代表管理局向海底争端分庭提起司法程序；
(j) make recommendations to the Council with respect to measures to be taken, upon a decision by the Seabed Disputes Chamber in proceedings instituted in accordance with subparagraph (i) ;	（j）经海底争端分庭在根据（i）项提起的司法程序作出裁判后，就任何应采取的措施向理事会提出建议；
(k) make recommendations to the Council to issue emergency orders, which may include orders for the suspension or adjustment of operations, to prevent serious harm to the marine environment arising out of activities in the Area.	（k）向理事会建议发布紧急命令，其中可包括停止或调整作业的命令，以防止“区域”内活动对海洋环境造成严重损害。
Such recommendations shall be taken up by the Council on a priority basis;	理事会应优先审议这种建议；
(l) make recommendations to the Council to disapprove areas for exploitation by contractors or the Enterprise in cases where substantial evidence indicates the risk of serious harm to the marine environment;	（l）在有充分证据证明海洋环境有受严重损害之虞的情形下，向理事会建议不准由承包者或企业部开发某些区域；
(m) make recommendations to the Council regarding the direction and supervision of a staff of inspectors who shall inspect activities in the Area to determine whether the provisions of this Part, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, and the terms and conditions of any contract with the Authority are being complied with;	（m）就视察工作人员的指导和监督事宜，向理事会提出建议，这些视察员应视察“区域”内活动，以确定本部分的规定、管理局的规则、规章和程序、以及同管理局订立的任何合同的条款和条件是否得到遵守；
(n) calculate the production ceiling and issue production authorizations on behalf of the Authority pursuant to article 151, paragraphs 2 to 7, following any necessary selection among applicants for production authorizations by the Council in accordance with Annex III, article 7.	（n）在理事会按照附件三第七条在生产许可申请者中作出任何必要选择后，依据第一五一条第2至第7款代表管理局计算生产最高限额并发给生产许可。
3. The members of the Commission shall, upon request by any State Party or other party concerned, be accompanied by a representative of such State or other party concerned when carrying out their function of supervision and inspection.	3．经任何有关缔约国或任何当事一方请求，委员会委员执行其监督和检查的职务时，应由该有关缔约国或其他当事一方的代表一人陪同。
SUBSECTION D. THE SECRETARIAT	D分节 秘书处
Article 166	第一六六条
The Secretariat	秘书处
1. The Secretariat of the Authority shall comprise a Secretary-General and such staff as the Authority may require.	1．秘书处应由秘书长一人和管理局所需要的工作人员组成。
2. The Secretary-General shall be elected for four years by the Assembly from among the candidates proposed by the Council and may be re-elected.	2．秘书长应由大会从理事会提名的候选人中选举，任期四年，连选可连任。
3. The Secretary-General shall be the chief administrative officer of the Authority, and shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the Assembly, of the Council and of any subsidiary organ, and shall perform such other administrative functions as are entrusted to the Secretary-General by these organs.	3．秘书长应为管理局的行政首长，在大会和理事会以及任何附属机关的一切会议上，应以这项身份执行职务，并应执行此种机关交付给秘书长的其他行政职务。
4. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the Assembly on the work of the Authority.	4．秘书长应就管理局的工作向大会提出年度报告。
Article 167	第一六七条
The staff of the Authority	管理局的工作人员
1. The staff of the Authority shall consist of such qualified scientific and technical and other personnel as may be required to fulfil the administrative functions of the Authority.	1．管理局的工作人员应由执行管理局的行政职务所必要的合格科学及技术人员和其他人员组成。
2. The paramount consideration in the recruitment and employment of the staff and in the determination of their conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity.	2．工作人员的征聘和雇用，以及其服务条件的决定，应以必须取得在效率、才能和正直方面达到最高标准的工作人员为首要考虑。
Subject to this consideration, due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.	在这一考虑限制下，应妥为顾及在最广泛的地区基础上征聘工作人员的重要性。
3. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General.	3．工作人员应由秘书长任命。
The terms and conditions on which they shall be appointed, remunerated and dismissed shall be in accordance with the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	工作人员的任命、薪酬和解职所根据的条款和条件，应按照管理局的规则、规章和程序。
Article 168	第一六八条
International character of the Secretariat	秘书处的国际性
1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other source external to the Authority.	1．秘书长及工作人员在执行职务时，不应寻求或接受任何政府的指示或管理局以外其他来源的指示。
They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Authority.	他们应避免足以影响其作为只对管理局负责的国际官员的地位的任何行动。
Each State Party undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.	每一缔约国保证尊重秘书长和工作人员所负责任的纯粹国际性，不设法影响他们执行其职责。
Any violation of responsibilities by a staff member shall be submitted to the appropriate administrative tribunal as provided in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	工作人员如有任何违反职责的行为，应提交管理局的规则、规章和程序所规定的适当行政法庭。
2. The Secretary-General and the staff shall have no financial interest in any activity relating to exploration and exploitation in the Area.	2．秘书长及工作人员在同“区域”内的勘探和开发有关的任何活动中，不应有任何财务上的利益。
Subject to their responsibilities to the Authority, they shall not disclose, even after the termination of their functions, any industrial secret, proprietary data which are transferred to the Authority in accordance with Annex III, article 14, or any other confidential information coming to their knowledge by reason of their employment with the Authority.	在他们对管理局所负责任限制下，他们不应泄露任何工业秘密、按照附件三第十四条转让给管理局的专有性资料或因在管理局任职而得悉的任何其他秘密情报，即使在其职务终止以后也是如此。
3. Violations of the obligations of a staff member of the Authority set forth in paragraph 2 shall, on the request of a State Party affected by such violation, or a natural or juridical person, sponsored by a State Party as provided in article 153, paragraph 2(b) , and affected by such violation, be submitted by the Authority against the staff member concerned to a tribunal designated by the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	3．管理局工作人员如有违反第2款所载义务情事，经受到这种违反行为影响的缔约国，或由缔约国按照第一五三条第2款（b）项担保并因这种违反行为而受到影响的自然人或法人的要求，应由管理局将有关工作人员交管理局的规则、规章和程序所指定的法庭处理。
The Party affected shall have the right to take part in the proceedings. If the tribunal so recommends, the Secretary-General shall dismiss the staff member concerned.	受影响的一方应有权参加程序、如经法庭建议，秘书长应将有关工作人员解雇。
4. The rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority shall contain such provisions as are necessary to implement this article.	4．管理局的规则、规章和程序应载有为实施本条所必要的规定。
Article 169	第一六九条
Consultation and cooperation with international and non-governmental organizations	同国际组织和非政府组织的协商和合作
1. The Secretary-General shall, on matters within the competence of the Authority, make suitable arrangements, with the approval of the Council, for consultation and cooperation with international and non-governmental organizations recognized by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.	1．在管理局职权范围内的事项上，秘书长经理事会核可，应作出适当的安排，同联合国经济及社会理事会承认的国际组织和非政府组织进行协商和合作。
2. Any organization with which the Secretary-General has entered into an arrangement under paragraph 1 may designate representatives to attend meetings of the organs of the Authority as observers in accordance with the rules of procedure of these organs.	2．根据第1款与秘书长订有安排的任何组织可指派代表，按照管理局各机关的议事规则，以观察员的身份参加这些机关的会议。
Procedures shall be established for obtaining the views of such organizations in appropriate cases.	应制订程序，以便在适当情形下征求这种组织的意见。
3. The Secretary-General may distribute to States Parties written reports submitted by the non-governmental organizations referred to in paragraph l on subjects in which they have special competence and which are related to the work of the Authority.	3．秘书长可向各缔约国分发第1款所指的非政府组织就其具有特别职权并与管理局工作有关的事项提出的书面报告。
SUBSECTION E. THE ENTERPRISE	E分节 企业部
Article 170	第一七〇条
The Enterprise	企业部
1. The Enterprise shall be the organ of the Authority which shall carry out activities in the Area directly, pursuant to article 153, paragraph 2(a) , as well as the transporting, processing and marketing of minerals recovered from the Area.	1．企业部应为依据第一五三条第2款（a）项直接进行“区域”内活动以及从事运输、加工和销售从“区域”回收的矿物的管理局机关。
2. The Enterprise shall, within the framework of the international legal personality of the Authority, have such legal capacity as is provided for in the Statute set forth in Annex IV.	2．企业部在管理局国际法律人格的范围内，应有附件四所载章程规定的法律行为能力。
The Enterprise shall act in accordance with this Convention and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, as well as the general policies established by the Assembly, and shall be subject to the directives and control of the Council.	企业部应按照本公约、管理局的规则、规章和程序以及大会制订的一般政策行事，并应受理事会的指示和控制。
3. The Enterprise shall have its principal place of business at the seat of the Authority.	3．企业部总办事处应设在管理局所在地。
4. The Enterprise shall, in accordance with article 173, paragraph 2, and Annex IV, article 11, be provided with such funds as it may require to carry out its functions, and shall receive technology as provided in article 144 and other relevant provisions of this Convention.	4．企业部应按照第一七三条第2款和附件四第十一条取得执行职务所需的资金，并应按照第一四四条和本公约其他有关条款规定得到技术。
SUBSECTION F. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS OF THE AUTHORITY	F分节 管理局的财政安排
Article 171	第一七一条
Funds of the Authority	管理局的资金
The funds of the Authority shall include:	管理局的资金应包括：
(a) assessed contributions made by members of the Authority in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(e) ;	（a）管理局各成员按照第一六〇条第2款（e）项缴付的分摊会费；
(b) funds received by the Authority pursuant to Annex III, article 13, in connection with activities in the Area;	（b）管理局按照附件三第十三条因“区域”内活动而得到的收益；
(c) funds transferred from the Enterprise in accordance with Annex IV, article 10;	（c）企业部按照附件四第十条转来的资金；
(d) funds borrowed pursuant to article 174;	（d）依据第一七四条借入的款项；
(e) voluntary contributions made by members or other entities; and	（e）成员或其他实体所提供的自愿捐款；和
(f) payments to a compensation fund, in accordance with article 151, paragraph 10, whose sources are to be recommended by the Economic Planning Commission.	（f）按照第一五一条第10款向补偿基金缴付的款项，基金的来源由经济规划委员会提出建议。
Article 172	第一七二条
Annual budget of the Authority	管理局的年度预算
The Secretary-General shall draft the proposed annual budget of the Authority and submit it to the Council.	秘书长应编制管理局年度概算，向理事会提出。
The Council shall consider the proposed annual budget and submit it to the Assembly, together with any recommendations thereon.	理事会应审议年度概算，并连同其对概算的任何建议向大会提出。
The Assembly shall consider and approve the proposed annual budget in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(h)	大会应按照第一六〇条第2款（h）项审议并核准年度概算。
Article 173	第一七三条
Expenses of the Authority	管理局的开支
1. The contributions referred to in article 171, subparagraph (a) , shall be paid into a special account to meet the administrative expenses of the Authority until the Authority has sufficient funds from other sources to meet those expenses.	1．在管理局未能从其他来源得到足够资金以应付其行政开支以前，第一七一条（a）项所指的会费应缴入特别帐户，以支付管理局的行政开支。
2. The administrative expenses of the Authority shall be a first call upon the funds of the Authority.	2．管理局的资金应首先支付管理局的行政开支。
Except for the assessed contributions referred to in article 171, subparagraph (a) , the funds which remain after payment of administrative expenses may, inter alia:	除了第一七一条（a）项所指分摊会费外，支付行政开支后所余资金，除其他外，可：
(a) be shared in accordance with article 140 and article 160, paragraph 2(g) ;	（a）按照第一四〇条和第一六〇条第2款（g）项加以分配；
(b) be used to provide the Enterprise with funds in accordance with article 170, paragraph 4;	（b）按照第一七〇条第4款用以向企业部提供资金；
(c) be used to compensate developing States in accordance with article 151, paragraph 10, and article 160, paragraph 2(l)	（c）按照第一五一条第10款和第一六〇条第2款（l）项用以补偿发展中国家。
Article 174	第一七四条
Borrowing power of the Authority	管理局的借款权
1. The Authority shall have the power to borrow funds.	1．管理局应有借款的权力。
2. The Assembly shall prescribe the limits on the borrowing power of the Authority in the financial regulations adopted pursuant to article 160, paragraph 2(f)	2．大会应在依据第一六〇第2款（f）项所制定的财务条例中规定对此项权力的限制。
3. The Council shall exercise the borrowing power of the Authority.	3．理事会应行使管理局的借款权。
4. States Parties shall not be liable for the debts of the Authority.	4．缔约国对管理局的债务应不负责任。
Article 175	第一七五条
Annual audit	年度审计
The records, books and accounts of the Authority, including its annual financial statements, shall be audited annually by an independent auditor appointed by the Assembly.	管理局的记录、帐簿和帐目，包括其年度财务报表，应每年交由大会指派的一位独立审计员审核。
SUBSECTION G. LEGAL STATUS, PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES	G分节 法律地位、特权和豁免
Article 176	第一七六条
Legal status	法律地位
The Authority shall have international legal personality and such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes.	管理局应具有国际法律人格以及为执行其职务和实现其宗旨所必要的法律行为能力。
Article 177	第一七七条
Privileges and immunities	特权和豁免
To enable the Authority to exercise its functions, it shall enjoy in the territory of each State Party the privileges and immunities set forth in this subsection.	为使其能够执行职务，管理局应在每一缔约国的领土内享有本分节所规定的特权和豁免。
The privileges and immunities relating to the Enterprise shall be those set forth in Annex IV, article 13.	同企业部有关的特权和豁免应为附件四第十三条内所规定者。
Article 178	第一七八条
Immunity from legal process	法律程序的豁免
The Authority, its property and assets, shall enjoy immunity from legal process except to the extent that the Authority expressly waives this immunity in a particular case.	管理局及其财产和资产，应享有对法律程序的豁免，但管理局在特定事件中明白放弃这种豁免时，不在此限。
Article 179	第一七九条
Immunity from search and any form of seizure	对搜查和任何其他形式扣押的豁免
The property and assets of the Authority, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation or any other form of seizure by executive or legislative action.	管理局的财产和资产，不论位于何处和为何人持有，应免受搜查、征用、没收、公用征收或以行政或立法行动进行的任何其他形式的扣押。
Article 180	第一八〇条
Exemption from restrictions, regulations, controls and moratoria	限制、管制、控制和暂时冻结的免除
The property and assets of the Authority shall be exempt from restrictions, regulations, controls and moratoria of any nature.	管理局的财产和资产应免除任何性质的限制、管制、控制和暂时冻结。
Article 181	第一八一条
Archives and official communications of the Authority	管理局的档案和公务通讯
1. The archives of the Authority, wherever located, shall be inviolable.	1．管理局的档案不论位于何处，应属不可侵犯。
2. Proprietary data, industrial secrets or similar information and personnel records shall not be placed in archives which are open to public inspection.	2．专有的资料、工业秘密或类似的情报和人事卷宗不应置于可供公众查阅的档案中。
3. With regard to its official communications, the Authority shall be accorded by each State Party treatment no less favourable than that accorded by that State to other international organizations.	3．关于管理局的公务通讯，每一缔约国应给予管理局不低于给予其他国际组织的待遇。
Article 182	第一八二条
Privileges and immunities of certain persons connected with the Authority	若干与管理局有关人员的特权和豁免
Representatives of States Parties attending meetings of the Assembly, the Council or organs of the Assembly or the Council, and the Secretary-General and staff of the Authority, shall enjoy in the territory of each State Party:	缔约国代表出席大会、理事会、或大会或理事会所属机关的会议时，以及管理局的秘书长和工作人员，在每一缔约国领土内：
(a) immunity from legal process with respect to acts performed by them in the exercise of their functions, except to the extent that the State which they represent or the Authority, as appropriate, expressly waives this immunity in a particular case;	（a）应就他们执行职务的行为，享有对法律程序的豁免，但在适当情形下，他们所代表的国家或管理局在特定事件中明白放弃这种豁免时，不在此限；
(b) if they are not nationals of that State Party, the same exemptions from immigration restrictions, alien registration requirements and national service obligations, the same facilities as regards exchange restrictions and the same treatment in respect of travelling facilities as are accorded by that State to the representatives, officials and employees of comparable rank of other States Parties.	（b）如果他们不是缔约国国民，应比照该国应给予其他缔约国职级相当的代表、官员和雇员的待遇，享有在移民限制、外侨登记规定和国民服役义务方面的同样免除、外汇管制方面的同样便利和旅行便利方面的同样待遇。
Article 183	第一八三条
Exemption from taxes and customs duties	捐税和关税的免除
1. Within the scope of its official activities, the Authority, its assets and property, its income, and its operations and transactions, authorized by this Convention, shall be exempt from all direct taxation and goods imported or exported for its official use shall be exempt from all customs duties.	1．在其公务活动范围内，管理局及其资产、财产和收入，以及本公约许可的管理局的业务和交易，应免除一切直接税捐，对其因公务用途而进口或出口的货物也应免除一切关税。
The Authority shall not claim exemption from taxes which are no more than charges for services rendered.	管理局不应要求免除仅因提供服务而收取的费用的税款。
2. When purchases of goods or services of substantial value necessary for the official activities of the Authority are made by or on behalf of the Authority, and when the price of such goods or services includes taxes or duties, appropriate measures shall, to the extent practicable, be taken by States Parties to grant exemption from such taxes or duties or provide for their reimbursement.	2．为管理局的公务活动需要，由管理局或以管理局的名义采购价值巨大的货物或服务时，以及当这种货物或服务的价款包括税捐或关税在内时，各缔约国应在可行范围内采取适当措施，准许免除这种税捐或关税或设法将其退还。
Goods imported or purchased under an exemption provided for in this article shall not be sold or otherwise disposed of in the territory of the State Party which granted the exemption, except under conditions agreed with that State Party.	在本条规定的免除下进口或采购的货物，除非根据与该缔约国协议的条件，不应在给予免除的缔约国领土内出售或作其他处理。
3. No tax shall be levied by States Parties on or in respect of salaries and emoluments paid or any other form of payment made by the Authority to the Secretary-General and staff of the Authority, as well as experts performing missions for the Authority, who are not their nationals.	3．各缔约国对于管理局付给非该国公民、国民或管辖下人员的管理局秘书长和工作人员以及为管理局执行任务的专家的薪给和酬金或其他形式的费用，不应课税。
SUBSECTION H. SUSPENSION OF THE EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS	H分节 成员国权利和特权的暂停行使
Article 184	第一八四条
Suspension of the exercise of voting rights	表决权的暂停行使
A State Party which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Authority shall have no vote if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years.	一个缔约国拖欠对管理局应缴的费用，如果拖欠数额等于或超过该国前两整年应缴费用的总额，该国应无表决权。
The Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the member.	但大会如果确定该成员国由于本国无法控制的情况而不能缴费，可准许该国参加表决。
Article 185	第一八五条
Suspension of exercise of rights and privileges of membership	成员权利和特权的暂停行使
1. A State Party which has grossly and persistently violated the provisions of this Part may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the Assembly upon the recommendation of the Council.	1．缔约国如一再严重违反本部分的规定，大会可根据理事会的建议暂停该国行使成员的权利和特权。
2. No action may be taken under paragraph 1 until the Seabed Disputes Chamber has found that a State Party has grossly and persistently violated the provisions of this Part.	2．在海底争端分庭认定一个缔约国一再严重违反本部分规定以前，不得根据第1款采取任何行动。
SECTION 5. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND ADVISORY OPINIONS	第五节 争端的解决和咨询意见
Article 186	第一八六条
Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea	国际海洋法法庭海底争端分庭
The establishment of the Seabed Disputes Chamber and the manner in which it shall exercise its jurisdiction shall be governed by the provisions of this section, of Part XV and of Annex VI.	海底争端分庭的设立及其行使管辖权的方式均应按照本节、第十五部分和附件六的规定。
Article 187	第一八七条
Jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber	海底争端分庭的管辖权
The Seabed Disputes Chamber shall have jurisdiction under this Part and the Annexes relating thereto in disputes with respect to activities in the Area falling within the following categories:	海底争端分庭根据本部分及其有关的附件，对以下各类有关 “区域”内活动的争端应有管辖权：
(a) disputes between States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Part and the Annexes relating thereto;	（a）缔约国之间关于本部分及其有关附件的解释或适用的争端；
(b) disputes between a State Party and the Authority concerning:	（b）缔约国与管理局之间关于下列事项的争端；
(i) acts or omissions of the Authority or of a State Party alleged to be in violation of this Part or the Annexes relating thereto or of rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority adopted in accordance therewith; or	（1）管理局或缔约国的行为或不行为据指控违反本部分或其有关附件或按其制定的规则、规章或程序；或
(ii) acts of the Authority alleged to be in excess of jurisdiction or a misuse of power;	（2）管理局的行为据指控逾越其管辖权或滥用权力；
(c) disputes between parties to a contract, being States Parties, the Authority or the Enterprise, state enterprises and natural or juridical persons referred to in article 153, paragraph 2(b) , concerning:	（c）第一五三条第2款（b）项内所指的，作为合同当事各方的缔约国、管理局或企业部、国营企业以及自然人或法人之间关于下列事项的争端：
(i) the interpretation or application of a relevant contract or a plan of work; or	（1）对有关合同或工作计划的解释或适用；或
(ii) acts or omissions of a party to the contract relating to activities in the Area and directed to the other party or directly affecting its legitimate interests;	（2）合同当事一方在“区域”内活动方面针对另一方或直接影响其合法利益的行为或不行为；
(d) disputes between the Authority and a prospective contractor who has been sponsored by a State as provided in article 153, paragraph 2(b) , and has duly fulfilled the conditions referred to in Annex III, article 4, paragraph 6, and article 13, paragraph 2, concerning the refusal of a contract or a legal issue arising in the negotiation of the contract;	（d）管理局同按照第一五三条第2款（b）项由国家担保且已妥为履行附件三第四条第6款和第十三条第2款所指条件的未来承包者之间关于订立合同的拒绝，或谈判合同时发生的法律问题的争端；
(e) disputes between the Authority and a State Party, a state enterprise or a natural or juridical person sponsored by a State Party as provided for in article 153, paragraph 2(b) , where it is alleged that the Authority has incurred liability as provided in Annex III, article 22;	（e）管理局同缔约国、国营企业或按照第一五三条第2款（b）项由缔约国担保的自然人或法人之间关于指控管理局应依附件三第二十二条的规定负担赔偿责任的争端；
(f) any other disputes for which the jurisdiction of the Chamber is specifically provided in this Convention.	（f）本公约具体规定由分庭管辖的任何争端。
Article 188	第一八八条
Submission of disputes to a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the Seabed Disputes Chamber or to binding commercial arbitration	争端提交国际海洋法法庭特别分庭或海底争端分庭专案分庭或提交有拘束力的商业仲裁
1. Disputes between States Parties referred to in article 187, subparagraph (a) , may be submitted:	1．第一八七第（a）项所指各缔约国间的争端可：
(a) at the request of the parties to the dispute, to a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to be formed in accordance with Annex VI, articles 15 and 17; or	（a）应争端各方的请求，提交按照附件六第十五和第十七条成立的国际海洋法法庭特别分庭；或
(b) at the request of any party to the dispute, to an ad hoc chamber of the Seabed Disputes Chamber to be formed in accordance with Annex VI, article 36.	（b）应争端任何一方的请示，提交按照附件六第三十六条成立的海底争端分庭专案分庭。
2. (a) Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of a contract referred to in article 187, subparagraph (c) (i) , shall be submitted, at the request of any party to the dispute, to binding commercial arbitration, unless the parties otherwise agree.	2．（a）有关第一八七条（c）项（1）目内所指合同的解释或适用的争端，经争端任何一方请求，应提交有拘束力的商业仲裁，除非争端各方另有协议。
A commercial arbitral tribunal to which the dispute is submitted shall have no jurisdiction to decide any question of interpretation of this Convention.	争端所提交的商业仲裁法庭对决定本公约的任何解释问题不具有管辖权。
When the dispute also involves a question of the interpretation of Part XI and the Annexes relating thereto, with respect to activities in the Area, that question shall be referred to the Seabed Disputes Chamber for a ruling.	如果争端也涉及关于“区域”内活动的第十一部分及其有关附件的解释问题，则应将该问题提交海底争端分庭裁定；
(b) If, at the commencement of or in the course of such arbitration, the arbitral tribunal determines, either at the request of any party to the dispute or proprio motu, that its decision depends upon a ruling of the Seabed Disputes Chamber, the arbitral tribunal shall refer such question to the Seabed Disputes Chamber for such ruling.	（b）在此种仲裁开始时或进行过程中，如果仲裁法庭经争端任何一方请求，或根据自己决定，断定其裁决须取决于海底争端分庭的裁定，则仲裁法庭应将此种问题提交海底争端分庭裁定。
The arbitral tribunal shall then proceed to render its award in conformity with the ruling of the Seabed Disputes Chamber.	然后，仲裁法庭应依照海底争端分庭的裁定作出裁决；
(c) In the absence of a provision in the contract on the arbitration procedure to be applied in the dispute, the arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules or such other arbitration rules as may be prescribed in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree.	（c）在合同没有规定此种争端所应适用的仲裁程序的情形下，除非争端各方另有协议，仲裁应按照联合国国际贸易法委员会的仲裁规则，或管理局的规则、规章和程序中所规定的其他这种仲裁规则进行。
Article 189	第一八九条
Limitation on jurisdiction with regard to decisions of the Authority	在管理局所作决定方面管辖权的限制
The Seabed Disputes Chamber shall have no jurisdiction with regard to the exercise by the Authority of its discretionary powers in accordance with this Part; in no case shall it substitute its discretion for that of the Authority.	海底争端分庭对管理局按照本部分规定行使斟酌决定权应无管辖权；在任何情形下，均不应以其斟酌决定权代替管理局的斟酌决定权。
Without prejudice to article 191, in exercising its jurisdiction pursuant to article 187, the Seabed Disputes Chamber shall not pronounce itself on the question of whether any rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority are in conformity with this Convention, nor declare invalid any such rules, regulations and procedures.	在不妨害第一九一条的情形下，海底争端分庭依据第一八七条行使其管辖权时，不应对管理局的任何规则、规章和程序是否符合本公约的问题表示意见，也不应宣布任何此种规则、规章和程序为无效。
Its jurisdiction in this regard shall be confined to deciding claims that the application of any rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority in individual cases would be in conflict with the contractual obligations of the parties to the dispute or their obligations under this Convention, claims concerning excess of jurisdiction or misuse of power, and to claims for damages to be paid or other remedy to be given to the party concerned for the failure of the other party to comply with its contractual obligations or its obligations under this Convention.	分庭在这方面的管辖权应限于就管理局的任何规则、规章和程序适用于个别案件将同争端各方的合同上义务或其在本公约下的义务相抵触的主张，就逾越管辖权或滥用权力的主张，以及就一方未履行其合同上义务或其在本公约下的义务而应给予有关另一方损害赔偿或其他补救的要求，作出决定。
Article 190	第一九〇条
Participation and appearance of sponsoring States Parties in proceedings	担保缔约国的参加程序和出庭
1. If a natural or juridical person is a party to a dispute referred to in article 187, the sponsoring State shall be given notice thereof and shall have the right to participate in the proceedings by submitting written or oral statements.	1．如自然人或法人为第一八七条所指争端的一方，应将此事通知其担保国，该国应有权以提出书面或口头陈述的方式参加司法程序。
2. If an action is brought against a State Party by a natural or juridical person sponsored by another State Party in a dispute referred to in article 187, subparagraph (c) , the respondent State may request the State sponsoring that person to appear in the proceedings on behalf of that person.	2．如果一个缔约国担保的自然人或法人在第一八七条（c）项所指的争端中对另一缔约国提出诉讼，被告国可请担保该人的国家代表该人出庭。
Failing such appearance, the respondent State may arrange to be represented by a juridical person of its nationality.	如果不能出庭，被告国可安排属其国籍的法人代表该国出庭。
Article 191	第一九一条
Advisory opinions	咨询意见
The Seabed Disputes Chamber shall give advisory opinions at the request of the Assembly or the Council on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities.	海底争端分庭经大会或理事会请求，应对它们活动范围内发生的法律问题提出咨询意见。
Such opinions shall be given as a matter of urgency.	这种咨询意见应作为紧急事项提出。
PART XII	第十二部分
PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT	海洋环境的保护和保全
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 192	第一九二条
General obligation	一般义务
States have the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment.	各国有保护和保全海洋环境的义务。
Article 193	第一九三条
Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources	各国开发其自然资源的主权权利
States have the sovereign right to exploit their natural resources pursuant to their environmental policies and in accordance with their duty to protect and preserve the marine environment.	各国有依据其环境政策和按照其保护和保全海洋环境的职责开发其自然资源的主权权利。
Article 194	第一九四条
Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment	防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的措施
1. States shall take, individually or jointly as appropriate, all measures consistent with this Convention that are necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from any source, using for this purpose the best practicable means at their disposal and in accordance with their capabilities, and they shall endeavour to harmonize their policies in this connection.	1．各国应适当情形下个别或联合地采取一切符合本公约的必要措施，防止、减少和控制任何来源的海洋环境污染，为此目的，按照其能力使用其所掌握的最切实可行方法，并应在这方面尽力协调它们的政策。
2. States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that activities under their jurisdiction or control are so conducted as not to cause damage by pollution to other States and their environment, and that pollution arising from incidents or activities under their jurisdiction or control does not spread beyond the areas where they exercise sovereign rights in accordance with this Convention.	2．各国应采取一切必要措施，确保在其管辖或控制下的活动的进行不致使其他国家及其环境遭受污染的损害，并确保在其管辖或控制范围内的事件或活动所造成的污染不致扩大到其按照本公约行使主权权利的区域之外。
3. The measures taken pursuant to this Part shall deal with all sources of pollution of the marine environment.	3．依据本部分采取的措施，应针对海洋环境的一切污染来源。
These measures shall include, inter alia, those designed to minimize to the fullest possible extent:	这些措施，除其他外，应包括旨在在最大可能范围内尽量减少下列污染的措施：
(a) the release of toxic, harmful or noxious substances, especially those which are persistent, from land-based sources, from or through the atmosphere or by dumping;	（a）从陆上来源、从大气层或通过大气层或由于倾倒而放出的有毒、有害或有碍健康的物质，特别是持久不变的物质；
(b) pollution from vessels, in particular measures for preventing accidents and dealing with emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, preventing intentional and unintentional discharges, and regulating the design, construction, equipment, operation and manning of vessels;	（b）来自船只的污染，特别是为了防止意外事件和处理紧急情况，保证海上操作安全，防止故意和无意的排放，以及规定船只的设计、建造、装备、操作和人员配备的措施；
(c) pollution from installations and devices used in exploration or exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil, in particular measures for preventing accidents and dealing with emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, and regulating the design, construction, equipment, operation and manning of such installations or devices;	（c）来自在用于勘探或开发海床和底土的自然资源的设施装置的污染，特别是为了防止意外事件和处理紧急情况，保证海上操作安全，以及规定这些设施或装置的设计、建造、装备、操作和人员配备的措施；
(d) pollution from other installations and devices operating in the marine environment, in particular measures for preventing accidents and dealing with emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, and regulating the design, construction, equipment, operation and manning of such installations or devices.	（d）来自在海洋环境内操作的其他设施和装置的污染，特别是为了防止意外事件和处理紧急情况，保证海上操作安全，以及规定这些设施或装置的设计、建造、装备、操作和人员配备的措施。
4. In taking measures to prevent, reduce or control pollution of the marine environment, States shall refrain from unjustifiable interference with activities carried out by other States in the exercise of their rights and in pursuance of their duties in conformity with this Convention.	4．各国采取措施防止、减少或控制海洋环境的污染时，不应对其他国家依照本公约行使其权利并履行其义务所进行的活动有不当的干扰。
5. The measures taken in accordance with this Part shall include those necessary to protect and preserve rare or fragile ecosystems as well as the habitat of depleted, threatened or endangered species and other forms of marine life.	5．按照本部分采取的措施，应包括为保护和保全稀有或脆弱的生态系统，以及衰竭、受威胁或有灭绝危险的物种和其他形式的海洋生物的生存环境，而有很必要的措施。
Article 195	第一九五条
Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another	不将损害或危险转移或将一种污染转变成另一种污染的义务
In taking measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment, States shall act so as not to transfer, directly or indirectly, damage or hazards from one area to another or transform one type of pollution into another.	各国在采取措施防止、减少和控制海洋环境的污染时采取的行动不应直接或间接将损害或危险从一个区域转移到另一个区域，或将一种污染转变成另一种污染。
Article 196	第一九六条
Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species	技术的使用或外来的或新的物种的引进
1. States shall take all measures necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment resulting from the use of technologies under their jurisdiction or control, or the intentional or accidental introduction of species, alien or new, to a particular part of the marine environment, which may cause significant and harmful changes thereto.	1．各国应采取一切必要措施以防止、减少和控制由于在其管辖或控制下使用技术而造成的海洋环境污染，或由于故意或偶然在海洋环境某一特定部分引进外来的或新的物种致使海洋环境可能发生重大和有害的变化。
2. This article does not affect the application of this Convention regarding the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment.	2．本条不影响本公约对防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的适用。
SECTION 2. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION	第二节 全球性和区域性合作
Article 197	第一九七条
Cooperation on a global or regional basis	在全球性或区域性的基础上的合作
States shall cooperate on a global basis and, as appropriate, on a regional basis, directly or through competent international organizations, in formulating and elaborating international rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures consistent with this Convention, for the protection and preservation of the marine environment, taking into account characteristic regional features.	各国在为保护和保全海洋环境而拟订和制订符合本公约的国际规则、标准和建议的办法及程序时，应在全球性的基础上或在区域性的基础上，直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作，同时考虑到区域的特点。
Article 198	第一九八条
Notification of imminent or actual damage	即将发生的损害或实际损害的通知
When a State becomes aware of cases in which the marine environment is in imminent danger of being damaged or has been damaged by pollution, it shall immediately notify other States it deems likely to be affected by such damage, as well as the competent international organizations.	当一国获知海洋环境有即将遭受污染损害的迫切危险或已经遭受污染损害的情况时，应立即通知其认为可能受这种损害影响的其他国家以及各主管国际组织。
Article 199	第一九九条
Contingency plans against pollution	对污染的应急计划
In the cases referred to in article 198, States in the area affected, in accordance with their capabilities, and the competent international organizations shall cooperate, to the extent possible, in eliminating the effects of pollution and preventing or minimizing the damage.	在第一九八条所指的情形下，受影响区域的各国，应按照其能力，与各主管国际组织尽可能进行合作，以消除污染的影响并防止或尽量减少损害。
To this end, States shall jointly develop and promote contingency plans for responding to pollution incidents in the marine environment.	为此目的，各国应共同发展和促进各种应急计划，以应付海洋环境的污染事故。
Article 200	第二〇〇条
Studies, research programmes and exchange of information and data	研究、研究方案及情报和资料的交换
States shall cooperate, directly or through competent international organizations, for the purpose of promoting studies, undertaking programmes of scientific research and encouraging the exchange of information and data acquired about pollution of the marine environment.	各国应直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作，以促进研究、实施科学研究方案、并鼓励交换所取得的关于海洋环境污染的情报和资料。
They shall endeavour to participate actively in regional and global programmes to acquire knowledge for the assessment of the nature and extent of pollution, exposure to it, and its pathways, risks and remedies.	各国应尽力积极参加区域性和全球性方案，以取得有关鉴定污染的性质和范围、面临污染的情况以及其通过的途径、危险和补救办法的知识。
Article 201	第二〇一条
Scientific criteria for regulations	规章的科学标准
In the light of the information and data acquired pursuant to article 200, States shall cooperate, directly or through competent international organizations, in establishing appropriate scientific criteria for the formulation and elaboration of rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment.	各国应参照依据第二〇〇条取得的情报和资料，直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作，订立适当的科学准则，以便拟订和制订防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的规则、标准和建议的办法及程序。
SECTION 3. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE	第三节 技术援助
Article 202	第二〇二条
Scientific and technical assistance to developing States	对发展中国家的科学和技术援助
States shall, directly or through competent international organizations:	各国应直接或通过主管国际组织：
(a) promote programmes of scientific, educational, technical and other assistance to developing States for the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution.	（a）促进对发展中国家的科学、教育、技术和其他方面援助的方案，以保护和保全海洋环境，并防止、减少和控制海洋污染。
Such assistance shall include, inter alia:	这种援助，除其他外，应包括：
(i) training of their scientific and technical personnel;	（1）训练其科学和技术人员；
(ii) facilitating their participation in relevant international programmes;	（2）便利其参加有关的国际方案；
(iii) supplying them with necessary equipment and facilities;	（3）向其提供必要的装备和便利；
(iv) enhancing their capacity to manufacture such equipment;	（4）提高其制造这种装备的能力；
(v) advice on and developing facilities for research, monitoring, educational and other programmes;	（5）就研究、监测、教育和其他方案提供意见并发展设施。
(b) provide appropriate assistance, especially to developing States, for the minimization of the effects of major incidents which may cause serious pollution of the marine environment;	（b）提供适当的援助，特别是对发展中国家，以尽量减少可能对海洋环境造成严重严重污染的重大事故的影响。
(c) provide appropriate assistance, especially to developing States, concerning the preparation of environmental assessments.	（c）提供关于编制环境评价的适当援助，特别是对发展中国家。
Article 203	第二〇三条
Preferential treatment for developing States	对发展中国家的优惠待遇
Developing States shall, for the purposes of prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment or minimization of its effects, be granted preference by international organizations in:	为了防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染或尽量减少其影响的目的，发展中国家应在下列事项上获得各国际组织的优惠待遇：
(a) the allocation of appropriate funds and technical assistance; and	（a）有关款项和技术援助的分配；和
(b) the utilization of their specialized services.	（b）对各该组织专门服务的利用。
SECTION 4. MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	第四节 监测和环境评价
Article 204	第二〇四条
Monitoring of the risks or effects of pollution	对污染危险或影响的监测
1. States shall, consistent with the rights of other States, endeavour, as far as practicable, directly or through the competent international organizations, to observe, measure, evaluate and analyse, by recognized scientific methods, the risks or effects of pollution of the marine environment.	1．各国应在符合其他国家权利的情形下，在实际可行范围内，尽力直接或通过各主管国际组织，用公认的科学方法观察、测算、估计和分析海洋环境污染的危险或影响。
2. In particular, States shall keep under surveillance the effects of any activities which they permit or in which they engage in order to determine whether these activities are likely to pollute the marine environment.	2．各国特别应不断监视其所准许或从事的任何活动的影响，以便确定这些活动是否可能污染海洋环境。
Article 205	第二〇五条
Publication of reports	报告的发表
States shall publish reports of the results obtained pursuant to article 204 or provide such reports at appropriate intervals to the competent international organizations, which should make them available to all States.	各国应发表依据第二〇四条所取得的结果的报告，或每隔相当期间向主管国际组织提出这种报告，各该组织应将上述报告提供所有国家。
Article 206	第二〇六条
Assessment of potential effects of activities	对各种活动的可能影响的评价
When States have reasonable grounds for believing that planned activities under their jurisdiction or control may cause substantial pollution of or significant and harmful changes to the marine environment, they shall, as far as practicable, assess the potential effects of such activities on the marine environment and shall communicate reports of the results of such assessments in the manner provided in article 205.	各国如有合理根据认为在其管辖或控制下的计划中的活动可能对海洋环境造成重大污染或重大和有害的变化，应在实际可行范围内就这种活动对海洋环境的可能影响作出评价，并应依照第二〇五条规定的方式提送这些评价结果的报告。
SECTION 5. INTERNATIONAL RULES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION TO PREVENT, REDUCE AND CONTROL POLLUTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT	第五节 防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法
Article 207	第二〇七条
Pollution from land-based sources	陆地来源的污染
1. States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from land-based sources, including rivers, estuaries, pipelines and outfall structures, taking into account internationally agreed rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures.	1．各国应制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制陆地来源，包括河流、河口湾、管道和排水口结构对海洋环境的污染，同时考虑到国际上议定的规则、标准和建议的办法及程序。
2. States shall take other measures as may be necessary to prevent, reduce and control such pollution.	2．各国应采取其他可能必要的措施，以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
3. States shall endeavour to harmonize their policies in this connection at the appropriate regional level.	3．各国应尽力在适当的区域一级协调其在这方面的政策。
4. States, acting especially through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference, shall endeavour to establish global and regional rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from land-based sources, taking into account characteristic regional features, the economic capacity of developing States and their need for economic development.	4．各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动，尽力制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序，以防止、减少和控制这种污染，同时考虑到区域的特点，发展中国家的经济能力及其经济发展的需要。
Such rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures shall be re-examined from time to time as necessary.	这种规则、标准和建议的办法及程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
5. Laws, regulations, measures, rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 shall include those designed to minimize, to the fullest extent possible, the release of toxic, harmful or noxious substances, especially those which are persistent, into the marine environment.	5．第1、第2和第4款提及的法律、规章、措施、规则、标准和建议的办法及程序，应包括旨在在最大可能范围内尽量减少有毒、有害或有碍健康的物质，特别是持久不变的物质，排放在海洋环境的各种规定。
Article 208	第二〇八条
Pollution from seabed activities subject to national jurisdiction	国家管辖的海底活动造成的污染
1 Coastal States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment arising from or in connection with seabed activities subject to their jurisdiction and from artificial islands, installations and structures under their jurisdiction, pursuant to articles 60 and 80.	1．沿海国应制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制来自受其管辖的海底活动或与此种活动有关的对海洋环境的污染以及来自依据第六十和第八十条在其管辖下的人工岛屿、设施和结构对海洋环境的污染。
2. States shall take other measures as may be necessary to prevent, reduce and control such pollution.	2．各国应采取其他可能必要的措施，以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
3. Such laws, regulations and measures shall be no less effective than international rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures.	3．这种法律、规章和措施的效力应不低于国际规则、标准和建议的办法及程序。
4. States shall endeavour to harmonize their policies in this connection at the appropriate regional level.	4．各国应尽力在适当的区域一级协调其在这方面的政策。
5. States, acting especially through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference, shall establish global and regional rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment referred to in paragraph l. Such rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures shall be re-examined from time to time as necessary.	5．各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动，制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序，以防止、减省控制第1款所指的海洋环境污染。 这种规则、标准和建议的办法及程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
Article 209	第二〇九条
Pollution from activities in the Area	来自“区域”内活动的污染
1. International rules, regulations and procedures shall be established in accordance with Part XI to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from activities in the Area.	1．为了防止、减少和控制“区域”内活动对海洋环境的污染，应按照第十一部分制订国际规则、规章和程序。
Such rules, regulations and procedures shall be re-examined from time to time as necessary.	这种规则、规章和程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
2. Subject to the relevant provisions of this section, States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from activities in the Area undertaken by vessels, installations, structures and other devices flying their flag or of their registry or operating under their authority, as the case may be.	2．在本节有关规定的限制下，各国应制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制由悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记或在其权力下经营的船只、设施、结构和其他装置所进行的“区域”内活动造成对海洋环境的污染。
The requirements of such laws and regulations shall be no less effective than the international rules, regulations and procedures referred to in paragraph 1.	这种法律和规章的要求的效力应不低于第1款所指的国际规则、规章和程序。
Article 210	第二一〇条
Pollution by dumping	倾倒造成的污染
1. States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment by dumping.	1．各国应制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制倾倒对海洋环境的污染。
2. States shall take other measures as may be necessary to prevent, reduce and control such pollution.	2．各国应采取其他可能必要的措施，以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
3. Such laws, regulations and measures shall ensure that dumping is not carried out without the permission of the competent authorities of States.	3．这种法律、规章和措施应确保非经各国主管当局准许，不进行倾倒。
4. States, acting especially through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference, shall endeavour to establish global and regional rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures to prevent, reduce and control such pollution.	4．各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动，尽力制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序，以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
Such rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures shall be re-examined from time to time as necessary.	这种规则、标准和建议的办法及程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
5. Dumping within the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone or onto the continental shelf shall not be carried out without the express prior approval of the coastal State, which has the right to permit, regulate and control such dumping after due consideration of the matter with other States which by reason of their geographical situation may be adversely affected thereby.	5．非经沿海国事前明示核准，不应在领海和专属经济区内或在大陆架上进行倾倒，沿海国经与由于地理处理可能受倾倒不利影响的其他国家适当审议此事后，有权准许、规定和控制的这种倾倒。
6. National laws, regulations and measures shall be no less effective in preventing, reducing and controlling such pollution than the global rules and standards.	6．国内法律、规章和措施在防止、减少和控制这种污染方面的效力应不低于全球性规则和标准。
Article 211	第二一一条
Pollution from vessels	来自船只的污染
1. States, acting through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference, shall establish international rules and standards to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from vessels and promote the adoption, in the same manner, wherever appropriate, of routeing systems designed to minimize the threat of accidents which might cause pollution of the marine environment, including the coastline, and pollution damage to the related interests of coastal States.	1．各国应通过主管国际组织或一般外交会议采取行动，制订国际规则和标准，以防止、减少和控制船只对海洋环境的污染，并于适当情形下，以同样方式促进对划定航线制度的采用，以期尽量减少可能对海洋环境，包括对海岸造成污染和对沿海国的有关利益可能造成污染损害的意外事件的威胁。
Such rules and standards shall, in the same manner, be re-examined from time to time as necessary.	这种规则和标准应根据需要随时以同样方式重新审查。
2. States shall adopt laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment from vessels flying their flag or of their registry.	2．各国应制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记的船只对海洋环境的污染。
Such laws and regulations shall at least have the same effect as that of generally accepted international rules and standards established through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference.	这种法律和规章至少应具有与通过主管国际组织或一般外交会议制订的一般接受的国际规则和标准相同的效力。
3. States which establish particular requirements for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment as a condition for the entry of foreign vessels into their ports or internal waters or for a call at their off-shore terminals shall give due publicity to such requirements and shall communicate them to the competent international organization.	3．各国如制订关于防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的特别规定作为外国船只进入其港口或内水或在其岸外设施停靠的条件，应将这种规定妥为公布，并通知主管国际组织。
Whenever such requirements are established in identical form by two or more coastal States in an endeavour to harmonize policy, the communication shall indicate which States are participating in such cooperative arrangements.	如两个或两个以上的沿海国制订相同的规定以求协调政策，在通知时应说明哪些国家参加这种合作安排。
Every State shall require the master of a vessel flying its flag or of its registry, when navigating within the territorial sea of a State participating in such cooperative arrangements, to furnish, upon the request of that State, information as to whether it is proceeding to a State of the same region participating in such cooperative arrangements and, if so, to indicate whether it complies with the port entry requirements of that State.	每个国家应规定悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记的船只的船长在参加这种合作安排的国家的领海内航行时，经该国要求应向其提送通知是否正驶往参加这种合作安排的同一区域的国家，如系驶往这种国家，应说明是否遵守该国关于进入港口的规定。
This article is without prejudice to the continued exercise by a vessel of its right of innocent passage or to the application of article 25, paragraph 2.	本条不妨害船只继续行使其无害通过权，也不妨害第二十五条第2款的适用。
4. Coastal States may, in the exercise of their sovereignty within their territorial sea, adopt laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution from foreign vessels, including vessels exercising the right of innocent passage.	4．沿海国在其领海内行使主权，可制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制外国船只，包括行使无害通过权的船只对海洋的污染。
Such laws and regulations shall, in accordance with Part II, section 3, not hamper innocent passage of foreign vessels.	按照第二部分第三节的规定，这种法律和规章不应阻碍外国船只的无害通过。
5. Coastal States, for the purpose of enforcement as provided for in section 6, may in respect of their exclusive economic zones adopt laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels conforming to and giving effect to generally accepted international rules and standards established through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference.	5．沿海国为第六节所规定的执行的目的，可对其专属经济区制定法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制来自船只的污染。 这种法律和规章应符合通过主管国际组织或一般外交会议制订的一般接受的国际规则和标准，并使其有效。
6. (a) Where the international rules and standards referred to in paragraph 1 are inadequate to meet special circumstances and coastal States have reasonable grounds for believing that a particular, clearly defined area of their respective exclusive economic zones is an area where the adoption of special mandatory measures for the prevention of pollution from vessels is required for recognized technical reasons in relation to its oceanographical and ecological conditions, as well as its utilization or the protection of its resources and the particular character of its traffic, the coastal States, after appropriate consultations through the competent international organization with any other States concerned, may, for that area, direct a communication to that organization, submitting scientific and technical evidence in support and information on necessary reception facilities.	6．（a）如果第1款所指的国际规则和标准不足以适应特殊情况，又如果沿海国有合理根据认为其专属经济区某一明确划定的特定区域，因与其海洋学和生态条件有关的公认技术理由，以及该区域的利用或其资源的保护及其在航运上的特殊性质，要求采取防止来自船只的污染的特别强制性措施，该沿海国通过主管国际组织与任何其他有关国家进行适当协商后，可就该区域向该组织送发通知，提出所依据的科学和技术证据，以及关于必要的回收设施的情报。
Within 12 months after receiving such a communication, the organization shall determine whether the conditions in that area correspond to the requirements set out above.	该组织收到这种通知后，应在十二个月内确定该区域的情况与上述要求是否相符。
If the organization so determines, the coastal States may, for that area, adopt laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels implementing such international rules and standards or navigational practices as are made applicable, through the organization, for special areas.	如果该组织确定是符合的，该沿海国即可对该区域制定防止、减少和控制来自船只的污染的法律和规章，实施通过主管国际组织使其适用于各特别区域的国际规则和标准或航行办法。
These laws and regulations shall not become applicable to foreign vessels until 15 months after the submission of the communication to the organization.	在向该组织送发通知满十五个月后，这些法律和规章才可适用于外国船只；
(b) The coastal States shall publish the limits of any such particular, clearly defined area.	（b）沿海国应公布任何这种明确划定的特定区域的界限；
(c) If the coastal States intend to adopt additional laws and regulations for the same area for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels, they shall, when submitting the aforesaid communication, at the same time notify the organization thereof.	（c）如果沿海国有意为同一区域制定其他法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制来自船只的污染，它们应于提出上述通知时，同时将这一意向通知该组织。
Such additional laws and regulations may relate to discharges or navigational practices but shall not require foreign vessels to observe design, construction, manning or equipment standards other than generally accepted international rules and standards; they shall become applicable to foreign vessels 15 months after the submission of the communication to the organization, provided that the organization agrees within 12 months after the submission of the communication.	这种增订的法律和规章可涉及排放和航行办法，但不应要求外国船只遵守一般接受的国际规则和标准以外的设计、建造、人员配备或装备标准；这种法律和规章应在向该组织送发通知十五个月后适用于外国船只，但须在送发通知后十二个月内该组织表示同意。
7. The international rules and standards referred to in this article should include inter alia those relating to prompt notification to coastal States, whose coastline or related interests may be affected by incidents, including maritime casualties, which involve discharges or probability of discharges.	7．本条所指的国际规则和标准，除其他外，应包括遇有引起排放或排放可能的海难等事故时，立即通知其海岸或有关利益可能受到影响的沿海国的义务。
Article 212	第二一二条
Pollution from or through the atmosphere	来自大气层或通过大气层的污染
1. States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from or through the atmosphere, applicable to the air space under their sovereignty and to vessels flying their flag or vessels or aircraft of their registry, taking into account internationally agreed rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures and the safety of air navigation.	1．各国为防止、减少和控制来自大气层或通过大气层的海洋环境污染，应制定适用于在其主权下的上空和悬挂其旗帜的船只或在其国内登记的船只或飞机的法律和规章，同时考虑到国际上议定的规则、标准和建议的办法及程序，以及航空的安全。
2. States shall take other measures as may be necessary to prevent, reduce and control such pollution.	2．各国应采取其他可能必要的措施，以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
3. States, acting especially through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference, shall endeavour to establish global and regional rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures to prevent, reduce and control such pollution.	3．各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动，尽力制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序，以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
SECTION 6. ENFORCEMENT	第六节 执行
Article 213	第二一三条
Enforcement with respect to pollution from land-based sources	关于陆地来源的污染的执行
States shall enforce their laws and regulations adopted in accordance with article 207 and shall adopt laws and regulations and take other measures necessary to implement applicable international rules and standards established through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from land-based sources.	各国应执行其按照第二〇七条制定的法律和规章，并应制定法律和规章和采取其他必要措施，以实施通过主管国际组织或外交会议为防止、减少和控制陆地来源对海洋环境的污染而制订的可适用的国际规则和标准。
Article 214	第二一四条
Enforcement with respect to pollution from seabed activities	关于来自海底活动的污染的执行
States shall enforce their laws and regulations adopted in accordance with article 208 and shall adopt laws and regulations and take other measures necessary to implement applicable international rules and standards established through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment arising from or in connection with seabed activities subject to their jurisdiction and from artificial islands, installations and structures under their jurisdiction, pursuant to articles 60 and 80.	各国为防止、减少和控制来自受其管辖的海底活动或与此种活动有关的对海洋环境的污染以及来自依据第六十和第八十条在其管辖下的人工岛屿、设施和结构对海洋环境的污染，应执行其按照第二〇八条制定的法律和规章，并应制定必要的法律和规章和采取其他必要措施，以实施通过主管国际组织或外交会议制订的可适用的国际规则和标准。
Article 215	第二一五条
Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area	关于来自“区域”内活动的污染的执行
Enforcement of international rules, regulations and procedures established in accordance with Part XI to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from activities in the Area shall be governed by that Part.	为了防止、减少和控制“区域”内活动对海洋环境的污染而按照第十一部分制订的国际规则、规章和程序，其执行应受该部分支配。
Article 216	第二一六条
Enforcement with respect to pollution by dumping	关于倾倒造成污染的执行
1. Laws and regulations adopted in accordance with this Convention and applicable international rules and standards established through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment by dumping shall be enforced:	1．为了防止、减少和控制倾倒对海洋环境的污染而按照本公约制定的法律和规章，以及通过主管国际组织或外交会议制订的可适用的国际规则和标准，应依下列规定执行：
(a) by the coastal State with regard to dumping within its territorial sea or its exclusive economic zone or onto its continental shelf;	（a）对于在沿海国领海或其专属经济区内或在其大陆架上的倾倒，应由该沿海国执行；
(b) by the flag State with regard to vessels flying its flag or vessels or aircraft of its registry;	（b）对于悬挂旗籍国旗帜的船只或在其国内登记的船只和飞机，应由该旗籍国执行；
(c) by any State with regard to acts of loading of wastes or other matter occurring within its territory or at its off-shore terminals.	（c）对于在任何国家领土内或在其岸外设施装载废料或其他物质的行为，应由该国执行。
2. No State shall be obliged by virtue of this article to institute proceedings when another State has already instituted proceedings in accordance with this article.	2．本条不应使任何国家承担提起司法程序的义务，如果另一国已按照本条提起这种程序。
Article 217	第二一七条
Enforcement by flag States	船旗国的执行
1. States shall ensure compliance by vessels flying their flag or of their registry with applicable international rules and standards, established through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference, and with their laws and regulations adopted in accordance with this Convention for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment from vessels and shall accordingly adopt laws and regulations and take other measures necessary for their implementation.	1．各国应确保悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记的船只，遵守为防止、减少和控制来自船只的海洋环境污染而通过主管国际组织或一般外交会议制订的可适用的国际规则和标准以及各该国按照本公约制定的法律和规章，并应为此制定法律和规章和采取其他必要措施，以实施这种规则、标准、法律和规章。
Flag States shall provide for the effective enforcement of such rules, standards, laws and regulations, irrespective of where a violation occurs.	船旗国应作出规定使这种规则、标准、法律和规章得到有效执行，不论违反行为在何处发生。
2. States shall, in particular, take appropriate measures in order to ensure that vessels flying their flag or of their registry are prohibited from sailing, until they can proceed to sea in compliance with the requirements of the international rules and standards referred to in paragraph 1, including requirements in respect of design, construction, equipment and manning of vessels.	2．各国特别应采取适当措施，以确保悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记的船只，在能遵守第1款所指的国际规则和标准的规定，包括关于船只的设计、建造、装备和人员配备的规定以前，禁止其出海航行。
3. States shall ensure that vessels flying their flag or of their registry carry on board certificates required by and issued pursuant to international rules and standards referred to in paragraph 1.	3．各国应确保悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记的船只在船上持有第1款所指的国际规则和标准所规定并依据该规则和标准颁发的各种证书。
States shall ensure that vessels flying their flag are periodically inspected in order to verify that such certificates are in conformity with the actual condition of the vessels.	各国应确保悬挂其旗帜的船只受到定期检查，以证实这些证书与船只的实际情况相符。
These certificates shall be accepted by other States as evidence of the condition of the vessels and shall be regarded as having the same force as certificates issued by them, unless there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the vessel does not correspond substantially with the particulars of the certificates.	其他国家应接受这些证书，作为船只情况的证据，并应将这些证书视为与其本国所发的证书具有相同效力，除非有明显根据认为船只的情况与证书所载各节有重大不符。
4. If a vessel commits a violation of rules and standards established through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference, the flag State, without prejudice to articles 218, 220 and 228, shall provide for immediate investigation and where appropriate institute proceedings in respect of the alleged violation irrespective of where the violation occurred or where the pollution caused by such violation has occurred or has been spotted.	4．如果船只违反通过主管国际组织或一般外交会议制订的规则和标准，船旗国在不妨害第二一八、第二二〇和第二二八条的情形下，应设法立即进行调查，并在适当情形下应对被指控的违反行为提起司法程序，不论违反行为在何处发生，也不论这种违反行为所造成的污染在何处发生或发现。
5. Flag States conducting an investigation of the violation may request the assistance of any other State whose cooperation could be useful in clarifying the circumstances of the case.	5．船旗国调查违反行为时，可向提供合作能有助于澄清案件情况的任何其他国家请求协助。
States shall endeavour to meet appropriate requests of flag States.	各国应尽力满足船旗国的适当请求。
6. States shall, at the written request of any State, investigate any violation alleged to have been committed by vessels flying their flag.	6．各国经任何国家的书面请求，应对悬挂其旗帜的船只被指控所犯的任何违反行为进行调查。
If satisfied that sufficient evidence is available to enable proceedings to be brought in respect of the alleged violation, flag States shall without delay institute such proceedings in accordance with their laws.	船旗国如认为有充分证据可对被指控的违反行为提起司法程序，应毫不迟延地按照其法律提起这种程序。
7. Flag States shall promptly inform the requesting State and the competent international organization of the action taken and its outcome.	7．船旗国应将所采取行动及其结果迅速通知请求国和主管国际组织。
Such information shall be available to all States.	所有国家应能得到这种情报。
8. Penalties provided for by the laws and regulations of States for vessels flying their flag shall be adequate in severity to discourage violations wherever they occur.	8．各国的法律和规章对悬挂其旗帜的船只所规定的处罚应足够严厉，以防阻违反行为在任何地方发生。
Article 218	第二一八条
Enforcement by port States	港口国的执行
1. When a vessel is voluntarily within a port or at an off-shore terminal of a State, that State may undertake investigations and, where the evidence so warrants, institute proceedings in respect of any discharge from that vessel outside the internal waters, territorial sea or exclusive economic zone of that State in violation of applicable international rules and standards established through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference.	1．当船只自愿位于一国港口或岸外设施时，该国可对该船违反通过主管国际组织或一般外交会议制订的可适用的国际规则和标准在该国内水、领海或专属经济区外的任何排放进行调查，并可在有充分证据的情形下，提起司法程序。
2. No proceedings pursuant to paragraph 1 shall be instituted in respect of a discharge violation in the internal waters, territorial sea or exclusive economic zone of another State unless requested by that State, the flag State, or a State damaged or threatened by the discharge violation, or unless the violation has caused or is likely to cause pollution in the internal waters, territorial sea or exclusive economic zone of the State instituting the proceedings.	2．对于在另一国内水、领海或专属经济区内发生的违章排放行为，除非经该国、船旗国或受违章排放行为损害或威胁的国家请求，或者违反行为已对或可能对提起司法程序的国家内水、领海或专属经济区造成污染，不应依据第1款提起司法程序。
3. When a vessel is voluntarily within a port or at an off-shore terminal of a State, that State shall, as far as practicable, comply with requests from any State for investigation of a discharge violation referred to in paragraph 1, believed to have occurred in, caused, or threatened damage to the internal waters, territorial sea or exclusive economic zone of the requesting State. It shall likewise, as far as practicable, comply with requests from the flag State for investigation of such a violation, irrespective of where the violation occurred.	3．当船只自愿位于一国港口或岸外设施时，该国应在实际可行范围内满足任何国家因认为第1款所指的违章排放行为已在其内水、领海或专属经济区内发生，对其内水、领海或专属经济区已造成损害或有损害的威胁而提出的进行调查的请求，并且应在实际可行范围内，满足船旗国对这一违反行为所提出的进行调查的请求，不论违反行为在何处发生。
4. The records of the investigation carried out by a port State pursuant to this article shall be transmitted upon request to the flag State or to the coastal State.	4．港口国依据本条规定进行的调查的记录，如经请求，应转交船旗国或沿海国。
Any proceedings instituted by the port State on the basis of such an investigation may, subject to section 7, be suspended at the request of the coastal State when the violation has occurred within its internal waters, territorial sea or exclusive economic zone.	在第七节限制下，如果违反行为发生在沿海国的内水、领海或专属经济区内，港口国根据这种调查提起的任何司法程序，经该沿海国请求可暂停进行。
The evidence and records of the case, together with any bond or other financial security posted with the authorities of the port State, shall in that event be transmitted to the coastal State.	案件的证据和记录，连同缴交港口国当局的任何保证书或其他财政担保，应在这种情形下转交给该沿海国。
Such transmittal shall preclude the continuation of proceedings in the port State.	转交后，在港口国即不应继续进行司法程序。
Article 219	第二一九条
Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution	关于船只适航条件的避免污染措施
Subject to section 7, States which, upon request or on their own initiative, have ascertained that a vessel within one of their ports or at one of their off-shore terminals is in violation of applicable international rules and standards relating to seaworthiness of vessels and thereby threatens damage to the marine environment shall, as far as practicable, take administrative measures to prevent the vessel from sailing.	在第七节限制下，各国如经请求或出于自己主动，已查明在港口或岸外设施的船只违反关于船只适航条件的可适用的国际规则和标准从而有损害海洋环境的威胁，应在实际可行范围内采取行政措施以阻止该船航行。
Such States may permit the vessel to proceed only to the nearest appropriate repair yard and, upon removal of the causes of the violation, shall permit the vessel to continue immediately.	这种国家可准许该船仅驶往最近的适当修船厂，并应于违反行为的原因消除后，准许该船立即继续航行。
Article 220	第二二〇条
Enforcement by coastal States	沿海国的执行
1. When a vessel is voluntarily within a port or at an off-shore terminal of a State, that State may, subject to section 7, institute proceedings in respect of any violation of its laws and regulations adopted in accordance with this Convention or applicable international rules and standards for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels when the violation has occurred within the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of that State.	1．当船只自愿位于一国港口或岸外设施时，该国对在其领海或专属经济内发生的任何违反关于防止、减少和控制船只造成的污染的该国按照本公约制定的法律和规章或可适用的国际规则和标准的行为，可在第七节限制下，提起司法程序。
2. Where there are clear grounds for believing that a vessel navigating in the territorial sea of a State has, during its passage therein, violated laws and regulations of that State adopted in accordance with this Convention or applicable international rules and standards for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels, that State, without prejudice to the application of the relevant provisions of Part II, section 3, may undertake physical inspection of the vessel relating to the violation and may, where the evidence so warrants, institute proceedings, including detention of the vessel, in accordance with its laws, subject to the provisions of section 7.	2．如有明显根据认为在一国领海内航行的船只，在通过领海时，违反关于防止、减少和控制来自船只的污染的该国按照本公约制定的法律和规章或可适用的国际规则和标准，该国在不妨害第二部分第三节有关规定的适用的情形下，可就违反行为对该船进行实际检查，并可在有充分证据时，在第七节限制下按照该国法律提起司法程序，包括对该船的拘留在内。
3. Where there are clear grounds for believing that a vessel navigating in the exclusive economic zone or the territorial sea of a State has, in the exclusive economic zone, committed a violation of applicable international rules and standards for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels or laws and regulations of that State conforming and giving effect to such rules and standards, that State may require the vessel to give information regarding its identity and port of registry, its last and its next port of call and other relevant information required to establish whether a violation has occurred.	3．如有明显根据认为在一国专属经济区或领海内航行的船只，在专属经济区内违反关于防止、减少和控制来自船只的污染的可适用的国际规则和标准或符合这种国际规则和标准并使其有效的该国的法律和规章，该国可要求该船提供关于该船的识别标志、登记港口、上次停泊和下次停泊的港口，以及其他必要的有关情报，以确定是否已有违反行为发生。
4. States shall adopt laws and regulations and take other measures so that vessels flying their flag comply with requests for information pursuant to paragraph 3.	4．各国应制定法律和规章，并采取其他措施，以使悬挂其旗帜的船只遵从依据第3款提供情报的要求。
5. Where there are clear grounds for believing that a vessel navigating in the exclusive economic zone or the territorial sea of a State has, in the exclusive economic zone, committed a violation referred to in paragraph 3 resulting in a substantial discharge causing or threatening significant pollution of the marine environment, that State may undertake physical inspection of the vessel for matters relating to the violation if the vessel has refused to give information or if the information supplied by the vessel is manifestly at variance with the evident factual situation and if the circumstances of the case justify such inspection.	5．如有明显根据认为在一国专属经济区或领海内航行的船只，在专属经济区内犯有第3款所指的违反行为而导致大量排放，对海洋环境造成重大污染或有造成重大污染的威胁，该国在该船拒不提供情报，或所提供的情报与明显的实际情况显然不符，并且依案件情况确有进行检查的理由时，可就有关违反行为的事项对该船进行实际检查。
6. Where there is clear objective evidence that a vessel navigating in the exclusive economic zone or the territorial sea of a State has, in the exclusive economic zone, committed a violation referred to in paragraph 3 resulting in a discharge causing major damage or threat of major damage to the coastline or related interests of the coastal State, or to any resources of its territorial sea or exclusive economic zone, that State may, subject to section 7, provided that the evidence so warrants, institute proceedings, including detention of the vessel, in accordance with its laws.	6．如有明显客观证据证明在一国专属经济区或领海内航行的船只，在专属经济区内犯有第3款所指的违反行为而导致排放，对沿海国的海岸或有关利益，或对其领海或专属经济区内的任何资源，造成重大损害或有造成重大损害的威胁，该国在有充分证据时，可在第七节限制下，按照该国法律提起司法程序，包括对该船的拘留在内。
7. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 6, whenever appropriate procedures have been established, either through the competent international organization or as otherwise agreed, whereby compliance with requirements for bonding or other appropriate financial security has been assured, the coastal State if bound by such procedures shall allow the vessel to proceed.	7．虽有第6款的规定，无论何时如已通过主管国际组织或另外协议制订了适当的程序，从而已经确保关于保证书或其他适当财政担保的规定得到遵守，沿海国如受这种程序的拘束，应即准许该船继续航行。
8. The provisions of paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6and 7 also apply in respect of national laws and regulations adopted pursuant to article 211, paragraph 6.	8．第3、第4、第5、第6和第7款的规定也应适用于依据第二一一条第6款制定的国内法律和规章。
Article 221	第二二一条
Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties	避免海难引起污染的措施
1. Nothing in this Part shall prejudice the right of States, pursuant to international law, both customary and conventional, to take and enforce measures beyond the territorial sea proportionate to the actual or threatened damage to protect their coastline or related interests, including fishing, from pollution or threat of pollution following upon a maritime casualty or acts relating to such a casualty, which may reasonably be expected to result in major harmful consequences.	1．本部分的任何规定不应妨害各国为保护其海岸或有关利益，包括捕鱼，免受海难或与海难有关的行动所引起，并能合理预期造成重大有害后果的污染或污染威胁，而依据国际法，不论是根据习惯还是条约，在其领海范围以外，采取和执行与实际的或可能发生的损害相称的措施的权利。
2. For the purposes of this article, "maritime casualty" means a collision of vessels, stranding or other incident of navigation, or other occurrence on board a vessel or external to it resulting in material damage or imminent threat of material damage to a vessel or cargo.	2．为本条的目的，“海难”是指船只碰撞、搁浅或其他航行事故，或船上或船外所发生对船只或船货造成重大损害或重大损害的迫切威胁的其他事故。
Article 222	第二二二条
Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere	对来自大气层或通过大气层的污染的执行
States shall enforce, within the air space under their sovereignty or with regard to vessels flying their flag or vessels or aircraft of their registry, their laws and regulations adopted in accordance with article 212, paragraph 1, and with other provisions of this Convention and shall adopt laws and regulations and take other measures necessary to implement applicable international rules and standards established through competent international organizations or diplomatic conference to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from or through the atmosphere, in conformity with all relevant international rules and standards concerning the safety of air navigation.	各国应对在其主权下的上空或悬挂其旗帜的船只或在其国内登记的船只和飞机，执行其按照第二一二条第1款和本公约其他规定制定的法律和规章，并应依照关于空中航行安全的一切有关国际规则和标准，制定法律和规章并采取其他必要措施，以实施通过主管国际组织或外交会议为防止、减少和控制来自大气层或通过大气层的海洋环境污染而制订的可适用的国际规则和标准。
SECTION 7. SAFEGUARDS	第七节 保障办法
Article 223	第二二三条
Measures to facilitate proceedings	便利司法程序的措施
In proceedings instituted pursuant to this Part, States shall take measures to facilitate the hearing of witnesses and the admission of evidence submitted by authorities of another State, or by the competent international organization, and shall facilitate the attendance at such proceedings of official representatives of the competent international organization, the flag State and any State affected by pollution arising out of any violation.	在依据本部分提起的司法程序中，各国应采取措施，便利对证人的听询以及接受另一国当局或主管国际组织提交的证据，并应便利主管国际组织、船旗国或受任何违反行为引起污染影响的任何国家的官方代表参与这种程序。
The official representatives attending such proceedings shall have such rights and duties as may be provided under national laws and regulations or international law.	参与这种程序的官方代表应享有国内法律和规章或国际法规定的权利与义务。
Article 224	第二二四条
Exercise of powers of enforcement	执行权力的行使
The powers of enforcement against foreign vessels under this Part may only be exercised by officials or by warships, military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect.	本部分规定的对外国船只的执行权力，只有官员或军舰、军用飞机或其他有清楚标志可以识别为政府服务并经授权的船舶或飞机才能行使。
Article 225	第二二五条
Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement	行使执行权力时避免不良后果的义务
In the exercise under this Convention of their powers of enforcement against foreign vessels, States shall not endanger the safety of navigation or otherwise create any hazard to a vessel, or bring it to an unsafe port or anchorage, or expose the marine environment to an unreasonable risk.	在根据本公约对外国船只行使执行权力时，各国不应危害航行的安全或造成对船只的任何危险，或将船只带至不安全的港口或停泊地，或使海洋环境面临不合理的危险。
Article 226	第二二六条
Investigation of foreign vessels	调查外国船只
1. (a) States shall not delay a foreign vessel longer than is essential for purposes of the investigations provided for in articles 216, 218 and 220.	1．（a）各国羁留外国船只不得超过第二一六、第二一八和第二二〇条规定的为调查目的所必需的时间。
Any physical inspection of a foreign vessel shall be limited to an examination of such certificates, records or other documents as the vessel is required to carry by generally accepted international rules and standards or of any similar documents which it is carrying; further physical inspection of the vessel may be undertaken only after such an examination and only when:	任何对外国船只的实际检查应只限于查阅该船按照一般接受的国际规则和标准所须持有的证书、记录或其他文件或其所持有的任何类似文件；对船只的进一步的实际检查，只有在经过这样的查阅后以及在下列情况下，才可进行：
(i) there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the vessel or its equipment does not correspond substantially with the particulars of those documents;	（1）有明显根据认为该船的情况或其装备与这些文件所载各节有重大不符；
(ii) the contents of such documents are not sufficient to confirm or verify a suspected violation; or	（2）这类文件的内容不足以证实或证明涉嫌的违反行为；或
(iii) the vessel is not carrying valid certificates and records.	（3）该船未持有有效的证件和记录。
(b) If the investigation indicates a violation of applicable laws and regulations or international rules and standards for the protection and preservation of the marine environment, release shall be made promptly subject to reasonable procedures such as bonding or other appropriate financial security.	（b）如果调查结果显示有违反关于保护和保全海洋环境的可适用的法律和规章或国际规则和标准的行为，则应于完成提供保证书或其他适当财政担保等合理程序后迅速予以释放。
(c) Without prejudice to applicable international rules and standards relating to the seaworthiness of vessels, the release of a vessel may, whenever it would present an unreasonable threat of damage to the marine environment, be refused or made conditional upon proceeding to the nearest appropriate repair yard.	（c）在不妨害有关船只适航性的可适用的国际规则和标准的情形下，无论何时如船只的释放可能对海洋环境引起不合理的损害威胁，可拒绝释放或以驶往最近的适当修船厂为条件予以释放。
Where release has been refused or made conditional, the flag State of the vessel must be promptly notified, and may seek release of the vessel in accordance with Part XV.	在拒绝释放或对释放附加条件的情形下，必须迅速通知船只的船旗国，该国可按照第十五部分寻求该船的释放。
2. States shall cooperate to develop procedures for the avoidance of unnecessary physical inspection of vessels at sea.	2．各国应合作制定程序，以避免在海上对船只作不必要的实际检查。
Article 227	第二二七条
Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels	对外国船只的无歧视
In exercising their rights and performing their duties under this Part, States shall not discriminate in form or in fact against vessels of any other State.	各国根据本部分行使其权利和履行其义务时，不应在形式上或事实上对任何其他国家的船只有所歧视。
Article 228	第二二八条
Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings	提起司法程序的暂停和限制
1. Proceedings to impose penalties in respect of any violation of applicable laws and regulations or international rules and standards relating to the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels committed by a foreign vessel beyond the territorial sea of the State instituting proceedings shall be suspended upon the taking of proceedings to impose penalties in respect of corresponding charges by the flag State within six months of the date on which proceedings were first instituted, unless those proceedings relate to a case of major damage to the coastal State or the flag State in question has repeatedly disregarded its obligation to enforce effectively the applicable international rules and standards in respect of violations committed by its vessels.	1．对于外国船只在提起司法程序的国家的领海外所犯任何违反关于防止、减少和控制来自船只的污染的可适用的法律和规章或国际规则和标准的行为诉请加以处罚的司法程序，于船旗国在这种程序最初提起之日起六个月内就同样控告提出加以处罚的司法程序时，应即暂停进行，除非这种程序涉及沿海国遭受重大损害的案件或有关船旗国一再不顾其对本国船只的违反行为有效地执行可适用的国际规则和标准的义务。
The flag State shall in due course make available to the State previously instituting proceedings a full dossier of the case and the records of the proceedings, whenever the flag State has requested the suspension of proceedings in accordance with this article.	船旗国无论何时，如按照本条要求暂停进行司法程序，应于适当期间内将案件全部卷宗和程序记录提供早先提起程序的国家。
When proceedings instituted by the flag State have been brought to a conclusion, the suspended proceedings shall be terminated.	船旗国提起的司法程序结束时，暂停的司法程序应予终止。
Upon payment of costs incurred in respect of such proceedings, any bond posted or other financial security provided in connection with the suspended proceedings shall be released by the coastal State.	在这种程序中应收的费用经缴纳后，沿海国应发还与暂停的司法程序有关的任何保证书或其他财政担保。
2. Proceedings to impose penalties on foreign vessels shall not be instituted after the expiry of three years from the date on which the violation was committed, and shall not be taken by any State in the event of proceedings having been instituted by another State subject to the provisions set out in paragraph 1.	2．从违反行为发生之日起满三年后，对外国船只不应再提起加以处罚的司法程序，又如另一国家已在第1款所载规定的限制下提起司法程序，任何国家均不得再提起这种程序。
3. The provisions of this article are without prejudice to the right of the flag State to take any measures, including proceedings to impose penalties, according to its laws irrespective of prior proceedings by another State.	3．本条的规定不妨害船旗国按照本国法律采取任何措施，包括提起加以处罚的司法程序的权利，不论别国是否已先提起这种程序。
Article 229	第二二九条
Institution of civil proceedings	民事诉讼程序的提起
Nothing in this Convention affects the institution of civil proceedings in respect of any claim for loss or damage resulting from pollution of the marine environment.	本公约的任何规定不影响因要求赔偿海洋环境污染造成的损失或损害而提起民事诉讼程序。
Article 230	第二三〇条
Monetary penalties and the observance of recognized rights of the accused	罚款和对被告的公认权利的尊重
1. Monetary penalties only may be imposed with respect to violations of national laws and regulations or applicable international rules and standards for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment, committed by foreign vessels beyond the territorial sea.	1．对外国船只在领海以外所犯违反关于防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国内法律和规章或可适用的国际规则和标准的行为，仅可处以罚款。
2. Monetary penalties only may be imposed with respect to violations of national laws and regulations or applicable international rules and standards for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment, committed by foreign vessels in the territorial sea, except in the case of a wilful and serious act of pollution in the territorial sea.	2．对外国船只在领海内所犯违反关于防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国内法律和规章或可适用的国际规则和标准的行为，仅可处以罚款，但在领海内故意和严重地造成污染的行为除外。
3. In the conduct of proceedings in respect of such violations committed by a foreign vessel which may result in the imposition of penalties, recognized rights of the accused shall be observed.	3．对于外国船只所犯这种违反行为进行可能对其加以处罚的司法程序时，应尊重被告的公认权利。
Article 231	第二三一条
Notification to the flag State and other States concerned	对船旗国和其他有关国家的通知
States shall promptly notify the flag State and any other State concerned of any measures taken pursuant to section 6 against foreign vessels, and shall submit to the flag State all official reports concerning such measures.	各国应将依据第六节对外国船只所采取的任何措施迅速通知船旗国和任何其他有关国家，并将有关这种措施的一切正式报告提交船旗国。
However, with respect to violations committed in the territorial sea, the foregoing obligations of the coastal State apply only to such measures as are taken in proceedings.	但对领海内的违反行为，沿海国的上述义务仅适用于司法程序中所采取的措施。
The diplomatic agents or consular officers and where possible the maritime authority of the flag State, shall be immediately informed of any such measures taken pursuant to section 6 against foreign vessels.	依据第六节对外国船只采取的任何这种措施，应立即通知船旗国的外交代表或领事官员，可能时并应通知其海事当局。
Article 232	第二三二条
Liability of States arising from enforcement measures	各国因执行措施而产生的赔偿责任
States shall be liable for damage or loss attributable to them arising from measures taken pursuant to section 6 when such measures are unlawful or exceed those reasonably required in the light of available information.	各国依照第六节所采取的措施如属非法或根据可得到的情报超出合理的要求。 应对这种措施所引起的并可以归因于各该国的损害或损失负责。
States shall provide for recourse in their courts for actions in respect of such damage or loss.	各国应对这种损害或损失规定向其法院申诉的办法。
Article 233	第二三三条
Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation	对用于国际航行的海峡的保障
Nothing in sections 5, 6 and 7 affects the legal regime of straits used for international navigation.	第五、第六和第七节的任何规定不影响用于国际航行的海峡的法律制度。
However, if a foreign ship other than those referred to in section 10 has committed a violation of the laws and regulations referred to in article 42, paragraph 1(a) and (b) , causing or threatening major damage to the marine environment of the straits, the States bordering the straits may take appropriate enforcement measures and if so shall respect mutatis mutandis the provisions of this section.	但如第十节所指以外的外国船舶违反了第四十二条第1款（a）和（b）项所指的法律和规章，对海峡的海洋环境造成重大损害或有造成重大损害的威胁，海峡沿岸国可采取适当执行措施，在采取这种措施时，应比照尊重本节的规定。
SECTION 8. ICE-COVERED AREAS	第八节 冰封区域
Article 234	第二三四条
Ice-covered areas	冰封区域
Coastal States have the right to adopt and enforce non-discriminatory laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution from vessels in ice-covered areas within the limits of the exclusive economic zone, where particularly severe climatic conditions and the presence of ice covering such areas for most of the year create obstructions or exceptional hazards to navigation, and pollution of the marine environment could cause major harm to or irreversible disturbance of the ecological balance.	沿海国有权制定和执行非歧视性的法律和规章，以防止、减少和控制船只在专属经济区范围内冰封区域对海洋的污染，这种区域内的特别严寒气候和一年中大部分时候冰封的情形对航行造成障碍或特别危险，而且海洋环境污染可能对生态平衡造成重大的损害或无可挽救的扰乱。
Such laws and regulations shall have due regard to navigation and the protection and preservation of the marine environment based on the best available scientific evidence.	这种法律和规章应适当顾及航行和以现有最可靠的科学证据为基础对海洋环境的保护和保全。
SECTION 9. RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY	第九节 责任
Article 235	第二三五条
Responsibility and liability	责任
1. States are responsible for the fulfilment of their international obligations concerning the protection and preservation of the marine environment.	1．各国有责任履行其关于保护和保全海洋环境的国际义务。
They shall be liable in accordance with international law.	各国应按照国际法承担责任。
2. States shall ensure that recourse is available in accordance with their legal systems for prompt and adequate compensation or other relief in respect of damage caused by pollution of the marine environment by natural or juridical persons under their jurisdiction.	2．各国对于在其管辖下的自然人或法人污染海洋环境所造成的损害，应确保按照其法律制度，可以提起申诉以获得迅速和适当的补偿或其他救济。
3. With the objective of assuring prompt and adequate compensation in respect of all damage caused by pollution of the marine environment, States shall cooperate in the implementation of existing international law and the further development of international law relating to responsibility and liability for the assessment of and compensation for damage and the settlement of related disputes, as well as, where appropriate, development of criteria and procedures for payment of adequate compensation, such as compulsory insurance or compensation funds.	3．为了对污染海洋环境所造成的一切损害保证迅速而适当地给予补偿的目的，各国应进行合作，以便就估量和补偿损害的责任以及解决有关的争端，实施现行国际法和进一步发展国际法，并在适当情形下，拟订诸如强制保险或补偿基金等关于给付适当补偿的标准和程序。
SECTION 10. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY	第十节 主权豁免
Article 236	第二三六条
Sovereign immunity	主权豁免
The provisions of this Convention regarding the protection and preservation of the marine environment do not apply to any warship, naval auxiliary, other vessels or aircraft owned or operated by a State and used, for the time being, only on government non-commercial service.	本公约关于保护和保全海洋环境的规定，不适用于任何军舰、海军辅助船、为国家所拥有或经营并在当时只供政府非商业性服务之用的其他船只或飞机。
However, each State shall ensure, by the adoption of appropriate measures not impairing operations or operational capabilities of such vessels or aircraft owned or operated by it, that such vessels or aircraft act in a manner consistent, so far as is reasonable and practicable, with this Convention.	但每一国家应采取不妨害该国所拥有或经营的这种船只或飞机的操作或操作能力的适当措施，以确保在合理可行范围内这种船只或飞机的活动方式符合本公约。
SECTION 11. OBLIGATIONS UNDER OTHER CONVENTIONS ON THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT	第十一节 关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务
Article 237	第二三七条
Obligations under other conventions on the protection and preservation of the marine environment	关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务
1. The provisions of this Part are without prejudice to the specific obligations assumed by States under special conventions and agreements concluded previously which relate to the protection and preservation of the marine environment and to agreements which may be concluded in furtherance of the general principles set forth in this Convention.	1．本部分的规定不影响各国根据先前缔结的关于保护和保全海洋环境的特别公约和协定所承担的特定义务，也不影响为了推行本公约所载的一般原则而可能缔结的协定。
2. Specific obligations assumed by States under special conventions, with respect to the protection and preservation of the marine environment, should be carried out in a manner consistent with the general principles and objectives of this Convention.	2．各国根据特别公约所承担的关于保护和保全海洋环境的特定义务，应依符合本公约一般原则和目标的方式履行。
PART XIII	第十三部分
MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH	海洋科学研究
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 238	第二三八条
Right to conduct marine scientific research	进行海洋科学研究的权利
All States, irrespective of their geographical location, and competent international organizations have the right to conduct marine scientific research subject to the rights and duties of other States as provided for in this Convention.	所有国家，不论其地理位置如何，以及各主管国际组织，在本公约所规定的其他国家的权利和义务的限制下，均有权进行海洋科学研究。
Article 239	第二三九条
Promotion of marine scientific research	海洋科学研究的促进
States and competent international organizations shall promote and facilitate the development and conduct of marine scientific research in accordance with this Convention.	各国和各主管国际组织应按照本公约，促进和便利海洋科学研究的发展和进行。
Article 240	第二四〇条
General principles for the conduct of marine scientific research	进行海洋科学研究的一般原则
In the conduct of marine scientific research the following principles shall apply:	进行海洋科学研究时应适用下列原则：
(a) marine scientific research shall be conducted exclusively for peaceful purposes;	（a）海洋科学研究应专为和平目的而进行；
(b) marine scientific research shall be conducted with appropriate scientific methods and means compatible with this Convention;	（b）海洋科学研究应以符合本公约的适当科学方法和工具进行；
(c) marine scientific research shall not unjustifiably interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea compatible with this Convention and shall be duly respected in the course of such uses;	（c）海洋科学研究不应对符合本公约的海洋其他正当用途有不当干扰，而这种研究在上述用途过程中应适当地受到尊重；
(d) marine scientific research shall be conducted in compliance with all relevant regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention including those for the protection and preservation of the marine environment.	（d）海洋科学研究的进行应遵守依照本公约制定的一切有关规章，包括关于保护和保全海洋环境的规章。
Article 241	第二四一条
Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims	不承认海洋科学研究活动为任何权利主张的法律根据
Marine scientific research activities shall not constitute the legal basis for any claim to any part of the marine environment or its resources. SECTION 2.	海洋科学研究活动不应构成对海洋环境任何部分或其资源的任何权利主张的法律根据。
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION	第二节 国际合作
Article 242	第二四二条
Promotion of international cooperation	国际合作的促进
1. States and competent international organizations shall, in accordance with the principle of respect for sovereignty and jurisdiction and on the basis of mutual benefit, promote international cooperation in marine scientific research for peaceful purposes.	1．各国和各主管国际组织应按照尊重主权和管辖权的原则，并在互利的基础上，促进为和平目的进行海洋科学研究的国际合作。
2. In this context, without prejudice to the rights and duties of States under this Convention, a State, in the application of this Part, shall provide, as appropriate, other States with a reasonable opportunity to obtain from it, or with its cooperation, information necessary to prevent and control damage to the health and safety of persons and to the marine environment.	2．因此，在不影响本公约所规定的权利和义务的情形下，一国在适用本部分时，在适当情形下，应向其他国家提供合理的机会，使其从该国取得或在该国合作下取得为防止和控制对人身健康和安全以及对海洋环境的损害所必要的情报。
Article 243	第二四三条
Creation of favourable conditions	有利条件的创造
States and competent international organizations shall cooperate, through the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements, to create favourable conditions for the conduct of marine scientific research in the marine environment and to integrate the efforts of scientists in studying the essence of phenomena and processes occurring in the marine environment and the interrelations between them.	各国和各主管国际组织应进行合作，通过双边和多边协定的缔结，创造有利条件，以进行海洋环境中的海洋科学研究，并将科学工作者在研究海洋环境中发生的各种现象和变化过程的本质以及两者之间的相互关系方面的努力结合起来。
Article 244	第二四四条
Publication and dissemination of information and knowledge	情报和知识的公布和传播
1. States and competent international organizations shall, in accordance with this Convention, make available by publication and dissemination through appropriate channels information on proposed major programmes and their objectives as well as knowledge resulting from marine scientific research.	1．各国和各主管国际组织应按照本公约，通过适当途径以公布和传播的方式，提供关于拟议的主要方案及其目标的情报以及海洋科学研究所得的知识。
2. For this purpose, States, both individually and in cooperation with other States and with competent international organizations, shall actively promote the flow of scientific data and information and the transfer of knowledge resulting from marine scientific research, especially to developing States, as well as the strengthening of the autonomous marine scientific research capabilities of developing States through, inter alia, programmes to provide adequate education and training of their technical and scientific personnel.	2．为此目的，各国应个别地并与其他国家和各主管国际组织合作，积极促进科学资料和情报的流通以及海洋科学研究所得知识的转让，特别是向发展中国家的流通和转让，并通过除其他外对发展中国家技术和科学人员提供适当教育和训练方案，加强发展中国家自主进行海洋科学研究的能力。
SECTION 3. CONDUCT AND PROMOTION OF MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH	第三节 海洋科学研究的进行和促进
Article 245	第二四五条
Marine scientific research in the territorial sea	领海内的海洋科学研究
Coastal States, in the exercise of their sovereignty, have the exclusive right to regulate, authorize and conduct marine scientific research in their territorial sea.	沿海国在行使其主权时，有规定、准许和进行其领海内的海洋科学研究的专属权利。
Marine scientific research therein shall be conducted only with the express consent of and under the conditions set forth by the coastal State.	领海内的海洋科学研究，应经沿海国明示同意并在沿海国规定的条件下，才可进行。
Article 246	第二四六条
Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf	专属经济区内和大陆架上的海洋科学研究
1. Coastal States, in the exercise of their jurisdiction, have the right to regulate, authorize and conduct marine scientific research in their exclusive economic zone and on their continental shelf in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Convention.	1．沿海国在行使其管辖权时，有权按照本公约的有关条款，规定、准许和进行在其专属经济区内或大陆架上的海洋科学研究。
2. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf shall be conducted with the consent of the coastal State.	2．在专属经济区内和大陆架上进行海洋科学研究，应经沿海国同意。
3. Coastal States shall, in normal circumstances, grant their consent for marine scientific research projects by other States or competent international organizations in their exclusive economic zone or on their continental shelf to be carried out in accordance with this Convention exclusively for peaceful purposes and in order to increase scientific knowledge of the marine environment for the benefit of all mankind.	3．在正常情形下，沿海国应对其他国家或各主管国际组织按照本公约专为和平目的和为了增进关于海洋环境的科学知识以谋全人类利益，而在其专属经济区内或大陆架上进行的海洋科学研究计划，给予同意。
To this end, coastal States shall establish rules and procedures ensuring that such consent will not be delayed or denied unreasonably.	为此目的，沿海国应制订规则和程序，确保不致不合理地推迟或拒绝给予同意。
4. For the purposes of applying paragraph 3, normal circumstances may exist in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between the coastal State and the researching State.	4．为适用第3款的目的，尽管沿海国和研究国之间没有外交关系，它们之间仍可存在正常情况。
5. Coastal States may however in their discretion withhold their consent to the conduct of a marine scientific research project of another State or competent international organization in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf of the coastal State if that project:	5．但沿海国可斟酌决定，拒不同意另一国家或主管国际组织在该沿海国专属经济区内或大陆架上进行海洋科学研究计划，如果该计划：
(a) is of direct significance for the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, whether living or non-living;	（a）与生物或非生物自然资源的勘探和开发有直接关系；
(b) involves drilling into the continental shelf, the use of explosives or the introduction of harmful substances into the marine environment;	（b）涉及大陆架的钻探、炸药的使用或将有害物质引入海洋环境；
(c) involves the construction, operation or use of artificial islands, installations and structures referred to in articles 60 and 80;	（c）涉及第六十和第八十条所指的人工岛屿、设施和结构的建造、操作或使用；
(d) contains information communicated pursuant to article 248 regarding the nature and objectives of the project which is inaccurate or if the researching State or competent international organization has outstanding obligations to the coastal State from a prior research project.	（d）含有依据第二四八条提出的关于该计划的性质和目标的不正确情报，或如进行研究的国家或主管国际组织由于先前进行研究计划而对沿海国负有尚未履行的义务。
6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, coastal States may not exercise their discretion to withhold consent under subparagraph (a) of that paragraph in respect of marine scientific research projects to be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of this Part on the continental shelf, beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, outside those specific areas which coastal States may at any time publicly designate as areas in which exploitation or detailed exploratory operations focused on those areas are occurring or will occur within a reasonable period of time.	6．虽有第5款的规定，如果沿海国已在任何时候公开指定从测算领海宽度的基线量起二百海里以外的某些特定区域为已在进行或将在合理期间内进行开发或详探作业的重点区域，则沿海国对于在这些特定区域之外的大陆架上按照本部分规定进行的海洋科学研究计划，即不得行使该款（a）项规定的斟酌决定权而拒不同意。
Coastal States shall give reasonable notice of the designation of such areas, as well as any modifications thereto, but shall not be obliged to give details of the operations therein.	沿海国对于这类区域的指定及其任何更改，应提出合理的通知，但无须提供其中作业的详情。
7. The provisions of paragraph 6 are without prejudice to the rights of coastal States over the continental shelf as established in article 77.	7．第6款的规定不影响第七十七条所规定的沿海国对大陆架的权利。
8. Marine scientific research activities referred to in this article shall not unjustifiably interfere with activities undertaken by coastal States in the exercise of their sovereign rights and jurisdiction provided for in this Convention.	8．本条所指的海洋科学研究活动，不应对沿海国行使本公约所规定的主权权利和管辖权所进行的活动有不当的干扰。
Article 247	第二四七条
Marine scientific research projects undertaken by or under the auspices of international organizations	国际组织进行或主持的海洋科学研究计划
A coastal State which is a member of or has a bilateral agreement with an international organization, and in whose exclusive economic zone or on whose continental shelf that organization wants to carry out a marine scientific research project, directly or under its auspices, shall be deemed to have authorized the project to be carried out in conformity with the agreed specifications if that State approved the detailed project when the decision was made by the organization for the undertaking of the project, or is willing to participate in it, and has not expressed any objection within four months of notification of the project by the organization to the coastal State.	沿海国作为一个国际组织的成员或同该组织订有双边协定，而在该沿海国专属经济区内或大陆架上该组织有意直接或在其主持下进行一项海洋科学研究计划，如果该沿海国在该组织决定进行计划时已核准详细计划，或愿意参加该计划，并在该组织将计划通知该沿海国后四个月内没有表示任何反对意见，则应视为已准许依照同意的说明书进行该计划。
Article 248	第二四八条
Duty to provide information to the coastal State	向沿海国提供资料的义务
States and competent international organizations which intend to undertake marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf of a coastal State shall, not less than six months in advance of the expected starting date of the marine scientific research project, provide that State with a full description of:	各国和各主管国际组织有意在一个沿海国的专属经济区内或大陆架上进行海洋科学研究，应在海洋科学研究计划预定开始日期至少六个月前，向该国提供关于下列各项的详细说明：
(a) the nature and objectives of the project;	（a）计划的性质和目标；
(b) the method and means to be used, including name, tonnage, type and class of vessels and a description of scientific equipment;	（b）使用的方法和工具，包括船只的船名、吨位、类型和级别，以及科学装备的说明；
(c) the precise geographical areas in which the project is to be conducted;	（c）进行计划的精确地理区域；
(d) the expected date of first appearance and final departure of the research vessels, or deployment of the equipment and its removal, as appropriate;	（d）研究船最初到达和最后离开的预定日期，或装备的部署和拆除的预定日期，视情况而定；
(e) the name of the sponsoring institution, its director, and the person in charge of the project; and	（e）主持机构的名称，其主持人和计划负责人的姓名；和
(f) the extent to which it is considered that the coastal State should be able to participate or to be represented in the project.	（f）认为沿海国应能参加或有代表参与计划的程度。
Article 249	第二四九条
Duty to comply with certain conditions	遵守某些条件的义务
1. States and competent international organizations when undertaking marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf of a coastal State shall comply with the following conditions:	1．各国和各主管国际组织在沿海国的专属经济区内或大陆架上进行海洋科学研究时，应遵守下列条件：
(a) ensure the right of the coastal State, if it so desires, to participate or be represented in the marine scientific research project, especially on board research vessels and other craft or scientific research installations, when practicable, without payment of any remuneration to the scientists of the coastal State and without obligation to contribute towards the costs of the project;	（a）如沿海国愿意，确保其有权参加或有代表参与海洋科学研究计划，特别是于实际可行时在研究船和其他船只上或在科学研究设施上进行，但对沿海国的科学工作者无须支付任何报酬，沿海国亦无分担计划费用的义务；
(b) provide the coastal State, at its request, with preliminary reports, as soon as practicable, and with the final results and conclusions after the completion of the research;	（b）经沿海国要求，在实际可行范围内尽快向沿海国提供初步报告，并于研究完成后提供所得的最后成果和结论；
(c) undertake to provide access for the coastal State, at its request, to all data and samples derived from the marine scientific research project and likewise to furnish it with data which may be copied and samples which may be divided without detriment to their scientific value;	（c）经沿海国要求，负责供其利用从海洋科学研究计划所取得的一切资料和样品，并同样向其提供可以复制的资料和可以分开而不致有损其科学价值的样品；
(d) if requested, provide the coastal State with an assessment of such data, samples and research results or provide assistance in their assessment or interpretation;	（d）如经要求，向沿海国提供对此种资料、样品及研究成果的评价，或协助沿海国加以评价或解释；
(e) ensure, subject to paragraph 2, that the research results are made internationally available through appropriate national or international channels, as soon as practicable;	（e）确保在第2款限制下，于实际可行的情况下，尽快通过适当的国内或国际途径，使研究成果在国际上可以取得；
(f) inform the coastal State immediately of any major change in the research programme;	（f）将研究方案的任何重大改变立即通知沿海国；
(g) unless otherwise agreed, remove the scientific research installations or equipment once the research is completed.	（g）除非另有协议，研究完成后立即拆除科学研究设施或装备。
2. This article is without prejudice to the conditions established by the laws and regulations of the coastal State for the exercise of its discretion to grant or withhold consent pursuant to article 246, paragraph 5, including requiring prior agreement for making internationally available the research results of a project of direct significance for the exploration and exploitation of natural resources.	2．本条不妨害沿海国的法律和规章为依据第二四六条第5款行使斟酌决定权给予同意或拒不同意而规定的条件，包括要求预先同意使计划中对勘探和开发自然资源有直接关系的研究成果在国际上可以取得。
Article 250	第二五〇条
Communications concerning marine scientific research projects	关于海洋科学研究计划的通知
Communications concerning the marine scientific research projects shall be made through appropriate official channels, unless otherwise agreed.	关于海洋科学研究计划的通知，除另有协议外，应通过适当的官方途径发出。
Article 251	第二五一条
General criteria and guidelines	一般准则和方针
States shall seek to promote through competent international organizations the establishment of general criteria and guidelines to assist States in ascertaining the nature and implications of marine scientific research.	各国应通过主管国际组织设法促进一般准则和方针的制定，以协助各国确定海洋科学研究的性质和影响。
Article 252	第二五二条
Implied consent
States or competent international organizations may proceed with a marine scientific research project six months after the date upon which the information required pursuant to article 248 was provided to the coastal State unless within four months of the receipt of the communication containing such information the coastal State has informed the State or organization conducting the research that:	默示同意 各国或各主管国际组织可于依据第二四八条的规定向沿海国提供必要的情报之日起六个月后，开始进行海洋科学研究计划，除非沿海国在收到含有此项情报的通知后四个月内通知进行研究的国家或组织：
(a) it has withheld its consent under the provisions of article 246; or	（a）该国已根据第二四六条的规定拒绝同意；
(b) the information given by that State or competent international organization regarding the nature or objectives of the project does not conform to the manifestly evident facts; or	（b）该国或主管国际组织提出的关于计划的性质和目标的情报与明显事实不符；
(c) it requires supplementary information relevant to conditions and the information provided for under articles 248 and 249; or	（c）该国要求有关第二四八和第二四九条规定的条件和情报的补充情报；或
(d) outstanding obligations exist with respect to a previous marine scientific research project carried out by that State or organization, with regard to conditions established in article 249.	（d）关于该国或该组织以前进行的海洋科学研究计划，在第二四九条规定的条件方面，还有尚未履行的义务。
Article 253	第二五三条
Suspension or cessation of marine scientific research activities	海洋科学研究活动的暂停或停止
1. A coastal State shall have the right to require the suspension of any marine scientific research activities in progress within its exclusive economic zone or on its continental shelf if:	1．沿海国应有权要求暂停在其专属经济区内或大陆架上正在进行的任何海洋科学研究活动，如果：
(a) the research activities are not being conducted in accordance with the information communicated as provided under article 248 upon which the consent of the coastal State was based; or	（a）研究活动的进行不按照根据第二四八条的规定提出的，且经沿海国作为同意的基础的情报；或
(b) the State or competent international organization conducting the research activities fails to comply with the provisions of article 249 concerning the rights of the coastal State with respect to the marine scientific research project.	（b）进行研究活动的国家或主管国际组织未遵守第二四九条关于沿海国对该海洋科学研究计划的权利的规定。
2. A coastal State shall have the right to require the cessation of any marine scientific research activities in case of any non-compliance with the provisions of article 248 which amounts to a major change in the research project or the research activities.	2．任何不遵守第二四八条规定的情形，如果等于将研究计划或研究活动作重大改动，沿海国应有权要求停止任何海洋科学研究活动。
3. A coastal State may also require cessation of marine scientific research activities if any of the situations contemplated in paragraph 1 are not rectified within a reasonable period of time.	3．如果第1款所设想的任何情况在合理期间内仍未得到纠正，沿海国也可要求停止海洋科学研究活动。
4. Following notification by the coastal State of its decision to order suspension or cessation, States or competent international organizations authorized to conduct marine scientific research activities shall terminate the research activities that are the subject of such a notification.	4．沿海国发出其命令暂停或停止海洋科学研究活动的决定的通知后，获准进行这种活动的国家或主管国际组织应即终止这一通知所指的活动。
5. An order of suspension under paragraph 1 shall be lifted by the coastal State and the marine scientific research activities allowed to continue once the researching State or competent international organization has complied with the conditions required under articles 248 and 249.	5．一旦进行研究的国家或主管国际组织遵行第二四八条和第二四九条所要求的条件，沿海国应即撤销根据第1款发出的暂停命令，海洋科学研究活动也应获准继续进行。
Article 254	第二五四条
Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States	邻近的内陆国和地理不利国的权利
1. States and competent international organizations which have submitted to a coastal State a project to undertake marine scientific research referred to in article 246, paragraph 3, shall give notice to the neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States of the proposed research project, and shall notify the coastal State thereof.	1．已向沿海国提出一项计划，准备进行第二四六条第3款所指的海洋科学研究的国家和主管国际组织，应将提议的研究计划通知邻近的内陆国和地理不利国，并应将此事通知沿海国。
2. After the consent has been given for the proposed marine scientific research project by the coastal State concerned, in accordance with article 246 and other relevant provisions of this Convention, States and competent international organizations undertaking such a project shall provide to the neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, at their request and when appropriate, relevant information as specified in article 248 and article 249, paragraph 1(f)	2．在有关的沿海国按照第二四六条和本公约的其他有关规定对该提议的海洋科学研究计划给予同意后，进行这一计划的国家和主管国际组织，经邻近的内陆国和地理不利国请求，适当时应向它们提供第二四八条和第二四九条第1款（f）项所列的有关情报。
3. The neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States referred to above shall, at their request, be given the opportunity to participate, whenever feasible, in the proposed marine scientific research project through qualified experts appointed by them and not objected to by the coastal State, in accordance with the conditions agreed for the project, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention, between the coastal State concerned and the State or competent international organizations conducting the marine scientific research.	3．以上所指的邻近的内陆国和地理不利国，如提出请求，应获得机会按照有关的沿海国和进行此项海洋科学研究的国家或主管国际组织依本公约的规定而议定的适用于提议的海洋科学研究计划的条件，通过由其任命的并且不为该沿海国反对的合格专家在实际可行时参加该计划。
4. States and competent international organizations referred to in paragraph 1 shall provide to the above-mentioned land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, at their request, the information and assistance specified in article 249, paragraph 1(d) , subject to the provisions of article 249, paragraph 2.	4．第1款所指的国家和主管国际组织，经上述内陆国和地理不利国的请求，应向它们提供第二四九条第1款（d）项规定的有关情报和协助，但须受第二四九条第2款的限制。
Article 255	第二五五条
Measures to facilitate marine scientific research and assist research vessels	便利海洋科学研究和协助研究船的措施
States shall endeavour to adopt reasonable rules, regulations and procedures to promote and facilitate marine scientific research conducted in accordance with this Convention beyond their territorial sea and, as appropriate, to facilitate, subject to the provisions of their laws and regulations, access to their harbours and promote assistance for marine scientific research vessels which comply with the relevant provisions of this Part.	各国应尽力制定合理的规则、规章和程序，促进和便利在其领海以外按照本公约进行的海洋科学研究，并于适当时在其法律和规章规定的限制下，便利遵守本部分有关规定的海洋科学研究船进入其港口，并促进对这些船只的协助。
Article 256	第二五六条
Marine scientific research in the Area	“区域”内的海洋科学研究
All States, irrespective of their geographical location, and competent international organizations have the right, in conformity with the provisions of Part XI, to conduct marine scientific research in the Area.	所有国家，不论其地理位置如何，和各主管国际组织均有权依第十一部分的规定在“区域”内进行海洋科学研究。
Article 257	第二五七条
Marine scientific research in the water column beyond the exclusive economic zone	在专属经济区以外的水体内的海洋科学研究
All States, irrespective of their geographical location, and competent international organizations have the right, in conformity with this Convention, to conduct marine scientific research in the water column beyond the limits of the exclusive economic zone.	所有国家，不论其地理位置如何，和各主管国际组织均有权依本公约在专属经济区范围以外的水体内进行海洋科学研究。
SECTION 4. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTALLATIONS OR EQUIPMENT IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT	第四节 海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备
Article 258	第二五八条
Deployment and use	部署和使用
The deployment and use of any type of scientific research installations or equipment in any area of the marine environment shall be subject to the same conditions as are prescribed in this Convention for the conduct of marine scientific research in any such area.	在海洋环境的任何区域内部署和使用任何种类的科学研究设施或装备，应遵守本公约为在任何这种区域内进行海洋科学研究所规定的同样条件。
Article 259	第二五九条
Legal status	法律地位
The installations or equipment referred to in this section do not possess the status of islands.	本节所指的设施或装备不具有岛屿的地位。
They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.	这些设施或装备没有自己的领海，其存在也不影响领海、专属经济区或大陆架的界限的划定。
Article 260	第二六〇条
Safety zones	安全地带
Safety zones of a reasonable breadth not exceeding a distance of 500 metres may be created around scientific research installations in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Convention.	在科学研究设施的周围可按照本公约有关规定设立不超过五百公尺的合理宽度的安全地带。
All States shall ensure that such safety zones are respected by their vessels.	所有国家应确保其本国船只尊重这些安全地带。
Article 261	第二六一条
Non-interference with shipping routes	对国际航路的不干扰
The deployment and use of any type of scientific research installations or equipment shall not constitute an obstacle to established international shipping routes.	任何种类的科学研究设施或装备的部署和使用不应对已确定的国际航路构成障碍。
Article 262	第二六二条
Identification markings and warning signals	识别标志和警告信号
Installations or equipment referred to in this section shall bear identification markings indicating the State of registry or the international organization to which they belong and shall have adequate internationally agreed warning signals to ensure safety at sea and the safety of air navigation, taking into account rules and standards established by competent international organizations.	本节所指的设施或装备应具有表明其登记的国家或所属的国际组织的识别标志，并应具有国际上议定的适当警告信号，以确保海上安全和空中航行安全，同时考虑到主管国际组织所制订的规则和标准。
SECTION 5. RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY	第五节 责任
Article 263	第二六三条
Responsibility and liability	责任
1. States and competent international organizations shall be responsible for ensuring that marine scientific research, whether undertaken by them or on their behalf, is conducted in accordance with this Convention.	1．各国和各主管国际组织应负责确保其自己从事或为其从事的海洋科学研究均按照本公约进行。
2. States and competent international organizations shall be responsible and liable for the measures they take in contravention of this Convention in respect of marine scientific research conducted by other States, their natural or juridical persons or by competent international organizations, and shall provide compensation for damage resulting from such measures.	2．各国和各主管国际组织对其他国家、其自然人或法人或主管国际组织进行的海洋科学研究所采取的措施如果违反本公约，应承担责任，并对这种措施所造成的损害提供补偿。
3. States and competent international organizations shall be responsible and liable pursuant to article 235 for damage caused by pollution of the marine environment arising out of marine scientific research undertaken by them or on their behalf.	3．各国和各主管国际组织对其自己从事或为其从事的海洋科学研究产生海洋环境污染所造成的损害，应依据第二三五条承担责任。
SECTION 6. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND INTERIM MEASURES	第六节 争端的解决和临时措施
Article 264	第二六四条
Settlement of disputes	争端的解决
Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Convention with regard to marine scientific research shall be settled in accordance with Part XV, sections 2 and 3.	本公约关于海洋科学研究的规定在解释或适用上的争端，应按照第十五部分第二和第三节解决。
Article 265	第二六五条
Interim measures	临时措施
Pending settlement of a dispute in accordance with Part XV, sections 2 and 3, the State or competent international organization authorized to conduct a marine scientific research project shall not allow research activities to commence or continue without the express consent of the coastal State concerned.	在按照第十五部分第二和第三节解决一项争端前，获准进行海洋科学研究计划的国家或主管国际组织，未经有关沿海国明示同意，不应准许开始或继续进行研究活动。
PART XIV	第十四部分
DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY	海洋技术的发展和转让
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 266	第二六六条
Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology	海洋技术发展和转让的促进
1. States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall cooperate in accordance with their capabilities to promote actively the development and transfer of marine science and marine technology on fair and reasonable terms and conditions.	1．各国应直接或通过主管国际组织，按照其能力进行合作，积极促进在公平合理的条款和条件上发展和转让海洋科学和海洋技术。
2. States shall promote the development of the marine scientific and technological capacity of States which may need and request technical assistance in this field, particularly developing States, including land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, with regard to the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of marine resources, the protection and preservation of the marine environment, marine scientific research and other activities in the marine environment compatible with this Convention, with a view to accelerating the social and economic development of the developing States.	2．各国应对在海洋科学和技术能力方面可能需要并要求技术援助的国家，特别是发展中国家，包括内陆国和地理不利国，促进其在海洋资源的勘探、开发、养护和管理，海洋环境的保护和保全，海洋科学研究以及符合本公约的海洋环境内其他活动等方面海洋科学和技术能力的发展，以加速发展中国家的社会和经济发展。
3. States shall endeavour to foster favourable economic and legal conditions for the transfer of marine technology for the benefit of all parties concerned on an equitable basis.	3．各国应尽力促进有利的经济和法律条件，以便在公平的基础上为所有有关各方的利益转让海洋技术。
Article 267	第二六七条
Protection of legitimate interests	合法利益的保护
States, in promoting cooperation pursuant to article 266, shall have due regard for all legitimate interests including, inter alia, the rights and duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of marine technology.	各国在依据第二六六条促进合作时，应适当顾及一切合法利益，除其他外，包括海洋技术的持有者、供应者和接受者的权利和义务。
Article 268	第二六八条
Basic objectives	基本目标
States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall promote:	各国应直接或通过主管国际组织促进：
(a) the acquisition, evaluation and dissemination of marine technological knowledge and facilitate access to such information and data;	（a）海洋技术知识的取得、评价和传播，并便利这种情报和资料的取得；
(b) the development of appropriate marine technology;	（b）适当的海洋技术的发展；
(c) the development of the necessary technological infrastructure to facilitate the transfer of marine technology;	（c）必要的技术方面基本建设的发展，以便利海洋技术的转让；
(d) the development of human resources through training and education of nationals of developing States and countries and especially the nationals of the least developed among them;	（d）通过训练和教育发展中国家和地区的国民，特别是其中最不发达国家和地区的国民的方式，以发展人力资源；
(e) international cooperation at all levels, particularly at the regional, subregional and bilateral levels.	（e）所有各级的国际合作，特别是区域、分区域和双边的国际合作。
Article 269	第二六九条
Measures to achieve the basic objectives	实现基本目标的措施
In order to achieve the objectives referred to in article 268, States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall endeavour, inter alia, to:	为了实现第二六八条所指的各项目标，各国应直接或通过主管国际组织，除其他外，尽力：
(a) establish programmes of technical cooperation for the effective transfer of all kinds of marine technology to States which may need and request technical assistance in this field, particularly the developing land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, as well as other developing States which have not been able either to establish or develop their own technological capacity in marine science and in the exploration and exploitation of marine resources or to develop the infrastructure of such technology;	（a）制订技术合作方案，以便把一切种类的海洋技术有效地转让给在海洋技术方面可能需要并要求技术援助的国家，特别是发展中内陆国和地理不利国，以及未能建立或发展其自己在海洋科学和海洋资源勘探和开发方面的技术能力或发展这种技术的基本建设的其他发展中国家；
(b) promote favourable conditions for the conclusion of agreements, contracts and other similar arrangements, under equitable and reasonable conditions;	（b）促进在公平合理的条件下，订立协定、合同和其他类似安排的有利条件；
(c) hold conferences, seminars and symposia on scientific and technological subjects, in particular on policies and methods for the transfer of marine technology;	（c）举行关于科学和技术问题，特别是关于转让海洋技术的政策和方法的会议、讨论会和座谈会；
(d) promote the exchange of scientists and of technological and other experts;	（d）促进科学工作者、技术和其他专家的交换；
(e) undertake projects and promote joint ventures and other forms of bilateral and multilateral cooperation.	（e）推行各种计划，并促进联合企业和其他形式的双边和多边合作。
SECTION 2. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION	第二节 国际合作
Article 270	第二七〇条
Ways and means of international cooperation	国际合作的方式和方法
International cooperation for the development and transfer of marine technology shall be carried out, where feasible and appropriate, through existing bilateral, regional or multilateral programmes, and also through expanded and new programmes in order to facilitate marine scientific research, the transfer of marine technology, particularly in new fields, and appropriate international funding for ocean research and development.	发展和转让海洋技术的国际合作，应在可行和适当的情形下，通过现有的双边、区域或多边的方案进行，并应通过扩大的和新的方案进行，以便利海洋科学研究，海洋技术转让，特别是在新领域内，以及为海洋研究和发展在国际上筹供适当的资金。
Article 271	第二七一条
Guidelines, criteria and standards	方针、准则和标准
States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall promote the establishment of generally accepted guidelines, criteria and standards for the transfer of marine technology on a bilateral basis or within the framework of international organizations and other fora, taking into account, in particular, the interests and needs of developing States.	各国应直接或通过主管国际组织，在双边基础上或在国际组织或其他机构的范围内，并在特别考虑到发展中国家的利益和需要的情形下，促进制订海洋技术转让方面的一般接受的方针、准则和标准。
Article 272	第二七二条
Coordination of international programmes	国际方案的协调
In the field of transfer of marine technology, States shall endeavour to ensure that competent international organizations coordinate their activities, including any regional or global programmes, taking into account the interests and needs of developing States, particularly land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States.	在海洋技术转让方面，各国应尽力确保主管国际组织协调其活动，包括任何区域性和全球性方案，同时考虑到发展中国家特别是内陆国和地理不利国的利益和需要。
Article 273	第二七三条
Cooperation with international organizations and the Authority	与各国际组织和管理局的合作
States shall cooperate actively with competent international organizations and the Authority to encourage and facilitate the transfer to developing States, their nationals and the Enterprise of skills and marine technology with regard to activities in the Area.	各国应与各主管国际组织和管理局积极合作，鼓励并便利向发展中国家及其国民和企业部转让关于“区域”内活动的技能和海洋技术。
Article 274	第二七四条
Objectives of the Authority	管理局的目标
Subject to all legitimate interests including, inter alia, the rights and duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of technology, the Authority, with regard to activities in the Area, shall ensure that:	管理局在一切合法利益，其中除其他外包括技术持有者、供应者和接受者的权利和义务的限制下，在“区域”内活动方面应确保：
(a) on the basis of the principle of equitable geographical distribution, nationals of developing States, whether coastal, land-locked or geographically disadvantaged, shall be taken on for the purposes of training as members of the managerial, research and technical staff constituted for its undertakings;	（a）在公平地区分配原则的基础上，接受不论为沿海国、内陆国或地理不利国的发展中国家的国民，以便训练其为管理局工作所需的管理、研究和技术人员；
(b) the technical documentation on the relevant equipment, machinery, devices and processes is made available to all States, in particular developing States which may need and request technical assistance in this field;	（b）使所有国家，特别是在这一方面可能需要并要求技术援助的发展中国家，能得到有关的装备、机械、装置和作业程序的技术文件；
(c) adequate provision is made by the Authority to facilitate the acquisition of technical assistance in the field of marine technology by States which may need and request it, in particular developing States, and the acquisition by their nationals of the necessary skills and know-how, including professional training;	（c）由管理局制订适当的规定，以便利在海洋技术方面可能需要并要求技术援助的国家，特别是发展中国家，取得这种援助，并便利其国民取得必要的技能和专门知识，包括专业训练；
(d) States which may need and request technical assistance in this field, in particular developing States, are assisted in the acquisition of necessary equipment, processes, plant and other technical know-how through any financial arrangements provided for in this Convention.	（d）通过本公约所规定的任何财政安排，协助在这一方面可能需要并要求技术援助的国家，特别是发展中国家，取得必要的装备、作业程序、工厂和其他技术知识。
SECTION 3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL MARINE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES	第三节 国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心
Article 275	第二七五条
Establishment of national centres	国家中心的设立
1. States, directly or through competent international organizations and the Authority, shall promote the establishment, particularly in developing coastal States, of national marine scientific and technological research centres and the strengthening of existing national centres, in order to stimulate and advance the conduct of marine scientific research by developing coastal States and to enhance their national capabilities to utilize and preserve their marine resources for their economic benefit.	1．各国应直接或通过各主管国际组织和管理局促进设立国家海洋科学和技术研究中心，特别是在发展中沿海国设立，并加强现有的国家中心，以鼓励和推进发展中沿海国进行海洋科学研究，并提高这些国家为了它们的经济利益而利用和保全其海洋资源的国家能力。
2. States, through competent international organizations and the Authority, shall give adequate support to facilitate the establishment and strengthening of such national centres so as to provide for advanced training facilities and necessary equipment, skills and know-how as well as technical experts to such States which may need and request such assistance.	2．各国应通过各主管国际组织和管理局给予适当的支持，便利设立和加强此种国家中心，以便向可能需要并要求此种援助的国家提供先进的训练设施和必要的装备、技能和专门知识以及技术专家。
Article 276	第二七六条
Establishment of regional centres	区域性中心的设立
1. States, in coordination with the competent international organizations, the Authority and national marine scientific and technological research institutions, shall promote the establishment of regional marine scientific and technological research centres, particularly in developing States, in order to stimulate and advance the conduct of marine scientific research by developing States and foster the transfer of marine technology.	1．各国在与各主管国际组织、管理局和国家海洋科学和技术研究机构协调下，应促进设立区域性海洋科学和技术研究中心，特别是在发展中国家设立，以鼓励和推进发展中国家进行海洋科学研究，并促进海洋技术的转让。
2. All States of a region shall cooperate with the regional centres therein to ensure the more effective achievement of their objectives.	2．一个区域内的所有国家都应与其中各区域性中心合作，以便确保更有效地达成其目标。
Article 277	第二七七条
Functions of regional centres	区域性中心的职务
The functions of such regional centres shall include, inter alia:	这种区域性中心的职务，除其他外，应包括：
(a) training and educational programmes at all levels on various aspects of marine scientific and technological research, particularly marine biology, including conservation and management of living resources, oceanography, hydrography, engineering, geological exploration of the seabed, mining and desalination technologies;	（a）对海洋科学和技术研究的各方面，特别是对海洋生物学，包括生物资源的养护和管理、海洋学、水文学、工程学、海底地质勘探、采矿和海水淡化技术的各级训练和教育方案；
(b) management studies;	（b）管理方面的研究；
(c) study programmes related to the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution;	（c）有关保护和保全海洋环境以及防止、减少和控制污染的研究方案；
(d) organization of regional conferences, seminars and symposia;	（d）区域性会议、讨论会和座谈会的组织；
(e) acquisition and processing of marine scientific and technological data and information;	（e）海洋科学和技术的资料和情报的取得和处理；
(f) prompt dissemination of results of marine scientific and technological research in readily available publications;	（f）海洋科学和技术研究成果由易于取得的出版物迅速传播；
(g) publicizing national policies with regard to the transfer of marine technology and systematic comparative study of those policies;	（g）有关海洋技术转让的国家政策的公布，和对这种政策的有系统的比较研究；
(h) compilation and systematization of information on the marketing of technology and on contracts and other arrangements concerning patents;	（h）关于技术的销售以及有关专利权的合同和其他安排的情报的汇编和整理；
(i) technical cooperation with other States of the region.	（i）与区域内其他国家的技术合作。
SECTION 4. COOPERATION AMONG INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS	第四节 国际组织间的合作
Article 278	第二七八条
Cooperation among international organizations	国际组织间的合作
The competent international organizations referred to in this Part and in Part XIII shall take all appropriate measures to ensure, either directly or in close cooperation among themselves, the effective discharge of their functions and responsibilities under this Part.	本部分和第十三部分所指的主管国际组织应采取一切适当措施，以便直接或在彼此密切合作中，确保本部分规定的它们的职务和责任得到有效的履行。
PART XV	第十五部分
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES	争端的解决
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS	第一节 一般规定
Article 279	第二七九条
Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means	用和平方法解决争端的义务
States Parties shall settle any dispute between them concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention by peaceful means in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations and, to this end, shall seek a solution by the means indicated in Article 33, paragraph 1, of the Charter.	各缔约国应按照《联合国宪章》第二条第三项以和平方法解决它们之间有关本公约的解释或适用的任何争端，并应为此目的以《宪章》第三十三条第一项所指的方法求得解决。
Article 280	第二八〇条
Settlement of disputes by any peaceful means chosen by the parties	用争端各方选择的任何和平方法解决争端
Nothing in this Part impairs the right of any States Parties to agree at any time to settle a dispute between them concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention by any peaceful means of their own choice.	本公约的任何规定均不损害任何缔约国于任何时候协议用自行选择的任何和平方法解决它们之间有关本公约的解释或适用的争端的权利。
Article 281	第二八一条
Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties	争端各方在争端未得到解决时所适用的程序
1. If the States Parties which are parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention have agreed to seek settlement of the dispute by a peaceful means of their own choice, the procedures provided for in this Part apply only where no settlement has been reached by recourse to such means and the agreement between the parties does not exclude any further procedure.	1．作为有关本公约的解释或适用的争端各方的缔约各国，如已协议用自行选择的和平方法来谋求解决争端，则只有在诉诸这种方法而仍未得到解决以及争端各方间的协议并不排除任何其他程序的情形下，才适用本部分所规定的程序。
2. If the parties have also agreed on a time-limit, paragraph 1 applies only upon the expiration of that time-limit.	2．争端各方如已就时限也达成协议，则只有在该时限届满时才适用第1款。
Article 282	第二八二条
Obligations under general, regional or bilateral agreements	一般性、区域性或双边协定规定的义务
If the States Parties which are parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention have agreed, through a general, regional or bilateral agreement or otherwise, that such dispute shall, at the request of any party to the dispute, be submitted to a procedure that entails a binding decision, that procedure shall apply in lieu of the procedures provided for in this Part, unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree.	作为有关本公约的解释或适用的争端各方的缔约各国如已通过一般性、区域性或双边协定或以其他方式协议，经争端任何一方请示，应将这种争端提交导致有拘束力裁判的程序，该程序应代替本部分规定的程序而适用，除非争端各方另有协议。
Article 283	第二八三条
Obligation to exchange views	交换意见的义务
1. When a dispute arises between States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, the parties to the dispute shall proceed expeditiously to an exchange of views regarding its settlement by negotiation or other peaceful means.	1．如果缔约国之间对本公约的解释或适用发生争端，争端各方应迅速就以谈判或其他和平方法解决争端一事交换意见。
2. The parties shall also proceed expeditiously to an exchange of views where a procedure for the settlement of such a dispute has been terminated without a settlement or where a settlement has been reached and the circumstances require consultation regarding the manner of implementing the settlement.	2．如果解决这种争端的程序已经终止，而争端仍未得到解决，或如已达成解决办法，而情况要求就解决办法的实施方式进行协商时，争端各方也应迅速着手交换意见。
Article 284	第二八四条
Conciliation	调解
1. A State Party which is a party to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention may invite the other party or parties to submit the dispute to conciliation in accordance with the procedure under Annex V, section 1, or another conciliation procedure.	1．作为有关本公约的解释或适用的争端一方的缔约国，可邀请他方按照附件五第一节规定的程序或另一种调解程序，将争端提交调解。
2. If the invitation is accepted and if the parties agree upon the conciliation procedure to be applied, any party may submit the dispute to that procedure.	2．如争端他方接受邀请，而且争端各方已就适用的调解程序达成协议，任何一方可将争端提交该程序。
3. If the invitation is not accepted or the parties do not agree upon the procedure, the conciliation proceedings shall be deemed to be terminated.	3．如争端他方未接受邀请，或争端各方未就程序达成协议，调解应视为终止。
4. Unless the parties otherwise agree, when a dispute has been submitted to conciliation, the proceedings may be terminated only in accordance with the agreed conciliation procedure.	4．除非争端各方另有协议，争端提交调解后，调解仅可按照协议的调解程序终止。
Article 285	第二八五条
Application of this section to disputes submitted pursuant to Part XI	本节对依据第十一部分提交的争端的适用
This section applies to any dispute which pursuant to Part XI, section 5, is to be settled in accordance with procedures provided for in this Part.	本节适用于依据第十一部分第五节应按照本部分规定的程序解决的任何争端。
If an entity other than a State Party is a party to such a dispute, this section applies mutatis mutandis.	缔约国以外的实体如为这种争端的一方，本节比照适用。
SECTION 2. COMPULSORY PROCEDURES ENTAILING BINDING DECISIONS	第二节 导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序
Article 286	第二八六条
Application of procedures under this section	本节规定的程序的适用
Subject to section 3, any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention shall, where no settlement has been reached by recourse to section 1, be submitted at the request of any party to the dispute to the court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this section.	在第三节限制下，有关本公约的解释或适用的任何争端，如已诉诸第一节而仍未得到解决，经争端任何一方请求，应提交根据本节具有管辖权的法院或法庭。
Article 287	第二八七条
Choice of procedure	程序的选择
1. When signing, ratifying or acceding to this Convention or at any time thereafter, a State shall be free to choose, by means of a written declaration, one or more of the following means for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention:	1．一国在签署、批准或加入本公约时，或在其后任何时间，应有自由用书面声明的方式选择下列一个或一个以上方法，以解决有关本公约的解释或适用的争端：
(a) the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea established in accordance with Annex VI;	（a） 按照附件六设立的国际海洋法法庭；
(b) the International Court of Justice;	（b） 国际法院；
(c) an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII;	（c） 按照附件七组成的仲裁法庭；
(d) a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VIII for one or more of the categories of disputes specified therein.	（d） 按照附件八组成的处理其中所列的一类或一类以上争端的特别仲裁法庭。
2. A declaration made under paragraph 1 shall not affect or be affected by the obligation of a State Party to accept the jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to the extent and in the manner provided for in Part XI, section 5.	2．根据第1款作出的声明，不应影响缔约国在第十一部分第五节规定的范围内和以该节规定的方式，接受国际海洋法法庭海底争端分庭管辖的义务，该声明亦不受缔约国的这种义务的影响。
3. A State Party, which is a party to a dispute not covered by a declaration in force, shall be deemed to have accepted arbitration in accordance with Annex VII.	3．缔约国如为有效声明所未包括的争端的一方，应视为已接受附件七所规定的仲裁。
4. If the parties to a dispute have accepted the same procedure for the settlement of the dispute, it may be submitted only to that procedure, unless the parties otherwise agree.	4．如果争端各方已接受同一程序以解决这项争端，除各方另有协议外，争端仅可提交该程序。
5. If the parties to a dispute have not accepted the same procedure for the settlement of the dispute, it may be submitted only to arbitration in accordance with Annex VII, unless the parties otherwise agree.	5．如果争端各方未接受同一程序以解决这项争端，除各方另有协议外，争端仅可提交附件七所规定的仲裁。
6. A declaration made under paragraph 1 shall remain in force until three months after notice of revocation has been deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	6．根据第1款作出的声明，应继续有效，至撤销声明的通知交存于联合王国秘书长后满三个月为止。
7. A new declaration, a notice of revocation or the expiry of a declaration does not in any way affect proceedings pending before a court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this article, unless the parties otherwise agree.	7．新的声明、撤销声明的通知或声明的满期，对于根据本条具有管辖权的法院或法庭进行中的程序并无任何影响，除非争端各方另有协议。
8. Declarations and notices referred to in this article shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the States Parties.	8．本条所指的声明和通知应交存于联合国秘书长，秘书长应将其副本分送各缔约国。
Article 288	第二八八条
Jurisdiction	管辖权
1. A court or tribunal referred to in article 287 shall have jurisdiction over any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which is submitted to it in accordance with this Part.	1．第二八七条所指的法院或法庭，对于按照本部分向其提出的有关本公约的解释或适用的任何争端，应具有管辖权。
2. A court or tribunal referred to in article 287 shall also have jurisdiction over any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of an international agreement related to the purposes of this Convention, which is submitted to it in accordance with the agreement.	2．第二八七条所指的法院或法庭，对于按照与本公约的目的有关的国际协定向其提出的有关该协定的解释或适用的任何争端，应具有管辖权。
3. The Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea established in accordance with Annex VI, and any other chamber or arbitral tribunal referred to in Part XI, section 5, shall have jurisdiction in any matter which is submitted to it in accordance therewith.	3．按照附件六设立的国际海洋法法庭海底争端分庭的第十一部分第五节所指的任何其他分庭或仲裁法庭，对按照该节向其提出的任何事项，应具有管辖权。
4. In the event of a dispute as to whether a court or tribunal has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by decision of that court or tribunal.	4．对于法院或法庭是否具有管辖权如果发生争端，这一问题应由该法院或法庭以裁定解决。
Article 289	第二八九条
Experts	专家
In any dispute involving scientific or technical matters, a court or tribunal exercising jurisdiction under this section may, at the request of a party or proprio motu, select in consultation with the parties no fewer than two scientific or technical experts chosen preferably from the relevant list prepared in accordance with Annex VIII, article 2, to sit with the court or tribunal but without the right to vote.	对于涉及科学和技术问题的任何争端，根据本节行使管辖权的法院或法庭，可在争端一方请求下或自已主动，并同争端各方协商，最好从按照附件八第二条编制的有关名单中，推选至少两名科学或技术专家列席法院或法庭，但无表决权。
Article 290	第二九〇条
Provisional measures	临时措施
1. If a dispute has been duly submitted to a court or tribunal which considers that prima facie it has jurisdiction under this Part or Part XI, section 5, the court or tribunal may prescribe any provisional measures which it considers appropriate under the circumstances to preserve the respective rights of the parties to the dispute or to prevent serious harm to the marine environment, pending the final decision.	1．如果争端已经正式提交法院或法庭，而该法院或法庭依据初步证明认为其根据本部分或第十一部分第五节具有管辖权，该法院或法庭可在最后裁判前，规定其根据情况认为适当的任何临时措施，以保全争端各方的各自权利或防止对海洋环境的严重损害。
2. Provisional measures may be modified or revoked as soon as the circumstances justifying them have changed or ceased to exist.	2．临时措施所根据的情况一旦改变或不复存在，即可修改或撤销。
3. Provisional measures may be prescribed, modified or revoked under this article only at the request of a party to the dispute and after the parties have been given an opportunity to be heard.	3．临时措施仅在争端一方提出请求并使争端各方有陈述意见的机会后，才可根据本条予以规定、修改或撤销。
4. The court or tribunal shall forthwith give notice to the parties to the dispute, and to such other States Parties as it considers appropriate, of the prescription, modification or revocation of provisional measures.	4．法院或法庭应将临时措施的规定、修改或撤销迅速通知争端各方及其认为适当的其他缔约国。
5. Pending the constitution of an arbitral tribunal to which a dispute is being submitted under this section, any court or tribunal agreed upon by the parties or, failing such agreement within two weeks from the date of the request for provisional measures, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or, with respect to activities in the Area, the Seabed Disputes Chamber, may prescribe, modify or revoke provisional measures in accordance with this article if it considers that prima facie the tribunal which is to be constituted would have jurisdiction and that the urgency of the situation so requires.	5．在争端根据本节正向其提交的仲裁法庭组成以前，经争端各方协议的任何法院或法庭，如在请求规定临时措施之日起两周内不能达成这种协议，则为国际海洋法法庭，或在关于“区域”内活动时的海底争端分庭，如果根据初步证明认为将予组成的法庭具有管辖权，而且认为情况紧急有此必要，可按照本条规定、修改或撤销临时措施。
Once constituted, the tribunal to which the dispute has been submitted may modify, revoke or affirm those provisional measures, acting in conformity with paragraphs 1 to 4.	受理争端的法庭一旦组成，即可依照第1至第4款行事，对这种临时措施予以修改，撤销或确认。
6. The parties to the dispute shall comply promptly with any provisional measures prescribed under this article.	6．争端各方应迅速遵从根据本条所规定的任何临时措施。
Article 291	第二九一条
Access	使用程序的机会
1. All the dispute settlement procedures specified in this Part shall be open to States Parties.	1．本部分规定的所有解决争端程序应对各缔约国开放。
2. The dispute settlement procedures specified in this Part shall be open to entities other than States Parties only as specifically provided for in this Convention.	2．本部分规定的解决争端程序应仅依本公约具体规定对缔约国以外的实体开放。
Article 292	第二九二条
Prompt release of vessels and crews	船只和船员的迅速释放
1. Where the authorities of a State Party have detained a vessel flying the flag of another State Party and it is alleged that the detaining State has not complied with the provisions of this Convention for the prompt release of the vessel or its crew upon the posting of a reasonable bond or other financial security, the question of release from detention may be submitted to any court or tribunal agreed upon by the parties or, failing such agreement within 10 days from the time of detention, to a court or tribunal accepted by the detaining State under article 287 or to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, unless the parties otherwise agree.	1．如果缔约国当局扣留了一艘悬挂另一缔约国旗帜的船只，而且据指控，扣留国在合理的保证书或其他财政担保经提供后仍然没有遵从本公约的规定，将该船只或其船员迅速释放，释放问题可向争端各方协议的任何法院或法庭提出，如从扣留时起十日内不能达成这种协议，则除争端各方另有协议外，可向扣留国根据第二八七条接受的法院或法庭，或向国际海洋法法庭提出。
2. The application for release may be made only by or on behalf of the flag State of the vessel.	2．这种释放的申请，仅可由船旗国或以该国名义提出。
3. The court or tribunal shall deal without delay with the application for release and shall deal only with the question of release, without prejudice to the merits of any case before the appropriate domestic forum against the vessel, its owner or its crew.	3．法院或法庭应不迟延地处理关于释放的申请，并且应仅处理释放问题，而不影响在主管的国内法庭对该船只、其船主或船员的任何案件的是非曲直。
The authorities of the detaining State remain competent to release the vessel or its crew at any time.	扣留国当局应仍有权随时释放该船只或其船员。
4. Upon the posting of the bond or other financial security determined by the court or tribunal, the authorities of the detaining State shall comply promptly with the decision of the court or tribunal concerning the release of the vessel or its crew.	4．在法院或法庭裁定的保证书或其他财政担保经提供后，扣留国当局应迅速遵从法院或法庭关于释放船只或其船员的裁定。
Article 293	第二九三条
Applicable law	适用的法律
1. A court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this section shall apply this Convention and other rules of international law not incompatible with this Convention.	1．根据本节具有管辖权的法院或法庭应适用本公约和其他与本公约不相抵触的国际法规则。
2. Paragraph l does not prejudice the power of the court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this section to decide a case ex aequo et bono, if the parties so agree.	2．如经当事各方同意，第1款并不妨害根据本节具有管辖权的法院或法庭按照公允和善良的原则对一项案件作出裁判的权力。
Article 294	第二九四条
Preliminary proceedings	初步程序
1. A court or tribunal provided for in article 287 to which an application is made in respect of a dispute referred to in article 297 shall determine at the request of a party, or may determine proprio motu, whether the claim constitutes an abuse of legal process or whether prima facie it is well founded.	1．第二八七条所规定的法院或法庭，就第二九七条所指争端向其提出的申请，应经一方请求决定，或可自己主动决定，该项权利主张是否构成滥用法律程序，或者根据初步证明是否有理由。
If the court or tribunal determines that the claim constitutes an abuse of legal process or is prima facie unfounded, it shall take no further action in the case.	法院或法庭如决定该项主张构成滥用法律程序或者根据初步证明并无理由，即不应对该案采取任何进一步行动。
2. Upon receipt of the application, the court or tribunal shall immediately notify the other party or parties of the application, and shall fix a reasonable time-limit within which they may request it to make a determination in accordance with paragraph 1.	2．法院或法庭收到这种申请，应立即将这项申请通知争端他方，并应指定争端他方可请求按照第1款作出一项决定的合理期限。
3. Nothing in this article affects the right of any party to a dispute to make preliminary objections in accordance with the applicable rules of procedure.	3．本条的任何规定不影响争端各方按照适用的程序规则提出初步反对的权利。
Article 295	第二九五条
Exhaustion of local remedies	用尽当地补救办法
Any dispute between States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention may be submitted to the procedures provided for in this section only after local remedies have been exhausted where this is required by international law.	缔约国间有关本公约的解释或适用的任何争端，仅在依照国际法的要求用尽当地补救办法后，才可提交本节规定的程序。
Article 296	第二九六条
Finality and binding force of decisions	裁判的确定性和拘束力
1. Any decision rendered by a court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this section shall be final and shall be complied with by all the parties to the dispute.	1．根据本节具有管辖权的法院或法庭对争端所作的任何裁判应有确定性，争端所有各方均应遵从。
2. Any such decision shall have no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular dispute.	2．这种裁判仅在争端各方间和对该特定争端具有拘束力。
SECTION 3. LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS TO APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 2	第三节 适用第二节的限制和例外
Article 297	第二九七条
Limitations on applicability of section 2	适用第二节的限制
1. Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention with regard to the exercise by a coastal State of its sovereign rights or jurisdiction provided for in this Convention shall be subject to the procedures provided for in section 2 in the following cases:	1．关于因沿海国行使本公约规定的主权权利或管辖权而发生的对本公约的解释或适用的争端，遇有下列情形，应遵守第二节所规定的程序：
(a) when it is alleged that a coastal State has acted in contravention of the provisions of this Convention in regard to the freedoms and rights of navigation, overflight or the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, or in regard to other internationally lawful uses of the sea specified in article 58;	（a） 据指控，沿海国在第五十八条规定的关于航行、飞越或铺设海底电缆和管道的自由和权利，或关于海洋的其他国际合法用途方面，有违反本公约的规定的行为；
(b) when it is alleged that a State in exercising the aforementioned freedoms, rights or uses has acted in contravention of this Convention or of laws or regulations adopted by the coastal State in conformity with this Convention and other rules of international law not incompatible with this Convention; or	（b） 据指控，一国在行使上述自由、权利或用途时，有违反本公约或沿海国按照本公约和其他与本公约不相抵触的国际法规则制定的法律或规章的行为；或
(c) when it is alleged that a coastal State has acted in contravention of specified international rules and standards for the protection and preservation of the marine environment which are applicable to the coastal State and which have been established by this Convention or through a competent international organization or diplomatic conference in accordance with this Convention.	（c） 据指控，沿海国有违反适用于该沿海国、并由本公约所制订或通过主管国际组织或外交会议按照本公约制定的关于保护和保全海洋环境的特定国际规则和标准的行为。
2. (a) Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Convention with regard to marine scientific research shall be settled in accordance with section 2, except that the coastal State shall not be obliged to accept the submission to such settlement of any dispute arising out of:	2．（a）本公约关于海洋科学研究的规定在解释或适用上的争端，应按照第二节解决，但对下列情形所引起的任何争端，沿海国并无义务同意将其提交这种解决程序：
(i) the exercise by the coastal State of a right or discretion in accordance with article 246; or	（1）沿海国按照第二四六条行使权利或斟酌决定权；或
(ii) a decision by the coastal State to order suspension or cessation of a research project in accordance with article 253.	（2）沿海国按照第二五三条决定命令暂停或停止一项研究计划。
(b) A dispute arising from an allegation by the researching State that with respect to a specific project the coastal State is not exercising its rights under articles 246 and 253 in a manner compatible with this Convention shall be submitted, at the request of either party, to conciliation under Annex V, section 2, provided that the conciliation commission shall not call in question the exercise by the coastal State of its discretion to designate specific areas as referred to in article 246, paragraph 6, or of its discretion to withhold consent in accordance with article 246, paragraph 5.	（b）因进行研究国家指控沿海国对某一特定计划行使第二四六和第二五三条所规定权利的方式不符合本公约而引起的争端，经任何一方请求，应按照附件五第二节提交调解程序，但调解委员会对沿海国行使斟酌决定权指定第二四六条第6款所指特定区域，或按照第二四六条第5款行使斟酌决定权拒不同意，不应提出疑问。
3. (a) Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Convention with regard to fisheries shall be settled in accordance with section 2, except that the coastal State shall not be obliged to accept the submission to such settlement of any dispute relating to its sovereign rights with respect to the living resources in the exclusive economic zone or their exercise, including its discretionary powers for determining the allowable catch, its harvesting capacity, the allocation of surpluses to other States and the terms and conditions established in its conservation and management laws and regulations.	3．（a） 对本公约关于渔业的规定在解释或适用上的争端，应按照第二节解决，但沿海国并无义务同意将任何有关其对专属经济区内生物资源的主权权利或此项权利的行使的争端，包括关于其对决定可捕量、其捕捞能力、分配剩余量给其他国家、其关于养护和管理这种资源的法律和规章中所制订的条款和条件的斟酌决定权的争端，提交这种解决程序。
(b) Where no settlement has been reached by recourse to section 1 of this Part, a dispute shall be submitted to conciliation under Annex V, section 2, at the request of any party to the dispute, when it is alleged that:	（b） 据指控有下列情事时，如已诉诸第一节而仍未得到解决，经争端任何一方请求，应将争端提交附件五第二节所规定的调解程序：
(i) a coastal State has manifestly failed to comply with its obligations to ensure through proper conservation and management measures that the maintenance of the living resources in the exclusive economic zone is not seriously endangered;	（1）一个沿海国明显地没有履行其义务，通过适当的养护和管理措施，以确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不致受到严重危害；
(ii) a coastal State has arbitrarily refused to determine, at the request of another State, the allowable catch and its capacity to harvest living resources with respect to stocks which that other State is interested in fishing; or	（2）一个沿海国，经另一国请求，对该另一国有意捕捞的种群，专断地拒绝决定可捕量及沿海国捕捞生物资源的能力；或
(iii) a coastal State has arbitrarily refused to allocate to any State, under articles 62, 69 and 70 and under the terms and conditions established by the coastal State consistent with this Convention, the whole or part of the surplus it has declared to exist.	（3）一个沿海国专断地拒绝根据第六十二、第六十九和第七十条以及该沿海国所制订的符合本公约的条款和条件，将其已宣布存在的剩余量的全部或一部分分配给任何国家。
(c) In no case shall the conciliation commission substitute its discretion for that of the coastal State.	（c） 在任何情形下，调解委员会不得以其斟酌决定权代替沿海国的斟酌决定权。
(d) The report of the conciliation commission shall be communicated to the appropriate international organizations.	（d） 调解委员会的报告应送交有关的国际组织。
(e) In negotiating agreements pursuant to articles 69 and 70, States Parties, unless they otherwise agree, shall include a clause on measures which they shall take in order to minimize the possibility of a disagreement concerning the interpretation or application of the agreement, and on how they should proceed if a disagreement nevertheless arises.	（e） 各缔约国在依据第六十九和第七十条谈判协定时，除另有协议外，应列入一个条款，规定各缔约国为了尽量减少对协定的解释或适用发生争议的可能性所应采取的措施，并规定如果仍然发生争议，各缔约国应采取何种步骤。
Article 298	第二九八条
Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2	适用第二节的任择性例外
1. When signing, ratifying or acceding to this Convention or at any time thereafter, a State may, without prejudice to the obligations arising under section 1, declare in writing that it does not accept any one or more of the procedures provided for in section 2 with respect to one or more of the following categories of disputes:	1．一国在签署、批准或加入本公约时，或在其后任何时间，在不妨害根据第一节所产生的义务的情形下，可以书面声明对于下列各类争端的一类或一类以上，不接受第二节规定的一种或一种以上的程序：
(a) (i) disputes concerning the interpretation or application of articles 15, 74 and 83 relating to sea boundary delimitations, or those involving historic bays or titles, provided that a State having made such a declaration shall, when such a dispute arises subsequent to the entry into force of this Convention and where no agreement within a reasonable period of time is reached in negotiations between the parties, at the request of any party to the dispute, accept submission of the matter to conciliation under Annex V, section 2; and provided further that any dispute that necessarily involves the concurrent consideration of any unsettled dispute concerning sovereignty or other rights over continental or insular land territory shall be excluded from such submission;	（a）（1）关于划定海洋边界的第十五、第七十四第八十三条在解释或适用上的争端，或涉及历史性海湾或所有权的争端，但如这种争端发生于本公约生效之后，经争端各方谈判仍未能在合理期间内达成协议，则作此声明的国家，经争端任何一方请求，应同意将该事项提交附件五第二节所规定的调解；此外，任何争端如果必然涉及同时审议与大陆或岛屿陆地领土的主权或其他权利有关的任何尚未解决的争端，则不应提交这一程序；
(ii) after the conciliation commission has presented its report, which shall state the reasons on which it is based, the parties shall negotiate an agreement on the basis of that report; if these negotiations do not result in an agreement, the parties shall, by mutual consent, submit the question to one of the procedures provided for in section 2, unless the parties otherwise agree;	（2） 在调解委员会提出其中说明所根据的理由的报告后，争端各方应根据该报告以谈判达成协议；如果谈判未能达成协议，经彼此同意，争端各方应将问题提交第二节所规定的程序之一，除非争端各方另有协议；
(iii) this subparagraph does not apply to any sea boundary dispute finally settled by an arrangement between the parties, or to any such dispute which is to be settled in accordance with a bilateral or multilateral agreement binding upon those parties;	（3） 本项不适用于争端各方已以一项安排确定解决的任何海洋边界争端，也不适用于按照对争端各方有拘束力的双边或多边协定加以解决的任何争端；
(b) disputes concerning military activities, including military activities by government vessels and aircraft engaged in non-commercial service, and disputes concerning law enforcement activities in regard to the exercise of sovereign rights or jurisdiction excluded from the jurisdiction of a court or tribunal under article 297, paragraph 2 or 3;	（b）关于军事活动，包括从事非商业服务的政府船只和飞机的军事活动的争端，以及根据第二九七条第2和第3款不属法院或法庭管辖的关于行使主权权利或管辖权的法律执行活动的争端；
(c) disputes in respect of which the Security Council of the United Nations is exercising the functions assigned to it by the Charter of the United Nations, unless the Security Council decides to remove the matter from its agenda or calls upon the parties to settle it by the means provided for in this Convention.	（c）正由联合国安全理事会执行《联合国宪章》所赋予的职务的争端，但安全理事会决定将该事项从其议程删除或要求争端各方用本公约规定的方法解决该争端者除外。
2. A State Party which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 may at any time withdraw it, or agree to submit a dispute excluded by such declaration to any procedure specified in this Convention.	2．根据第1款作出声明的缔约国，可随时撤回声明，或同意将该声明所排除的争端提交本公约规定的任何程序。
3. A State Party which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 shall not be entitled to submit any dispute falling within the excepted category of disputes to any procedure in this Convention as against another State Party, without the consent of that party.	3．根据第1款作出声明的缔约国，应无权对另一缔约国，将属于被除外的一类争端的任何争端，未经该另一缔约国同意，提交本公约的任何程序。
4. If one of the States Parties has made a declaration under paragraph 1(a) , any other State Party may submit any dispute falling within an excepted category against the declarant party to the procedure specified in such declaration.	4．如缔约国之一已根据第1款（a）项作出声明，任何其他缔约国可对作出声明的缔约国，将属于被除外一类的任何争端提交这种声明内指明的程序。
5. A new declaration, or the withdrawal of a declaration, does not in any way affect proceedings pending before a court or tribunal in accordance with this article, unless the parties otherwise agree.	5．新的声明，或声明的撤回，对按照本条在法院或法庭进行中的程序并无任何影响，除非争端各方另有协议。
6. Declarations and notices of withdrawal of declarations under this article shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the States Parties.	6．根据本条作出的声明和撤回声明的通知，应交存于联合国秘书长，秘书长应将其副本分送各缔约国。
Article 299	第二九九条
Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure	争端各方议定程序的权利
1. A dispute excluded under article 297 or excepted by a declaration made under article 298 from the dispute settlement procedures provided for in section 2 may be submitted to such procedures only by agreement of the parties to the dispute.	1．根据第二九七条或以一项按照第二九八条发表的声明予以除外，不依第二节所规定的解决争端程序处理的争端，只有经争端各方协议，才可提交这种程序。
2. Nothing in this section impairs the right of the parties to the dispute to agree to some other procedure for the settlement of such dispute or to reach an amicable settlement.	2．本节的任何规定不妨害争端各方为解决这种争端或达成和睦解决而协议某种其他程序的权利。
PART XVI	第十六部分
GENERAL PROVISIONS	一般规定
Article 300	第三〇〇条
Good faith and abuse of rights	诚意和滥用权利
States Parties shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed under this Convention and shall exercise the rights, jurisdiction and freedoms recognized in this Convention in a manner which would not constitute an abuse of right.	缔约国应诚意履行根据本公约承担的义务并应以不致构成滥用权利的方式，行使本公约所承认的权利、管辖权和自由。
Article 301	第三〇一条
Peaceful uses of the seas	海洋的和平使用
In exercising their rights and performing their duties under this Convention, States Parties shall refrain from any threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.	缔约国在根据本公约行使其权利和履行其义务时，应不对任何国家的领土完整或政治独立进行任何武力威胁或使用武力，或以任何其他与《联合国宪章》所载国际法原则不符的方式进行武力威胁或使用武力。
Article 302	第三〇二条
Disclosure of information	泄露资料
Without prejudice to the right of a State Party to resort to the procedures for the settlement of disputes provided for in this Convention, nothing in this Convention shall be deemed to require a State Party, in the fulfilment of its obligations under this Convention, to supply information the disclosure of which is contrary to the essential interests of its security.	在不妨害缔约国诉诸本公约规定的解决争端程序的权利的情形下，本公约的任何规定不应视为要求一个缔约国于履行其本公约规定的义务时提供如经泄露即违反该国基本安全利益的情报。
Article 303	第三〇三条
Archaeological and historical objects found at sea	在海洋发现的考古和历史文物
1. States have the duty to protect objects of an archaeological and historical nature found at sea and shall cooperate for this purpose.	1．各国有义务保护在海洋发现的考古和历史性文物，并应为此目的进行合作。
2. In order to control traffic in such objects, the coastal State may, in applying article 33, presume that their removal from the seabed in the zone referred to in that article without its approval would result in an infringement within its territory or territorial sea of the laws and regulations referred to in that article.	2．为了控制这种文物的贩运，沿海国可在适用第三十三条时推定，未经沿海国许可将这些文物移出该条所指海域的海床，将造成在其领土或领海内对该条所指法律和规章的违反。
3. Nothing in this article affects the rights of identifiable owners, the law of salvage or other rules of admiralty, or laws and practices with respect to cultural exchanges.	3．本条的任何规定不影响可辨认的物主的权利、打捞法或其他海事法规则，也不影响关于文化交流的法律和惯例。
4. This article is without prejudice to other international agreements and rules of international law regarding the protection of objects of an archaeological and historical nature.	4．本条不妨害关于保护考古和历史性文物的其他国际协定和国际法规则。
Article 304	第三〇四条
Responsibility and liability for damage	损害赔偿责任
The provisions of this Convention regarding responsibility and liability for damage are without prejudice to the application of existing rules and the development of further rules regarding responsibility and liability under international law.	本公约关于损害赔偿责任的条款不妨碍现行规则的适用和国际法上其他有关赔偿责任的规则的发展。
PART XVII	第十七部分
FINAL PROVISIONS	最后条款
Article 305	第三〇五条
Signature	签字
1. This Convention shall be open for signature by:	1．本公约应开放给下列各方签字：
(a) all States;	（a）所有国家；
(b) Namibia, represented by the United Nations Council for Namibia;	（b）纳米比亚，由联合国纳米比亚理事会代表；
(c) all self-governing associated States which have chosen that status in an act of self-determination supervised and approved by the United Nations in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and which have competence over the matters governed by this Convention, including the competence to enter into treaties in respect of those matters;	（c）在一项经联合国按照其大会第1514（XV）号决议监督并核准的自决行动中选择了自治地位，并对本公约所规定的事项具有权限，其中包括就该等事项缔结条约的权限的一切自治联系国；
(d) all self-governing associated States which, in accordance with their respective instruments of association, have competence over the matters governed by this Convention, including the competence to enter into treaties in respect of those matters;	（d）按照其各自的联系文书的规定，对本公约所规定的事项具有权限，其中包括就该等事项缔结条约的权限的一切自治联系国；
(e) all territories which enjoy full internal self-government, recognized as such by the United Nations, but have not attained full independence in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and which have competence over the matters governed by this Convention, including the competence to enter into treaties in respect of those matters;	（e）凡享有经联合国所承认的充分内部自治，但尚未按照大会第1514（XV）号决议取得完全独立的一切领土，这种领土须对本公约所规定的事项具有权限，其中包括就该等事项缔结条约的权限；
(f) international organizations, in accordance with Annex IX.	（f）国际组织，按照附件九。
2. This Convention shall remain open for signature until 9 December 1984 at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Jamaica and also, from 1 July 1983 until 9 December 1984, at United Nations Headquarters in New York.	2．本公约应持续开放签字，至一九八四年十二月九日止在牙买加外交部签字，此外，从一九八三年七月一日起至一九八四年十二月九日止，在纽约联合国总部签字。
Article 306	第三〇六条
Ratification and formal confirmation	批准和正式确认
This Convention is subject to ratification by States and the other entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b) , (c) , (d) and (e) , and to formal confirmation, in accordance with Annex IX, by the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(f)	本公约须经各国和第三〇五条第1款（b）、（c）、（d）和（e）项所指的其他实体批准，并经该条第1款（f）项所指的实体按照附件九予以正式确认。
The instruments of ratification and of formal confirmation shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	批准书和正式确认书应交存于联合国秘书长。
Article 307	第三〇七条
Accession	加入
This Convention shall remain open for accession by States and the other entities referred to in article 305.	本公约应持续开放给各国和第三〇五条所指的其他实体加入。
Accession by the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(f) , shall be in accordance with Annex IX.	第三〇五条第1款（f）项所指的实体应按照附件九加入。
The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	加入书应交存于联合国秘书长。
Article 308	第三〇八条
Entry into force	生效
1. This Convention shall enter into force 12 months after the date of deposit of the sixtieth instrument of ratification or accession.	1．本公约应自第六十份批准书或加入书交存之日后十二个月生效。
2. For each State ratifying or acceding to this Convention after the deposit of the sixtieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession, subject to paragraph 1.	2．对于在第六十份批准书或加入书交存以后批准或加入本公约的每一国家，在第1款限制下，本公约应在该国将批准书或加入书交存后第三十天起生效。
3. The Assembly of the Authority shall meet on the date of entry into force of this Convention and shall elect the Council of the Authority.	3．管理局大会应在本公约生效之日开会，并应选举管理局的理事会。
The first Council shall be constituted in a manner consistent with the purpose of article 161 if the provisions of that article cannot be strictly applied.	如果第一六一条的规定不能严格适用，则第一届理事会应以符合该条目的的方式组成。
4. The rules, regulations and procedures drafted by the Preparatory Commission shall apply provisionally pending their formal adoption by the Authority in accordance with Part XI.	4．筹备委员会草拟的规则、章程和程序，应在管理局按照第十一部分予以正式通过以前暂时适用。
5. The Authority and its organs shall act in accordance with resolution II of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea relating to preparatory investment and with decisions of the Preparatory Commission taken pursuant to that resolution.	5．管理局及其各机关应按照关于预备性投资的第三次联合国海洋法会议决议二以及筹备委员会依据该决议作出的各项决定行事。
Article 309	第三〇九条
Reservations and exceptions	保留和例外
No reservations or exceptions may be made to this Convention unless expressly permitted by other articles of this Convention.	除非本公约其他条款明示许可，对本公约不得作出保留或例外。
Article 310	第三一〇条
Declarations and statements	声明和说明
Article 309 does not preclude a State, when signing, ratifying or acceding to this Convention, from making declarations or statements, however phrased or named, with a view, inter alia, to the harmonization of its laws and regulations with the provisions of this Convention, provided that such declarations or statements do not purport to exclude or to modify the legal effect of the provisions of this Convention in their application to that State.	第三〇九条不排除一国在签署、批准或加入本公约时，作出不论如何措辞或用任何名称的声明或说明，目的在于除其他外使该国国内法律和规章同本公约规定取得协调，但须这种声明或说明无意排除或修改本公约规定适用于该缔约国的法律效力。
Article 311	第三一一条
Relation to other conventions and international agreements	同其他公约和国际协定的关系
1. This Convention shall prevail, as between States Parties, over the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea of 29 April 1958.	1．在各缔约国间，本公约应优于一九五八年四月二十九日日内瓦海洋法公约。
2. This Convention shall not alter the rights and obligations of States Parties which arise from other agreements compatible with this Convention and which do not affect the enjoyment by other States Parties of their rights or the performance of their obligations under this Convention.	2．本公约应不改变各缔约国根据与本公约相符合的其他条约而产生的权利和义务，但以不影响其他缔约国根据本公约享有其权利或履行其义务为限。
3. Two or more States Parties may conclude agreements modifying or suspending the operation of provisions of this Convention, applicable solely to the relations between them, provided that such agreements do not relate to a provision derogation from which is incompatible with the effective execution of the object and purpose of this Convention, and provided further that such agreements shall not affect the application of the basic principles embodied herein, and that the provisions of such agreements do not affect the enjoyment by other States Parties of their rights or the performance of their obligations under this Convention.	3．本公约两个或两个以上缔约国可订立仅在各该国相互关系上适用的、修改或暂停适用本公约的规定的协定，但须这种协定不涉及本公约中某项规定，如对该规定予以减损就与公约的目的及宗旨的有效执行不相符合，而且这种协定不应影响本公约所载各项基本原则的适用，同时这种协定的规定不影响其他缔约国根据本公约享有其权利和履行其义务。
4. States Parties intending to conclude an agreement referred to in paragraph 3 shall notify the other States Parties through the depositary of this Convention of their intention to conclude the agreement and of the modification or suspension for which it provides.	4．有意订立第3款所指任何协定的缔约国，应通过本公约的保管者将其订立协定的意思及该协定所规定对本公约的修改或暂停适用通知其他缔约国。
5. This article does not affect international agreements expressly permitted or preserved by other articles of this Convention.	5．本条不影响本公约其他条款明示许可或保持的其他国际协定。
6. States Parties agree that there shall be no amendments to the basic principle relating to the common heritage of mankind set forth in article 136 and that they shall not be party to any agreement in derogation thereof.	6．缔约国同意对第一三六条所载关于人类共同继承财产的基本原则不应有任何修正，并同意它们不应参加任何减损该原则的协定。
Article 312	第三一二条
Amendment	修正
1. After the expiry of a period of 10 years from the date of entry into force of this Convention, a State Party may, by written communication addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, propose specific amendments to this Convention, other than those relating to activities in the Area, and request the convening of a conference to consider such proposed amendments.	1．自本公约生效之日起十年期间届满后，缔约国可给联合国秘书长书面通知，对本公约提出不涉及“区域”内活动的具体修正案，并要求召开会议审议这种提出的修正案。
The Secretary-General shall circulate such communication to all States Parties.	秘书长应将这种通知分送所有缔约国。
If, within 12 months from the date of the circulation of the communication, not less than one half of the States Parties reply favourably to the request, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference.	如果在分送通知之日起十二个月以内，有不少于半数的缔约国作出答复赞成这一要求，秘书长应召开会议。
2. The decision-making procedure applicable at the amendment conference shall be the same as that applicable at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea unless otherwise decided by the conference.	2．适用于修正会议的作出决定的程序应与适用于第三次联合国海洋法会议的相同，除非会议另有决定。
The conference should make every effort to reach agreement on any amendments by way of consensus and there should be no voting on them until all efforts at consensus have been exhausted.	会议应作出各种努力就任何修正案以协商一致方式达成协议，且除非为谋求协商一致已用尽一切努力，不应就其进行表决。
Article 313	第三一三条
Amendment by simplified procedure	以简化程序进行修正
1. A State Party may, by written communication addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, propose an amendment to this Convention, other than an amendment relating to activities in the Area, to be adopted by the simplified procedure set forth in this article without convening a conference.	1．缔约国可给联合国秘书长书面通知，提议将本公约的修正案不经召开会议，以本条规定的简化程序予以通过，但关于“区域”内活动的修正案除外。
The Secretary-General shall circulate the communication to all States Parties.	秘书长应将通知分送所有缔约国。
2. If, within a period of 12 months from the date of the circulation of the communication, a State Party objects to the proposed amendment or to the proposal for its adoption by the simplified procedure, the amendment shall be considered rejected.	2．如果在从分送通知之日起十二个月内，一个缔约国反对提出的修正案或反对以简化程序通过修正案的提案，该提案应视为未通过。
The Secretary-General shall immediately notify all States Parties accordingly.	秘书长应立即相应地通知所有缔约国。
3. If, 12 months from the date of the circulation of the communication, no State Party has objected to the proposed amendment or to the proposal for its adoption by the simplified procedure, the proposed amendment shall be considered adopted.	3．如果从分送通知之日起十二个月后，没有任何缔约国反对提出的修正案或反对以简化程序将其通过的提案，提出的修正案应视为已通过。
The Secretary-General shall notify all States Parties that the proposed amendment has been adopted.	秘书长应通知所有缔约国提出的修正案已获通过。
Article 314	第三一四条
Amendments to the provisions of this Convention relating exclusively to activities in the Area	对本公约专门同“区域”内活动有关的规定的修正案
1. A State Party may, by written communication addressed to the Secretary-General of the Authority, propose an amendment to the provisions of this Convention relating exclusively to activities in the Area, including Annex VI, section 4.	1．缔约国可给管理局秘书长书面通知，对本公约专门同“区域”内活动有关的规定，其中包括附件六第四节，提出某项修正案。
The Secretary-General shall circulate such communication to all States Parties.	秘书长应将这种通知分送所有缔约国。
The proposed amendment shall be subject to approval by the Assembly following its approval by the Council.	提出的修正案经理事会核准后，应由大会核准。
Representatives of States Parties in those organs shall have full powers to consider and approve the proposed amendment.	各缔约国代表应有全权审议并核准提出的修正案。
The proposed amendment as approved by the Council and the Assembly shall be considered adopted.	提出的修正案经理事会和大会核准后，应视为已获通过。
2. Before approving any amendment under paragraph 1, the Council and the Assembly shall ensure that it does not prejudice the system of exploration for and exploitation of the resources of the Area, pending the Review Conference in accordance with article 155.	2．理事会和大会在根据第1款核准任何修正案以前，应确保该修正案在按照第一五五条召开审查会议以前不妨害勘探和开发“区域”内资源的制度。
Article 315	第三一五条
Signature, ratification of, accession to and authentic texts of amendments	修正案的签字、批准、加入和有效文本
1. Once adopted, amendments to this Convention shall be open for signature by States Parties for 12 months from the date of adoption, at United Nations Headquarters in New York, unless otherwise provided in the amendment itself.	1．本公约的修正案一旦通过，应自通过之日起十二个月内在纽约联合国总部对各缔约国开放签字，除非修正案本身另有决定。
2. Articles 306, 307 and 320 apply to all amendments to this Convention.	2．第三〇六、第三〇七和第三二〇条适用于本公约的所有修正案。
Article 316	第三一六条
Entry into force of amendments	修正案的生效
1. Amendments to this Convention, other than those referred to in paragraph 5, shall enter into force for the States Parties ratifying or acceding to them on the thirtieth day following the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession by two thirds of the States Parties or by 60 States Parties, whichever is greater.	1．除第5款所指修正案外，本公约的修正案，应在三分之二缔约国或六十个缔约国（以较大的数目为准）交存批准书或加入书后三十天对批准或加入的缔约国生效。
Such amendments shall not affect the enjoyment by other States Parties of their rights or the performance of their obligations under this Convention.	这种修正案不应影响其他缔约国根据本公约享有其权利或履行其义务。
2. An amendment may provide that a larger number of ratifications or accessions shall be required for its entry into force than are required by this article.	2．一项修正案可规定需要有比本条规定者更多的批准书或加入书才能生效。
3. For each State Party ratifying or acceding to an amendment referred to in paragraph 1 after the deposit of the required number of instruments of ratification or accession, the amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession.	3．对于在规定数目的批准书或加入书交存后批准或加入第1款所指修正案的缔约国，修正案应在其批准书或加入书交存后第三十天生效。
4. A State which becomes a Party to this Convention after the entry into force of an amendment in accordance with paragraph 1 shall, failing an expression of a different intention by that State:	4．在修正案按照第1款生效后成为本公约缔约国的国家，应在该国不表示其他意思的情形下：
(a) be considered as a Party to this Convention as so amended; and	（a）视为如此修正后的本公约的缔约国；并
(b) be considered as a Party to the unamended Convention in relation to any State Party not bound by the amendment.	（b）在其对不受修正案拘束的任何缔约国的关系上，视为未修正的本公约的缔约国。
5. Any amendment relating exclusively to activities in the Area and any amendment to Annex VI shall enter into force for all States Parties one year following the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession by three fourths of the States Parties.	5．专门关于“区域”内活动的任何修正案和附件六的任何修正案，应在四分之三缔约国交存批准书或加入书一年后对所有缔约国生效。
6. A State which becomes a Party to this Convention after the entry into force of amendments in accordance with paragraph 5 shall be considered as a Party to this Convention as so amended.	6．在修正案按照第5款生效后成为本公约缔约国的国家，应视为如此修正后本公约的缔约国。
Article 317	第三一七条
Denunciation	退出
1. A State Party may, by written notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, denounce this Convention and may indicate its reasons.	1．缔约国可给联合国秘书长书面通知退出本公约，并可说明其理由。
Failure to indicate reasons shall not affect the validity of the denunciation.	未说明理由应不影响退出的效力。
The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date of receipt of the notification, unless the notification specifies a later date.	退出应自接到通知之日后一年生效，除非通知中指明一个较后的日期。
2. A State shall not be discharged by reason of the denunciation from the financial and contractual obligations which accrued while it was a Party to this Convention, nor shall the denunciation affect any right, obligation or legal situation of that State created through the execution of this Convention prior to its termination for that State.	2．一国不应以退出为理由而解除该国为本公约缔约国时所承担的财政和合同义务，退出也不应影响本公约对该国停止生效前因本公约的执行而产生的该国的任何权利、义务或法律地位。
3. The denunciation shall not in any way affect the duty of any State Party to fulfil any obligation embodied in this Convention to which it would be subject under international law independently of this Convention.	3．退出决不影响任何缔约国按照国际法而无须基于本公约即应担负的履行本公约所载任何义务的责任。
Article 318	第三一八条
Status of Annexes	附件的地位
The Annexes form an integral part of this Convention and, unless expressly provided otherwise, a reference to this Convention or to one of its Parts includes a reference to the Annexes relating thereto.	各附件为本公约的组成部分，除另有明文规定外，凡提到本公约或其一个部分也就包括提到与其有关的附件。
Article 319	第三一九条
Depositary	保管者
1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of this Convention and amendments thereto.	1．联合国秘书长应为本公约及其修正案的保管者。
2. In addition to his functions as depositary, the Secretary-General shall:	2．秘书长除了作为保管者的职责以外，应：
(a) report to all States Parties, the Authority and competent international organizations on issues of a general nature that have arisen with respect to this Convention;	（a）将因本公约产生的一般性问题向所有缔约国、管理局和主管国际组织提出报告；
(b) notify the Authority of ratifications and formal confirmations of and accessions to this Convention and amendments thereto, as well as of denunciations of this Convention;	（b）将批准、正式确认和加入本公约及其修正案和退出本公约的情况通知管理局；
(c) notify States Parties of agreements in accordance with article 311, paragraph 4;	（c）按照第三一一条第4款将各项协定通知缔约国；
(d) circulate amendments adopted in accordance with this Convention to States Parties for ratification or accession;	（d）向缔约国分送按照本公约通过的修正案，以供批准或加入；
(e) convene necessary meetings of States Parties in accordance with this Convention.	（e）按照本公约召开必要的缔约国会议。
3. (a) The Secretary-General shall also transmit to the observers referred to in article 156:	3．（a）秘书长应向第一五六条所指的观察员递送：
(i) reports referred to in paragraph 2(a) ;	（1）第2款（a）项所指的一切报告；
(ii) notifications referred to in paragraph 2(b) and (c) ; and	（2）第2款（b）和（c）项所指的通知；和
(iii) texts of amendments referred to in paragraph 2(d) , for their information.	（3）第2款（d）项所指的修正案案文，供其参考。
(b) The Secretary-General shall also invite those observers to participate as observers at meetings of States Parties referred to in paragraph 2(e)	（b）秘书长应邀请这种观察员以观察员身份参加第2款（e）项所指的缔约国会议。
Article 320	第三二〇条
Authentic texts	有效文本
The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall, subject to article 305, paragraph 2, be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	本公约原本应在第三〇五条第2款限制下交存于联合国秘书长，其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文文本具有同等效力。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.	为此，下列全权代表，经正式授权，在本公约上签字，以资证明。
DONE AT MONTEGO BAY, this tenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-two.	一九八二年十二月十日订于蒙特哥湾。
ANNEX I.	附件一
HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES	高度回游鱼类
1. Albacore tuna: Thunnus alalunga.	1．长鳍金枪鱼：Thunnus alalunga。
2. Bluefin tuna: Thunnus thynnus.	2．金枪鱼：Thunnus thynnus。
3. Bigeye tuna: Thunnus obesus.	3．肥壮金枪鱼：Thunnus obesus。
4. Skipjack tuna: Katsuwonus pelamis.	4．鲣鱼：Katsuwonus pelamis。
5. Yellowfin tuna: Thunnus albacares.	5．黄鳍金枪鱼：Thunnus albacares。
6. Blackfin tuna: Thunnus atlanticus.	6．黑鳍金枪鱼：Thunnus atlanticus。
7. Little tuna: Euthynnus alletteratus; Euthynnus affinis.	7．小型金枪鱼：Euthynnus alletteratus；Euthynnus affinis。
8. Southern bluefin tuna: Thunnus maccoyii.	8．麦氏金枪鱼：Thunnus maccoyii。
9. Frigate mackerel: Auxis thazard; Auxis rochei.	9．扁舵鲣：Auxis thazard；Auxis rochei。
10. Pomfrets: Family Bramidae.	10．乌鲂科：Bramidae。
11. Marlins: Tetrapturus angustirostris; Tetrapturus belone; Tetrapturus pfluegeri; Tetrapturus albidus; Tetrapturus audax; Tetrapturus georgei; Makaira mazara; Makaira indica; Makaira nigricans.	11．枪鱼类：Tetrapturus angustirostris；Tetrapturus belone；Tetrapturus pfluegeri；Tetrapturus albidus；Tetrapturus audax；Tetrapturus georgei；Makaira mazara；Makaira indica；Makaira nigricans。
12. Sail-fishes: Istiophorus platypterus; Istiophorus albicans.	12．旗鱼类：Istiophorus platypterus；Istiophorus albicans。
13. Swordfish: Xiphias gladius.	13．箭鱼：Xiphias gladius。
14. Sauries: Scomberesox saurus; Cololabis saira; Cololabis adocetus; Scomberesox saurus scombroides.	14．竹刀鱼科：Scomberesox saurus；Cololabis saira；Cololabis adocetus；Scomberesox saurus scombroides。
15. Dolphin: Coryphaena hippurus; Coryphaena equiselis.	15．鱼其鳅：Coryphaena hippurus；Coryphaena equiselis。
16. Oceanic sharks: Hexanchus griseus; Cetorhinus maximus; Family Alopiidae; Rhincodon typus; Family Carcharhinidae; Family Sphyrnidae; Family Isurida.	16．大洋性鲨鱼类： Hexanchus griseus； Cetorhinus maximus； Family Alopiidae； Rhincodon typus； Family Carcharhinidae； Family Sphyrnidae； Family Isurida。
17. Cetaceans: Family Physeteridae; Family Balaenopteridae; Family Balaenidae; Family Eschrichtiidae; Family Monodontidae; Family Ziphiidae; Family Delphinidae.	17．鲸类： Family Physeteridae； Family Balaenopteridae； Family Balaenidae； Family Eschrichtiidae； Family Monodontidae； Family Ziphiidae； Family Delphinidae。
ANNEX II.	附件二
COMMISSION ON THE LIMITS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF	大陆架界限委员会
Article 1	第一条
In accordance with the provisions of article 76, a Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 nautical miles shall be established in conformity with the following articles.	按照第七十六条的规定，应依本附件以下各条成立一个二百海里以外大陆架界限委员会。
Article 2	第二条
1. The Commission shall consist of 21 members who shall be experts in the field of geology, geophysics or hydrography, elected by States Parties to this Convention from among their nationals, having due regard to the need to ensure equitable geographical representation, who shall serve in their personal capacities.	1．本委员会应由二十一名委员组成，委员会应是地质学、地球物理学或水文学方面的专家，由本公约缔约国从其国民中选出，选举时应妥为顾及确保公平地区代表制的必要，委员应以个人身分任职。
2. The initial election shall be held as soon as possible but in any case within 18 months after the date of entry into force of this Convention.	2．初次选举应尽快举行，无论如何应在本公约生效之日后十八个月内举行。
At least three months before the date of each election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties, inviting the submission of nominations, after appropriate regional consultations, within three months.	联合国秘书长应在每次选举之日前至少三个月发信给各缔约国，邀请它们在进行适当的区域协商后于三个月内提出候选人。
The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated and shall submit it to all the States Parties.	秘书长应依字母次序编制所有候选人的名单，并将名单提交所有缔约国。
3. Elections of the members of the Commission shall be held at a meeting of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters.	3．委员会委员的选举应由秘书长在联合国总部召开缔约国会议举行。
At that meeting, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Commission shall be those nominees who obtain a two-thirds majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting.	在该次会议上，缔约国的三分之二应构成法定人数，获得出席并参加表决的缔约国代表三分之二多数票的候选人应当选为委员会委员。
Not less than three members shall be elected from each geographical region.	从每一地理区域应至少选出三名委员。
4. The members of the Commission shall be elected for a term of five years. They shall be eligible for re-election.	4．当选的委员会委员任期五年，连选可连任。
5. The State Party which submitted the nomination of a member of the Commission shall defray the expenses of that member while in performance of Commission duties.	5．提出委员会委员候选人的缔约国应承担该委员在执行委员会职务期间的费用。
The coastal State concerned shall defray the expenses incurred in respect of the advice referred to in article 3, paragraph 1(b) , of this Annex.	有关沿海国应承担为提供本附件第三条第1款（b）项所指的咨询意见而引起的费用。
The secretariat of the Commission shall be provided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	委员会秘书处应由联合国秘书长提供。
Article 3	第三条
1. The functions of the Commission shall be:	1．委员会的职务应为：
(a) to consider the data and other material submitted by coastal States concerning the outer limits of the continental shelf in areas where those limits extend beyond 200 nautical miles, and to make recommendations in accordance with article 76 and the Statement of Understanding adopted on 29 August 1980 by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea;	（a）审议沿海国提出的关于扩展到二百海里以外的大陆架外部界限的资料和其他材料，并按照第七十六条和一九八〇年八月二十九日第三次联合国海洋法会议通过的谅解声明提出建议；
(b) to provide scientific and technical advice, if requested by the coastal State concerned during the preparation of the data referred to in subparagraph (a)	（b）经有关沿海国请求，在编制（a）项所述资料时，提供科学和技术咨询意见。
2. The Commission may cooperate, to the extent considered necessary and useful, with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, the International Hydrographic Organization and other competent international organizations with a view to exchanging scientific and technical information which might be of assistance in discharging the Commission's responsibilities.	2．委员会可在认为必要和有用的范围内与联合国教科文组织的政府间海洋学委员会、国际水文学组织及其他主管国际组织合作，以求交换可能有助于委员会执行职务的科学和技术情报。
Article 4	第四条
Where a coastal State intends to establish, in accordance with article 76, the outer limits of its continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, it shall submit particulars of such limits to the Commission along with supporting scientific and technical data as soon as possible but in any case within 10 years of the entry into force of this Convention for that State.	拟按照第七十六条划定其二百海里以外大陆架外部界限的沿海国，应将这种界限的详情连同支持这种界限的科学和技术资料，尽早提交委员会，而且无论如何应于本公约对该国生效后十年内提出。
The coastal State shall at the same time give the names of any Commission members who have provided it with scientific and technical advice.	沿海国应同时提出曾向其提供科学和技术咨询意见的委员会内任何委员的姓名。
Article 5	第五条
Unless the Commission decides otherwise, the Commission shall function by way of sub-commissions composed of seven members, appointed in a balanced manner taking into account the specific elements of each submission by a coastal State.	除委员会另有决定外，委员会应由七名委员组成的小组委员会执行职务，小组委员会委员应以平衡方式予以任命，同时考虑到沿海国提出的每一划界案的具体因素。
Nationals of the coastal State making the submission who are members of the Commission and any Commission member who has assisted a coastal State by providing scientific and technical advice with respect to the delineation shall not be a member of the sub-commission dealing with that submission but has the right to participate as a member in the proceedings of the Commission concerning the said submission.	为已提出划界案的沿海国国民的委员会委员，或曾提供关于划界的科学和技术咨询意见以协助该国的委员会委员，不得成为处理该案的小组委员会委员，但应有权以委员身分参与委员会处理该案的程序。
The coastal State which has made a submission to the Commission may send its representatives to participate in the relevant proceedings without the right to vote.	向委员会提出划界案的沿海国可派代表参与有关的程序，但无表决权。
Article 6	第六条
1. The sub-commission shall submit its recommendations to the Commission.	1．小组委员会应将其建议提交委员会。
2. Approval by the Commission of the recommendations of the sub-commission shall be by a majority of two thirds of Commission members present and voting.	2．小组委员会的建议应由委员会以出席并参加表决的委员三分之二多数核准。
3. The recommendations of the Commission shall be submitted in writing to the coastal State which made the submission and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	3．委员会的建议应以书面递交提出划界案的沿海国和联合国秘书长。
Article 7	第七条
Coastal States shall establish the outer limits of the continental shelf in conformity with the provisions of article 76, paragraph 8, and in accordance with the appropriate national procedures.	沿海国应依第七十六条第8款的规定并按照适当国家程序划定大陆架的外部界限。
Article 8	第八条
In the case of disagreement by the coastal State with the recommendations of the Commission, the coastal State shall, within a reasonable time, make a revised or new submission to the Commission.	在沿海国不同意委员会建议的情形下，沿海国应于合理期间内向委员会提出订正的或新的划界案。
Article 9	第九条
The actions of the Commission shall not prejudice matters relating to delimitation of boundaries between States with opposite or adjacent coasts.	委员会的行动不应妨害海岸相向或相邻国家间划定界限的事项。
ANNEX III.	附件三
BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION	探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件
Article 1	第一条
Title to minerals	矿物的所有权
Title to minerals shall pass upon recovery in accordance with this Convention.	矿物按照本公约回收时，其所有权即转移。
Article 2	第二条
Prospecting	探矿
1. (a) The Authority shall encourage prospecting in the Area.	1．（a）管理局应鼓励在“区域”内探矿。
(b) Prospecting shall be conducted only after the Authority has received a satisfactory written undertaking that the proposed prospector will comply with this Convention and the relevant rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority concerning cooperation in the training programmes referred to in articles 143 and 144 and the protection of the marine environment, and will accept verification by the Authority of	（b）探矿只有在管理局收到一项令人满意的书面承诺以后才可进行，申请探矿者应在其中承诺遵守本公约和管理局关于在第一四三和第一四四条所指的训练方案方面进行合作以及保护海洋环境的规则、规章和程序，并接受管理局对其是否加以遵守进行查核。
compliance therewith. The proposed prospector shall, at the same time, notify the Authority of the approximate area or areas in which prospecting is to be conducted.	申请探矿者在提出承诺的同时，应将准备进行探矿的一个或多个区域的大约面积通知管理局。
(c) Prospecting may be conducted simultaneously by more than one prospector in the same area or areas.	（c）一个以上的探矿者可在同一个或几个区域内同时进行探矿。
2. Prospecting shall not confer on the prospector any rights with respect to resources.	2．探矿不应使探矿者取得对资源的任何权利。
A prospector may, however, recover a reasonable quantity of minerals to be used for testing.	但是，探矿者可回收合理数量的矿物供试验之用。
Article 3	第三条
Exploration and exploitation	勘探和开发
1. The Enterprise, States Parties, and the other entities referred to in article 153, paragraph 2(b) , may apply to the Authority for approval of plans of work for activities in the Area.	1．企业部、缔约国和第一五三条第2款（b）项所指的其他实体，可向管理局申请核准其关于“区域”内活动的工作计划。
2. The Enterprise may apply with respect to any part of the Area, but applications by others with respect to reserved areas are subject to the additional requirements of article 9 of this Annex.	2．企业部可对“区域”的任何部分提出申请，但其他方面对保留区域的申请，应受本附件第九条各项附加条件的限制。
3. Exploration and exploitation shall be carried out only in areas specified in plans of work referred to in article 153, paragraph 3, and approved by the Authority in accordance with this Convention and the relevant rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	3．勘探和开发应只在第一五三条第3款所指的，并经管理局按照本公约以及管理局的有关规则、规章和程序核准的工作计划中所列明的区域内进行。
4. Every approved plan of work shall:	4．每一核准的工作计划应：
(a) be in conformity with this Convention and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority;	（a）遵守本公约和管理局的规则、规章和程序；
(b) provide for control by the Authority of activities in the Area in accordance with article 153, paragraph 4;	（b）规定管理局按照第一五三条第4款控制“区域”内活动；
(c) confer on the operator, in accordance with the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, the exclusive right to explore for and exploit the specified categories of resources in the area covered by the plan of work.	（c）按照管理局的规则、规章和程序，授予经营者在工作计划所包括的区域内勘探和开发指明类别的资源的专属权利。
If, however, the applicant presents for approval a plan of work covering only the stage of exploration or the stage of exploitation, the approved plan of work shall confer such exclusive right with respect to that stage only.	如果申请者申请核准只包括勘探阶段和开发阶段的工作计划，核准的工作计划应只就该阶段给予这种专属权利。
5. Upon its approval by the Authority, every plan of work, except those presented by the Enterprise, shall be in the form of a contract concluded between the Authority and the applicant or applicants.	5．经管理局核准后，每项工作计划，除企业部提出者外，应采取由管理局和一个或几个申请者订立合同的形式。
Article 4	第四条
Qualifications of applicants	申请者的资格
1. Applicants, other than the Enterprise, shall be qualified if they have the nationality or control and sponsorship required by article 153, paragraph 2(b) , and if they follow the procedures and meet the qualification standards set forth in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	1．企业部以外的申请者如具备第一五三条第2款（b）项所指明的国籍或控制和担保，且如遵守管理局规则、规章和程序所载列的程序并符合其中规定的资格标准，即应取得资格。
2. Except as provided in paragraph 6, such qualification standards shall relate to the financial and technical capabilities of the applicant and his performance under any previous contracts with the Authority.	2．除第6款所规定者外，上述资格标准应包括申请者的财政和技术能力及其履行以前同管理局订立的任何合同的情形。
3. Each applicant shall be sponsored by the State Party of which it is a national unless the applicant has more than one nationality, as in the case of a partnership or consortium of entities from several States, in which event all States Parties involved shall sponsor the application, or unless the applicant is effectively controlled by another State Party or its nationals, in which event both States Parties shall sponsor the application.	3．每一申请者应由其国籍所属的缔约国担保，除非申请者具有一个以上的国籍，例如几个国家的实体组成的合伙团体或财团，在这种情形下，所有涉及的缔约国都应担保申请；或者除非申请者是由另一个缔约国或其国民有效控制，在这种情形下，两个缔约国都应担保申请。
The criteria and procedures for implementation of the sponsorship requirements shall be set forth in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	实施担保规定的标准和程序应载入管理局的规则、规章和程序。
4. The sponsoring State or States shall, pursuant to article 139, have the responsibility to ensure, within their legal systems, that a contractor so sponsored shall carry out activities in the Area in conformity with the terms of its contract and its obligations under this Convention.	4．担保国应按照第一三九条，负责在其法律制度范围内，确保所担保的承包者应依据合同条款及其在本公约下的义务进行“区域”内活动。
A sponsoring State shall not, however, be liable for damage caused by any failure of a contractor sponsored by it to comply with its obligations if that State Party has adopted laws and regulations and taken administrative measures which are, within the framework of its legal system, reasonably appropriate for securing compliance by persons under its jurisdiction.	但如该担保国已制定法律和规章并采取行政措施，而这些法律和规章及行政措施在其法律制度范围内可以合理地认为足以使在其管辖下的人遵守时，则该国对其所担保的承包者因不履行义务而造成的损害，应无赔偿责任。
5. The procedures for assessing the qualifications of States Parties which are applicants shall take into account their character as States.	5．缔约国为申请者时，审查其资格的程序，应顾及申请者是国家的特性。
6. The qualification standards shall require that every applicant, without exception, shall as part of his application undertake:	6．资格标准应规定，作为申请的一部分，每一申请者，一无例外，都应承诺：
(a) to accept as enforceable and comply with the applicable obligations created by the provisions of Part XI, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, the decisions of the organs of the Authority and terms of his contracts with the Authority;	（a）履行因第十一部分的规定，管理局的规则、规章和程序，管理局各机关的决定和同管理局订立的合同而产生的对其适用的义务，并同意它是可以执行的；
(b) to accept control by the Authority of activities in the Area, as authorized by this Convention;	（b）接受管理局经本公约允许对“区域”内活动行使的控制；
(c) to provide the Authority with a written assurance that his obligations under the contract will be fulfilled in good faith;	（c）向管理局提出书面保证，表示将诚意履行其依合同应予履行的义务；
(d) to comply with the provisions on the transfer of technology set forth in article 5 of this Annex.	（d）遵守本附件第五条所载有关技术转让的规定。
Article 5	第五条
Transfer of technology	技术转让
1. When submitting a plan of work, every applicant shall make available to the Authority a general description of the equipment and methods to be used in carrying out activities in the Area, and other relevant non-proprietary information about the characteristics of such technology and information as to where such technology is available.	1．每一申请者在提出工作计划时，应向管理局提交关于进行“区域”内活动所使用的装备和方法的一般性说明，以及关于这种技术的特征的其他非专有的有关情报和可以从何处取得这种技术的情报。
2. Every operator shall inform the Authority of revisions in the description and information made available pursuant to paragraph 1 whenever a substantial technological change or innovation is introduced.	2．经营者每当作出重大的技术改变或革新时，均应将对依据第1款提出的说明和情报所作的修改通知管理局。
3. Every contract for carrying out activities in the Area shall contain the following undertakings by the contractor:	3．进行“区域”内活动的合同，均应载明承包者的下列承诺：
(a) to make available to the Enterprise on fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions, whenever the Authority so requests, the technology which he uses in carrying out activities in the Area under the contract, which the contractor is legally entitled to transfer.	（a）经管理局一旦提出要求，即以公平合理的商业条款和条件向企业部提供他根据合同进行“区域”内活动时所使用而且该承包者在法律上有权转让的技术。
This shall be done by means of licences or other appropriate arrangements which the contractor shall negotiate with the Enterprise and which shall be set forth in a specific agreement supplementary to the contract.	这应以承包者与企业部商定并在补充合同的特别协议中订明的特许方式或其他适当安排来履行。
This undertaking may be invoked only if the Enterprise finds that it is unable to obtain the same or equally efficient and useful technology on the open market on fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions;	这一承诺只有当企业部认定无法在公开市场上以公平合理的商业条款和条件取得相同的或同样有效而有用的技术时才可援用；
(b) to obtain a written assurance from the owner of any technology used in carrying out activities in the Area under the contract, which is not generally available on the open market and which is not covered by subparagraph (a) , that the owner will, whenever the Authority so requests, make that technology available to the Enterprise under licence or other appropriate arrangements and on fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions, to the same extent as made available to the contractor.	（b）对于根据合同进行“区域”内活动所使用，但通常不能在公开市场上获得，而且为（a）项所不包括的任何技术，从技术所有人取得书面保证，经管理局一旦提出要求，技术所有人将以特许方式或其他适当安排，并以公平合理的商业条款和条件，在向承包者提供这种技术的同样程度上向企业部提供这种技术。
If this assurance is not obtained, the technology in question shall not be used by the contractor in carrying out activities in the Area;	如未取得这项保证，承包者进行“区域”内活动即不应使用这种技术；
(c) to acquire from the owner by means of an enforceable contract, upon the request of the Enterprise and if it is possible to do so without substantial cost to the contractor, the legal right to transfer to the Enterprise any technology used by the contractor, in carrying out activities in the Area under the contract, which the contractor is otherwise not legally entitled to transfer and which is not generally available on the open market.	（c）经企业部提出要求，而承包者又不致因此承担巨大费用时，对承包者根据合同进行“区域”内活动所使用而在法律上无权转让，并且通常不能在公开市场上获得的任何技术，通过一项可以执行的合同，从技术所有人取得转让给企业部的法律权利。
In cases where there is a substantial corporate relationship between the contractor and the owner of the technology, the closeness of this relationship and the degree of control or influence shall be relevant to the determination whether all feasible measures have been taken to acquire such a right.	在承包者与技术所有人之间具有实质性公司关系的情形下，应参酌这种关系的密切程度和控制或影响的程度来判断是否已采取一切可行的措施。
In cases where the contractor exercises effective control over the owner, failure to acquire from the owner the legal right shall be considered relevant to the contractor's qualification for any subsequent application for approval of a plan of work;	在承包者对技术所有人实施有效控制的情形下，如未从技术所人取得这种法律权利，即应视为同承包者以后申请核准任何工作计划的资格有关；
(d) to facilitate, upon the request of the Enterprise, the acquisition by the Enterprise of any technology covered by subparagraph (b) , under licence or other appropriate arrangements and on fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions, if the Enterprise decides to negotiate directly with the owner of the technology;	（d）如企业部决定同技术所有人直接谈判取得技术，经企业部要求，便利企业部以特许方式或其他适当安排，并以公平合理的商业条款和条件，取得（b）项所包括的任何技术；
(e) to take the same measures as are prescribed in subparagraphs (a) , (b) , (c) and (d) for the benefit of a developing State or group of developing States which has applied for a contract under article 9 of this Annex, provided that these measures shall be limited to the exploitation of the part of the area proposed by the contractor which has been reserved pursuant to article 8 of this Annex and provided that activities under the contract sought by the developing State or group of developing States would not involve transfer of technology to a third State or the nationals of a third State.	（e）为了按照本附件第九条申请合同的发展中国家或发展中国家集团的利益，采取（a）、（b）、（c）和（d）项所规定的相同措施，但此项措施应以对承包者所提出的按照本附件第八条已予保留的一部分区域的开发为限，而且该发展中国家或发展中国家集团所申请的根据合同进行的活动须不涉及对第三国或第三国国民的技术转让。
The obligation under this provision shall only apply with respect to any given contractor where technology has not been requested by the Enterprise or transferred by that contractor to the Enterprise.	根据本项的义务应只在尚未经企业部要求提供技术或尚未由特定承包者向企业部转让的情形下，才对该承包者适用。
4. Disputes concerning undertakings required by paragraph 3, like other provisions of the contracts, shall be subject to compulsory settlement in accordance with Part XI and, in cases of violation of these undertakings, suspension or termination of the contract or monetary penalties may be ordered in accordance with article 18 of this Annex.	4．关于第3款所要求的承诺的争端，象合同其他规定一样，均应按照第十一部分提交强制解决程序，遇有违反这种承诺的情形，则可按照本附件第十八条命令暂停或终止合同或课以罚款。
Disputes as to whether offers made by the contractor are within the range of fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions may be submitted by either party to binding commercial arbitration in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules or such other arbitration rules as may be prescribed in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	关于承包者所作提议是否在公平合理的商业条款和条件的范围内的争端，可由任何一方按照联合国国际贸易法委员会的仲裁规则或管理局的规则、规章和程序可能有所规定的其他仲裁规则，提交有拘束力的商业仲裁。
If the finding is that the offer made by the contractor is not within the range of fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions, the contractor shall be given 45 days to revise his offer to bring it within that range before the Authority takes any action in accordance with article 18 of this Annex.	如果裁决认为承包者所作提议不在公平合理的商业条款和条件的范围以内，则在管理局按照本附件第十八条采取任何行动以前，应给予承包者四十五天的时间以修改其提议，使其合乎上述范围。
5. If the Enterprise is unable to obtain on fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions appropriate technology to enable it to commence in a timely manner the recovery and processing of minerals from the Area, either the Council or the Assembly may convene a group of States Parties composed of those which are engaged in activities in the Area, those which have sponsored entities which are engaged in activities in the Area and other States Parties having access to such technology.	5．如果企业部未能以公平合理的商业条款和条件取得适当的技术，使其能及时开始回收和加工“区域”的矿物，理事会或大会可召集由从事“区域”内活动的缔约国、担保实体从事“区域”内活动的缔约国、以及可以取得这种技术的其他缔约国组成的一个集团。
This group shall consult together and shall take effective measures to ensure that such technology is made available to the Enterprise on fair and reasonable commercial terms and conditions.	这个集团应共同协商，并应采取有效措施，以保证这种技术以公平合理的商业条款和条件向企业部提供。
Each such State Party shall take all feasible measures to this end within its own legal system.	每一个这种缔约国都应在其自己的法律制度范围内，为此目的采取一切可行的措施。
6. In the case of joint ventures with the Enterprise, transfer of technology will be in accordance with the terms of the joint venture agreement.	6．在同企业部进行联合企业的情形下，技术转让将按照联合企业协议的条款进行。
7. The undertakings required by paragraph 3 shall be included in each contract for the carrying out of activities in the Area until 10 years after the commencement of commercial production by the Enterprise, and may be invoked during that period.	7．第3款所要求的承诺应列入进行“区域”内活动的每一个合同，至企业部开始商业生产后十年为止，在这段期间内可援引这些承诺。
8. For the purposes of this article, "technology" means the specialized equipment and technical know-how, including manuals, designs, operating instructions, training and technical advice and assistance, necessary to assemble, maintain and operate a viable system and the legal right to use these items for that purpose on a non-exclusive basis.	8．为本条的目的，“技术”是指专用设备和技术知识，包括为装配、维护和操作一个可行的系统所必要的手册、设计、操作指示、训练及技术咨询和支援，以及在非专属性的基础上为该目的使用以上各个项目的法律权利。
Article 6	第六条
Approval of plans of work	工作计划的核准
1. Six months after the entry into force of this Convention, and thereafter each fourth month, the Authority shall take up for consideration proposed plans of work.	1．管理局应于本公约生效后六个月，以及其后每逢第四个月，对提议的工作计划进行审查。
2. When considering an application for approval of a plan of work in the form of a contract, the Authority shall first ascertain whether:	2．管理局在审查请求核准合同形式的工作计划的申请时，应首先查明：
(a) the applicant has complied with the procedures established for applications in accordance with article 4 of this Annex and has given the Authority the undertakings and assurances required by that article.	（a）申请者是否遵守按照本附件第四条规定的申请程序，并已向管理局提供该条所规定的任何这种承诺和保证。
In cases of non-compliance with these procedures or in the absence of any of these undertakings and assurances, the applicant shall be given 45 days to remedy these defects;	在没有遵守这种程序或未作任何这种承诺和保证的情形下，应给予申请者四十五天的时间来补救这些缺陷；
(b) the applicant possesses the requisite qualifications provided for in article 4 of this Annex.	（b）申请者是否具备本附件第四条所规定的必要资格。
3. All proposed plans of work shall be taken up in the order in which they are received.	3．所有提议的工作计划，应按其收到的顺序予以处理。
The proposed plans of work shall comply with and be governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, including those on operational requirements, financial contributions and the undertakings concerning the transfer of technology.	提议的工作计划应符合并遵守本公约的有关条款以及管理局各项规则、规章和程序，其中包括关于作业条件、财政贡献和有关技术转让承诺的那些规则、规章和程序。
If the proposed plans of work conform to these requirements, the Authority shall approve them provided that they are in accordance with the uniform and non-discriminatory requirements set forth in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, unless:	如果提议的工作计划符合这些条件，管理局应核准工作计划，但须这些计划符合管理局的规则、规章和程序所载的划一而无歧视的条件，除非：
(a) part or all of the area covered by the proposed plan of work is included in an approved plan of work or a previously submitted proposed plan of work which has not yet been finally acted on by the Authority;	（a）提议的工作计划所包括的区域的一部或全部，包括在一个已获核准的工作计划之中，或者在前已提出，但管理局尚未对其采取最后行动的提议的工作计划之中；
(b) part or all of the area covered by the proposed plan of work is disapproved by the Authority pursuant to article 162, paragraph 2(x) ; or	（b）提议的工作计划所包括的区域的一部或全部是管理局按照第一六二条第2款（X）项所未予核准的；或
(c) the proposed plan of work has been submitted or sponsored by a State Party which already holds:	（c）提议的工作计划已经由一个缔约国提出或担保，而且该缔约国已持有：
(i) plans of work for exploration and exploitation of polymetallic nodules in non-reserved areas that, together with either part of the area covered by the application for a plan of work, exceed in size 30 per cent of a circular area of 400,000 square kilometres surrounding the centre of either part of the area covered by the proposed plan of work;	（1）在非保留区域进行勘探和开发多金属结核的工作计划，而这些区域连同工作计划申请书所包括的区域的两个部分之一，其总面积将超过围绕提议的工作计划所包括的区域任一部分之中心的40万平方公里圆形面积的百分之三十；或
(ii) plans of work for the exploration and exploitation of polymetallic nodules in non-reserved areas which, taken together, constitute 2 per cent of the total seabed area which is not reserved or disapproved for exploitation pursuant to article 162, paragraph (2) (x)	（2）在非保留区域进行勘探和开发多金属结核的工作计划，而这些区域合并计算构成海底区域中未予保留或未依据第一六二条第2款（X）项不准开发的部分的总面积的百分之二。
4. For the purpose of the standard set forth in paragraph 3(c) , a plan of work submitted by a partnership or consortium shall be counted on a pro rata basis among the sponsoring States Parties involved in accordance with article 4, paragraph 3, of this Annex.	4．为了第3款（c）项所指标准的目的，一个合伙团体或财团所提议的工作计划应在按照本附件第四条第3款规定提出担保的各缔约国间按比例计算。
The Authority may approve plans of work covered by paragraph 3(c) if it determines that such approval would not permit a State Party or entities sponsored by it to monopolize the conduct of activities in the Area or to preclude other States Parties from activities in the Area.	如果管理局确定第3款（c）项所述工作计划的核准不致使一个缔约国或由其担保的实体垄断“区域”内活动的进行，或者排除其他缔约国进行“区域”内活动，管理局可核准这种计划。
5. Notwithstanding paragraph 3(a) , after the end of the interim period specified in article 151, paragraph 3, the Authority may adopt by means of rules, regulations and procedures other procedures and criteria consistent with this Convention for deciding which applicants shall have plans of work approved in cases of selection among applicants for a proposed area.	5．虽有第3款（a）项，在第一五一条第3款所规定的过渡期间结束后，管理局可以通过规则、规章和程序制订其他符合本公约规定的程序和准则，以便在须对提议区域的申请者作出选择的情形下，决定哪些工作计划应予核准。
These procedures and criteria shall ensure approval of plans of work on an equitable and non-discriminatory basis.	这些程序和准则应确保在公平和无歧视的基础上核准工作计划。
Article 7	第七条
Selection among applicants for production authorizations	生产许可的申请者的选择
1. Six months after the entry into force of this Convention, and thereafter each fourth month, the Authority shall take up for consideration applications for production authorizations submitted during the immediately preceding period. The Authority shall issue the authorizations applied for if all such applications can be approved without exceeding the production limitation or contravening the obligations of the Authority under a commodity agreement or arrangement to which it has become a party, as provided in article 151.	1．管理局应于本公约生效后六个月以及其后每逢第四个月，对于在紧接的前一段期间内提出的生产许可申请进行审查，如果核准所有这些申请不会超出第一五一条规定的生产限制或违背管理局按照该条参与的商品协定或安排下的义务，则管理局应发给所申请的许可。
2. When a selection must be made among applicants for production authorizations because of the production limitation set forth in article 151, paragraphs 2 to 7, or because of the obligations of the Authority under a commodity agreement or arrangement to which it has become a party, as provided for in article 151, paragraph 1, the Authority shall make the selection on the basis of objective and non-discriminatory standards set forth in its rules, regulations and procedures.	2．如果由于第一五一条第2至7款所规定的生产限制，或由于管理局按照第一五一条第1款的规定参与的商品协定或安排下的义务而必须在生产许可的申请者中作出选择时，管理局应以其规则、规章和程序中所订客观而无歧视的标准进行选择。
3. In the application of paragraph 2, the Authority shall give priority to those applicants which:	3．在适用第2款时，管理局应对下列申请者给予优先：
(a) give better assurance of performance, taking into account their financial and technical qualifications and their performance, if any, under previously approved plans of work;	（a）能够提供较好成绩保证者，考虑到申请者的财政和技术资格，及其执行任何以前核准的工作计划的已有成绩；
(b) provide earlier prospective financial benefits to the Authority, taking into account when commercial production is scheduled to begin;	（b）预期能够向管理局较早提供财政利益者，考虑到预定何时开始商业生产；
(c) have already invested the most resources and effort in prospecting or exploration.	（c）在探矿和勘探方面已投入最多资源和尽最大努力者。
4. Applicants which are not selected in any period shall have priority in subsequent periods until they receive a production authorization.	4．未在任何期间内被选定的申请者，在随后各段期间应有优先，直到其取得生产许可为止。
5. Selection shall be made taking into account the need to enhance opportunities for all States Parties, irrespective of their social and economic systems or geographical locations so as to avoid discrimination against any State or system, to participate in activities in the Area and to prevent monopolization of those activities.	5．申请者的选择应考虑到有必要使所有缔约国，不论其社会经济制度或地理位置如何，都有更多的机会参加“区域”内活动，以避免对任何国家或制度有所歧视，并防止垄断这种活动。
6. Whenever fewer reserved areas than non-reserved areas are under exploitation, applications for production authorizations with respect to reserved areas shall have priority.	6．当开发的保留区域少于非保留区域时，对保留区域生产许可的申请应有优先。
7. The decisions referred to in this article shall be taken as soon as possible after the close of each period.	7．本条所述的各项决定，应于每一段期间结束后尽快作出。
Article 8	第八条
Reservation of areas	区域的保留
Each application, other than those submitted by the Enterprise or by any other entities for reserved areas, shall cover a total area, which need not be a single continuous area, sufficiently large and of sufficient estimated commercial value to allow two mining operations.	每项申请，除了企业部或任何其他实体就保留区域所提出者外，应包括一个总区域，它不一定是一个单一连续的区域，但须足够大并有足够的估计商业价值，可供从事两起采矿作业。
The applicant shall indicate the coordinates dividing the area into two parts of equal estimated commercial value and submit all the data obtained by him with respect to both parts.	申请者应指明座标，将区域分成估计商业价值相等的两个部分，并且提交他所取得的关于这两个部分的所有资料。
Without prejudice to the powers of the Authority pursuant to article 17 of this Annex, the data to be submitted concerning polymetallic nodules shall relate to mapping, sampling, the abundance of nodules, and their metal content.	在不妨害本附件第十七条所规定管理局的权力的情形下，提交的有关多金属结核的资料应涉及制图、取样、结核的丰度及其金属含量。
Within 45 days of receiving such data, the Authority shall designate which part is to be reserved solely for the conduct of activities by the Authority through the Enterprise or in association with developing States.	在收到这些资料后的四十五天以内，管理局应指定哪一个部分专保留给管理局通过企业部或以与发展中国家协作的方式进行活动。
This designation may be deferred for a further period of 45 days if the Authority requests an independent expert to assess whether all data required by this article has been submitted.	如果管理局请一名独立专家来评断本条所要求的一切资料是否都已提交管理局，则作出这种指定的期间可以再延四十五天。
The area designated shall become a reserved area as soon as the plan of work for the non-reserved area is approved and the contract is signed.	一旦非保留区域的工作计划获得核准并经签订合同，指定的区域即应成为保留区域。
Article 9	第九条
Activities in reserved areas	保留区域内的活动
1. The Enterprise shall be given an opportunity to decide whether it intends to carry out activities in each reserved area.	1．对每一个保留区域企业部应有机会决定是否有意在其内进行“区域”内活动。
This decision may be taken at any time, unless a notification pursuant to paragraph 4 is received by the Authority, in which event the Enterprise shall take its decision within a reasonable time.	这项决定可在任何时间作出，除非管理局接到按照第4款发出的通知。 在这种情形下，企业部应在合理时间内作出决定。
The Enterprise may decide to exploit such areas in joint ventures with the interested State or entity.	企业部可决定同有兴趣的国家或实体成立联合企业来开发这种区域。
2. The Enterprise may conclude contracts for the execution of part of its activities in accordance with Annex IV, article 12. It may also enter into joint ventures for the conduct of such activities with any entities which are eligible to carry out activities in the Area pursuant to article 153, paragraph 2(b)	2．企业部可按照附件四第十二条订立关于执行其部分活动的合同，并可同任何按照第一五三条第2款（b）项有资格进行“区域”内活动的实体为进行这种活动成立联合企业。
When considering such joint ventures, the Enterprise shall offer to States Parties which are developing States and their nationals the opportunity of effective participation.	企业部在考虑成立这种联合企业时，应提供发展中国家缔约国及其国民有效参加的机会。
3. The Authority may prescribe, in its rules, regulations and procedures, substantive and procedural requirements and conditions with respect to such contracts and joint ventures.	3．管理局可在其规则、规章和程序内规定这种合同和联合企业的实质性和程序性要求和条件。
4. Any State Party which is a developing State or any natural or juridical person sponsored by it and effectively controlled by it or by other developing State which is a qualified applicant, or any group of the foregoing, may notify the Authority that it wishes to submit a plan of work pursuant to article 6 of this Annex with respect to a reserved area.	4．任何发展中国家缔约国，或该国所担保并受该国或受具有申请资格的另一发展中国家缔约国有效控制的任何自然人或法人，或上述各类的任何组合，可通知管理局愿意按照本附件第六条就某一保留区域提出工作计划。
The plan of work shall be considered if the Enterprise decides, pursuant to paragraph 1, that it does not intend to carry out activities in that area.	如果企业部按照第1款决定无意在该区域内进行活动，则应对该工作计划给予考虑。
Article 10	第十条
Preference and priority among applicants	申请者中的优惠和优先
An operator who has an approved plan of work for exploration only, as provided in article 3, paragraph 4(c) , of this Annex shall have a preference and a priority among applicants for a plan of work covering exploitation of the same area and resources.	按本附件第三条第4款（c）项的规定取得核准只进行勘探的工作计划的经营者，就同一区域和资源在各申请者中应有取得开发工作计划的优惠和优先。
However, such preference or priority may be withdrawn if the operator's performance has not been satisfactory.	但如经营者的工作成绩不令人满意时，这种优惠或优先可予撤销。
Article 11	第十一条
Joint arrangements	联合安排
1. Contracts may provide for joint arrangements between the contractor and the Authority through the Enterprise, in the form of joint ventures or production sharing, as well as any other form of joint arrangement, which shall have the same protection against revision, suspension or termination as contracts with the Authority.	1．合同可规定承包者同由企业部代表的管理局之间采用联合企业或分享产品的形式，或任何其他形式的联合安排，这些联合安排在修改、暂停或终止方面享有与管理局订立的合同相同的保障。
2. Contractors entering into such joint arrangements with the Enterprise may receive financial incentives as provided for in article 13 of this Annex.	2．与企业部成立这种联合安排的承包者，可取得本附件第十三条中规定的财政鼓励。
3. Partners in joint ventures with the Enterprise shall be liable for the payments required by article 13 of this Annex to the extent of their share in the joint ventures, subject to financial incentives as provided for in that article.	3．同企业部组成的联合企业的合伙者，应按照其在联合企业中的份额负责缴付本附件第十三条所规定的款项，但须受该条规定的财政鼓励的限制。
Article 12	第十二条
Activities carried out by the Enterprise	企业部进行的活动
1. Activities in the Area carried out by the Enterprise pursuant to article 153, paragraph 2(a) , shall be governed by Part XI, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority and its relevant decisions.	1．企业部依据第一五三条第2款（a）项进行的“区域”内活动，应遵守第十一部分，管理局的规则、规章和程序及其有关的决定。
2. Any plan of work submitted by the Enterprise shall be accompanied by evidence supporting its financial and technical capabilities.	2．企业部提出的任何工作计划应随附证明其财政及技术能力的证据。
Article 13	第十三条
Financial terms of contracts	合同的财政条款
1. In adopting rules, regulations and procedures concerning the financial terms of a contract between the Authority and the entities referred to in article 153, paragraph 2(b) , and in negotiating those financial terms in accordance with Part XI and those rules, regulations and procedures, the Authority shall be guided by the following objectives:	1．在就管理局同第一五三条第2款（b）项所指实体之间合同的财政条款制定规则、规章和程序时，及在按照第十一部分和上述规则、规章和程序谈判这种财政条款时，管理局应以下列目标为指针：
(a) to ensure optimum revenues for the Authority from the proceeds of commercial production;	（a）确保管理局从商业生产收益中获得最适度的收入；
(b) to attract investments and technology to the exploration and exploitation of the Area;	（b）为“区域”的勘探和开发吸引投资和技术；
(c) to ensure equality of financial treatment and comparable financial obligations for contractors;	（c）确保承包者有平等的财政待遇和类似的财政义务；
(d) to provide incentives on a uniform and non-discriminatory basis for contractors to undertake joint arrangements with the Enterprise and developing States or their nationals, to stimulate the transfer of technology thereto, and to train the personnel of the Authority and of developing States;	（d）在划一而无歧视的基础上规定鼓励办法，使承包者同企业部，和同发展中国家或其国民订立联合安排，鼓励向它们转让技术，并训练管理局和发展中国家的人员；
(e) to enable the Enterprise to engage in seabed mining effectively at the same time as the entities referred to in article 153, paragraph 2(b) ; and	（e）使企业部与第一五三条第2款（b）项所指的实体能够同时有效地进行海底采矿；和
(f) to ensure that, as a result of the financial incentives provided to contractors under paragraph 14, under the terms of contracts reviewed in accordance with article 19 of this Annex or under the provisions of article 11 of this Annex with respect to joint ventures, contractors are not subsidized so as to be given an artificial competitive advantage with respect to land-based miners.	（f）保证不致因依据第14款，按照本附件第十九条予以审查的合同条款或有关联合企业的本附件第十一条的规定向承包者提供财政鼓励，造成津贴承包者使其比陆上采矿者处于人为的竞争优势的结果。
2. A fee shall be levied for the administrative cost of processing an application for approval of a plan of work in the form of a contract and shall be fixed at an amount of $US 500,000 per application.	2．为支付处理关于核准合同形式的勘探和开发工作计划的申请的行政开支，应征收规费，并应规定每份申请的规费为五十万美元。
The amount of the fee shall be reviewed from time to time by the Council in order to ensure that it covers the administrative cost incurred.	该规费应不时由理事会加以审查，以确保其足以支付处理这种申请的行政开支。
If such administrative cost incurred by the Authority in processing an application is less than the fixed amount, the Authority shall refund the difference to the applicant.	如果管理局处理申请的行政开支少于规费数额，管理局应将余额退还给申请者。
3. A contractor shall pay an annual fixed fee of $US 1 million from the date of entry into force of the contract.	3．承包者应自合同生效之日起，缴纳固定年费一百万美元。
If the approved date of commencement of commercial production is postponed because of a delay in issuing the production authorization, in accordance with article 151, the annual fixed fee shall be waived for the period of postponement.	如果因为按照第一五一条发出生产许可有所稽延而推迟经核准的商业生产的开始日期，则在这段推迟期间内应免缴固定年费。
From the date of commencement of commercial production, the contractor shall pay either the production charge or the annual fixed fee, whichever is greater.	自商业生产开始之日起，承包者应缴付第4款所指的财政贡献或固定年费，以较大的数额为准。
4. Within a year of the date of commencement of commercial production, in conformity with paragraph 3, a contractor shall choose to make his financial contribution to the Authority by either:	4．从商业生产开始之日起一年内，依第3款，承包者应选定下列两种方式之一，向管理局作出财政贡献：
(a) paying a production charge only; or	（a）只缴付生产费；或
(b) paying a combination of a production charge and a share of net proceeds.	（b）同时缴付生产费和一份收益净额。
5. (a) If a contractor chooses to make his financial contribution to the Authority by paying a production charge only, it shall be fixed at a percentage of the market value of the processed metals produced from the polymetallic nodules recovered from the area covered by the contract. This percentage shall be fixed as follows:	5．（a）如果承包者选定只缴付生产费，作为对管理局的财政贡献，则生产费应为自合同包括的区域回收的多金属结核生产的加工金属的市价的一个百分数；该百分数如下：
(i) years 1-10 of commercial production5 per cent	（1）商业生产的第一至第十年……百分之五
(ii) years 11 to the end of commercial production 12 per cent	（2）商业生产的第十一年至商业生产结束……百分之十二
(b) The said market value shall be the product of the quantity of the processed metals produced from the polymetallic nodules extracted from the area covered by the contract and the average price for those metals during the relevant accounting year, as defined in paragraphs 7 and 8.	（b）上述市价应为按照第7和第8款的规定，在有关会计年度自合同包括的区域回收的多金属结核生产的加工金属数量和这些金属平均价格的乘积数。
6. If a contractor chooses to make his financial contribution to the Authority by paying a combination of a production charge and a share of net proceeds, such payments shall be determined as follows:	6．如果承包者选定同时缴付生产费和一份收益净额，作为对管理局财政贡献，这些缴付款项应按以下规定决定：
(a) The production charge shall be fixed at a percentage of the market value, determined in accordance with subpara-graph (b) , of the processed metals produced from the polymetallic nodules recovered from the area covered by the contract. This percentage shall be fixed as follows:	（a）生产费应为按照（b）项所规定的自合同包括的区域回收的多金属结核生产的加工金属的市价的一个百分数；该百分数如下：
(i) first period of commercial production2 per cent	（1）商业生产的第一期……百分之二
(ii) second period of commercial production4 per cent	（2）商业生产的第二期……百分之四
If, in the second period of commercial production, as defined in subparagraph (d) , the return on investment in any accounting year as defined in subparagraph (m) falls below 15 per cent as a result of the payment of the production charge at 4 per cent, the production charge shall be 2 per cent instead of 4 per cent in that accounting year.	如果在（d）项所规定的商业生产第二期的任何一个会计年度内，按百分之四缴付生产费的结果会使（m）项所规定的投资利得降低到百分之十五以下，则该会计年度的生产费应为百分之二而非百分之四。
(b) The said market value shall be the product of the quantity of the processed metals produced from the polymetallic nodules recovered from the area covered by the contract and the average price for those metals during the relevant accounting year as defined in paragraphs 7 and 8.	（b）上述市价应为按照第7和第8款的规定，在有关会计年度自合同包括的区域回收的多金属结核生产的加工金属数量和这些金属平均价格的乘积数。
(c) (i) The Authority's share of net proceeds shall be taken out of that portion of the contractor's net proceeds which is attributable to the mining of the resources of the area covered by the contract, referred to hereinafter as attributable net proceeds.	（c）（1）管理局在收益净额中的份额应自承包者因开采合同包括的区域资源所得到的那一部分收益净额中拨付，这笔款额以下称为开发合同区域收益净额。
(ii) The Authority's share of attributable net proceeds shall be determined in accordance with the following incremental schedule:	（2）管理局在开发合同区域收益净额中的份额应按照下表累进计算：
Portion of attributable net proceeds	开发合同区域收益净额的部分
Share of the Authority	管理局的份额
First period of commercial production	商业生产的第一期
Second period of commercial production	商业生产的第二期
That portion representing a return on investment which is greater than 0 per cent, but less than 10 per cent	该部分等于或大于百分之零，但小于百分之十的投资利得
35 per cent	百分之三十五
40 per cent	百分之四十
That portion representing a return on investment which is 10 per cent or greater, but less than 20 per cent	该部分是等于或大于百分之十，但小于百分之二十的投资利得
42. 5 per cent	百分之四十二点五
50 per cent	百分之五十
That portion representing a return on investment which is 20 per cent or greater	该部分是等于或大于百分之二十的投资利得
50 per cent	百分之五十
70 per cent	百分之七十
(d) (i) The first period of commercial production referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (c) shall commence in the first accounting year of commercial production and terminate in the accounting year in which the contractor's development costs with interest on the unrecovered portion thereof are fully recovered by his cash surplus, as follows:	（d）（1）（a）和（c）项所指的商业生产第一期，应由商业生产的第一个会计年度开始，至承包者的发展费用加上发展费用未收回部分的利息，全部以现金赢余收回的会计年度为止，详细情形如下：
In the first accounting year during which development costs are incurred, unrecovered development costs shall equal the development costs less cash surplus in that year.	在承担发展费用的第一个会计年度，未收回的发展费用应等于发展费用减去该年的现金赢余。
In each subsequent accounting year, unrecovered development costs shall equal the unrecovered development costs at the end of the preceding accounting year, plus interest thereon at the rate of 10 per cent per annum, plus development costs incurred in the current accounting year and less contractor's cash surplus in the current accounting year.	在以后的每一个会计年度，未收回的发展费用应等于前一会计年度未收回的发展费用加上发展费用以年利十分计算的利息，加上本会计年度所承担的发展费用，减去承包者本会计年度的现金赢余。
The accounting year in which unrecovered development costs become zero for the first time shall be the accounting year in which the contractor's development costs with interest on the unrecovered portion thereof are fully recovered by his cash surplus. The contractor's cash surplus in any accounting year shall be his gross proceeds less his operating costs and less his payments to the Authority under subparagraph (c)	未收回的发展费用第一次等于零的会计年度，应为承包者的发展费用，加上发展费用未收回部分的利息，全部以现金赢余收回的会计年度；承包者在任何会计年度的现金赢余，应为其收益毛额减去其业务费用，再减去其根据（c）项缴付管理局的费用；
(ii) The second period of commercial production shall commence in the accounting year following the termination of the first period of commercial production and shall continue until the end of the contract.	（2）商业生产的第二期，应从商业生产的第一期终了后下一个会计年度开始，并应继续至合同结束时为止。
(e) "Attributable net proceeds" means the product of the contractor's net proceeds and the ratio of the development costs in the mining sector to the contractor's development costs.	（e）“开发合同区域收益净额”是指承包者收益净额乘以在承包者发展费用中其采矿部门发展费用所占比率的乘积数。
If the contractor engages in mining, transporting polymetallic nodules and production primarily of three processed metals, namely, cobalt, copper and nickel, the amount of attributable net proceeds shall not be less than 25 per cent of the contractor's net proceeds.	如果承包者从事开采、运输多金属结核、主要生产三种加工金属，即钴、铜和镍，则开发合同区域收益净额不应少于承包者收益净额的百分之二十五。
Subject to subparagraph (n) , in all other cases, including those where the contractor engages in mining, transporting polymetallic nodules, and production primarily of four processed metals, namely, cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel, the Authority may, in its rules, regulations and procedures, prescribe appropriate floors which shall bear the same relationship to each case as the 25 per cent floor does to the three-metal case.	在（n）项规定的限制下，在所有其他情形，包括承包者从事开采、运输多金属结核、主要生产四种加工金属，即钴、铜、锰和镍的情形下，管理局可在其规则、规章和程序中规定适当的最低限额，这种限额与每一种情形的关系，应与百分之二十五的最低限额与三种金属和情形的关系相同。
(f) "Contractor's net proceeds" means the contractor's gross proceeds less his operating costs and less the recovery of his development costs as set out in subparagraph (j)	（f）“承包者收益净额”是指承包者收益毛额减去其业务费用再减去按照（j）项收回的发展费用。
(g) (i) If the contractor engages in mining, transporting polymetallic nodules and production of processed metals, "contractor's gross proceeds" means the gross revenues from the sale of the processed metals and any other monies deemed reasonably attributable to operations under the contract in accordance with the financial rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	（g）（1）如果承包者从事开采、运输多金属结核、生产加工金属，则“承包者收益毛额”是指出售加工金属的收入毛额，以及按照管理局财务规则、规章和程序任何其他可以合理地归因于根据合同进行业务所得的款项。
(ii) In all cases other than those specified in subparagraphs (g) (i) and (n) (iii) , "contractor's gross proceeds" means the gross revenues from the sale of the semi-processed metals from the polymetallic nodules recovered from the area covered by the contract, and any other monies deemed reasonably attributable to operations under the contract in accordance with the financial rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	（2）除（g）项（l）目和（n）项（3）目所列举者外，在所有其他情形下，“承包者收益毛额”是指出售自合同包括的区域回收的多金属结核生产的半加工金属所得收入毛额，以及按照管理局财务规则、规章和程序任何其他可以合理地归因于根据合同进行业务所得的款项。
(h) "Contractor's development costs" means:	（h）“承包者发展费用”是指：
(i) all expenditures incurred prior to the commencement of commercial production which are directly related to the development of the productive capacity of the area covered by the contract and the activities related thereto for operations under the contract in all cases other than that specified in subparagraph (n) , in conformity with generally recognized accounting principles, including, inter alia, costs of machinery, equipment, ships, processing plant, construction, buildings, land, roads, prospecting and exploration of the area covered by the contract, research and development, interest, required leases, licences and fees; and	（1）在（n）项列举者以外的所有其他情形下，在商业生产开始前，为合同所规定的业务而依照一般公认的会计原则所承担的与发展合同包括的区域的生产能力及有关活动直接相关的一切开支，其中除其他外包括：机器、设备、船舶、加工厂、建筑物、房屋、土地、道路、合同包括的区域的探矿和勘探、研究和发展、利息、所需的租约、特许和规费等费用，以及
(ii) expenditures similar to those set forth in (i) above incurred subsequent to the commencement of commercial production and necessary to carry out the plan of work, except those chargeable to operating costs.	（2）在商业生产开始后，为执行工作计划而需要承担的与以上（1）目所载相类似的开支，但可计入业务费用的开支除外。
(i) The proceeds from the disposal of capital assets and the market value of those capital assets which are no longer required for operations under the contract and which are not sold shall be deducted from the contractor's development costs during the relevant accounting year.	（i）处理资本资产所得的收益，以及合同所规定的业务不再需要而又未予出售的那些资本资产的市场价值，应从有关的会计年度的承包者发展费用中扣除。
When these deductions exceed the contractor's development costs the excess shall be added to the contractor's gross proceeds.	这些扣除的数额超过承包者发展费用时，超过部分应计入承包者收益毛额。
(j) The contractor's development costs incurred prior to the commencement of commercial production referred to in subparagraphs (h) (i) and (n) (iv) shall be recovered in 10 equal annual instalments from the date of commencement of commercial production.	（j）（h）项（1）目和（n）项（4）目所指的在商业生产开始之前承担的承包者发展费用，应从商业生产开始之日起，平均分为十期收回，每年一期。
The contractor's development costs incurred subsequent to the commencement of commercial production referred to in subparagraphs (h) (ii) and (n) (iv) shall be recovered in 10 or fewer equal annual instalments so as to ensure their complete recovery by the end of the contract.	（h）项（2）目和（n）项（4）目所指的在商业生产开始以后承担的承包者发展费用，应平均分为十期或不到十期收回，每年一期，以确保在合同结束前全部收回。
(k) "Contractor's operating costs" means all expenditures incurred after the commencement of commercial production in the operation of the productive capacity of the area covered by the contract and the activities related thereto for operations under the contract, in conformity with generally recognized accounting principles, including, inter alia, the annual fixed fee or the production charge, whichever is greater, expenditures for wages, salaries, employee benefits, materials, services, transporting, processing and marketing costs, interest, utilities, preservation of the marine environment, overhead and administrative costs specifically related to operations under the contract, and any net operating losses carried forward or backward as specified herein.	（k）“承包者业务费用”是指在商业生产开始后，为合同所规定的业务，而依照一般公认的会计原则所承担的经营合同包括的区域的生产能力及其有关活动的一切开支，其中除其他外包括：固定年费或生产费（以较大的数额为准）、工资、薪给、员工福利、材料、服务、运输、加工和销售费用、利息、公用事业费、保全海洋环境、具体与合同业务有关的间接费用和行政费用等项开支，以及其中规定的从其前或其后的年度转帐的任何业务亏损净额。
Net operating losses may be carried forward for two consecutive years except in the last two years of the contract in which case they may be carried backward to the two preceding years.	业务亏损净额可以连续两年转入下一年度的帐目，但在合同的最后两年除外，这两年可转入其前两年的帐目。
(l) If the contractor engages in mining, transporting of polymetallic nodules, and production of processed and semi-processed metals, "development costs of the mining sector" means the portion of the contractor's development costs which is directly related to the mining of the resources of the area covered by the contract, in conformity with generally recognized accounting principles, and the financial rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, including, inter alia, application fee, annual fixed fee and, where applicable, costs of prospecting and exploration of the area covered by the contract, and a portion of research and development costs.	（l）如果承包者从事开采、运输多金属结核并生产加工金属和半加工金属，则“采矿部门发展费用”是指依照一般公认的会计原则和管理局的财务规则、规章和程序，承包者发展费用中与开采合同包括的区域的资源直接有关的部分，其中除其他外包括：申请费、固定年费以及在可适用的情形下在合同包括的区域进行探矿和勘探的费用和一部分研究与发展费用。
(m) "Return on investment" in any accounting year means the ratio of attributable net proceeds in that year to the development costs of the mining sector.	（m）任何会计年度的“投资利得”是指该年度的开发合同区域收益净额与采矿部门发展费用的比率。
For the purpose of computing this ratio the development costs of the mining sector shall include expenditures on new or replacement equipment in the mining sector less the original cost of the equipment replaced.	为计算这一比率的目的，采矿部门发展费用应包括采矿部门购买新装备或替换装备的开支减去被替换的装备的原价。
(n) If the contractor engages in mining only:	（n）如果承包者只从事开采：
(i) "attributable net proceeds" means the whole of the contractor's net proceeds;	（1）“开发合同区域收益净额”是指承包者的全部收益净额。
(ii) "contractor's net proceeds" shall be as defined in subparagraph (f) ;	（2）“承包者收益净额”的定义与（f）项相同。
(iii) "contractor's gross proceeds" means the gross revenues from the sale of the polymetallic nodules, and any other monies deemed reasonably attributable to operations under the contract in accordance with the financial rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority;	（3）“承包者收益毛额”是指出售多金属结核的收入毛额，以及按照管理局财务规则、规章和程序任何其他可以合理地归因于根据合同进行业务所得的款项。
(iv) "contractor's development costs" means all expenditures incurred prior to the commencement of commercial production as set forth in subparagraph (h) (i) , and all expenditures incurred subsequent to the commencement of commercial production as set forth in subparagraph (h) (ii) , which are directly related to the mining of the resources of the area covered by the contract, in conformity with generally recognized accounting principles;	（4）“承包者发展费用”是指如（h）项（1）目所述在商业生产开始前所承担的以及如（h）项（2）目所述在商业生产开始后所承担的按照一般公认的会计原则与开采合同包括的区域资源直接有关的一切开支。
(v) "contractor's operating costs" means the contractor's operating costs as in subparagraph (k) which are directly related to the mining of the resources of the area covered by the contract in conformity with generally recognized accounting principles;	（5）“承包者业务费用”是指如（k）项所述的按照一般公认的会计原则与开采合同包括的区域资源直接有关的承包者业务费用。
(vi) "return on investment" in any accounting year means the ratio of the contractor's net proceeds in that year to the contractor's development costs.	（6）任何会计年度的“投资利得”是指该年度的承包者收益净额与承包者发展费用的比率。
For the purpose of computing this ratio, the contractor's development costs shall include expenditures on new or replacement equipment less the original cost of the equipment replaced.	为计算这一比率的目的，承包者发展费用应包括购买新装备或替换装备的开支减去被替换的装备的原价。
(o) The costs referred to in subparagraphs (h) , (k) , (l) and (n) in respect of interest paid by the contractor shall be allowed to the extent that, in all the circumstances, the Authority approves, pursuant to article 4, paragraph 1, of this Annex, the debt-equity ratio and the rates of interest as reasonable, having regard to existing commercial practice.	（o）关于（h）、（k）（l）和（n）项所指的承包者所付的有关利息的费用，应在一切情形下，只有在管理局按照本附件第四条第1款，并顾及当时的商业惯例，认为债务––––资产净值比率和利率是合理的限度内，才容许列为费用。
(p) The costs referred to in this paragraph shall not be interpreted as including payments of corporate income taxes or similar charges levied by States in respect of the operations of the contractor.	（p）本款所指费用不应解释为包括缴付国家对承包者业务所征收的公司所得税或类似课税的款项。
7. (a) "Processed metals", referred to in paragraphs 5 and 6, means the metals in the most basic form in which they are customarily traded on international terminal markets.	7．（a）第5和第6款所指的 “加工金属”是指国际中心市场上通常买卖的最基本形式的金属。
For this purpose, the Authority shall specify, in its financial rules, regulations and procedures, the relevant international terminal market.	为此目的，管理局应在财务规则、规章和程序中列明有关的国际中心市场。
For the metals which are not traded on such markets, "processed metals" means the metals in the most basic form in which they are customarily traded in representative arm's length transactions.	就不是在这类市场上买卖的金属而言，“加工金属”是指在有代表性的正当交易中通常买卖的最基本形式的金属；
(b) If the Authority cannot otherwise determine the quantity of the processed metals produced from the polymetallic nodules recovered from the area covered by the contract referred to in paragraphs 5(b) and 6(b) , the quantity shall be determined on the basis of the metal content of the nodules, processing recovery efficiency and other relevant factors, in accordance with the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority and in conformity with generally recognized accounting principles.	（b）如果管理局无法以其他方式确定第5款（b）项和第6款（b）项所指自合同包括在区域回收的多金属结核生产的加工金属的数量，此项数量应依照管理局的规则、规章和程序并按照一般公认的会计原则，根据结核的金属含量、加工回收效率和其他有关因素予以确定。
8. If an international terminal market provides a representative pricing mechanism for processed metals, polymetallic nodules and semi-processed metals from the nodules, the average price on that market shall be used.	8．如果一个国际中心市场为加工金属、多金属结核和产自这种结核的半加工金属提供一个有代表性的定价机构，即应使用这个市场的平均价格。
In all other cases, the Authority shall, after consulting the contractor, determine a fair price for the said products in accordance with paragraph 9.	在所有其他情形下，管理局应在同承包者协商后，按照第9款为上述产品定出一个公平的价格。
9. (a) All costs, expenditures, proceeds and revenues and all determinations of price and value referred to in this article shall be the result of free market or arm's length transactions.	9．（a）本条所指的一切费用、开支、收益和收入，以及对价格和价值的一切决定，均应为自由市场或正当交易的结果。
In the absence thereof, they shall be determined by the Authority, after consulting the contractor, as though they were the result of free market or arm's length transactions, taking into account relevant transactions in other markets.	在没有这种市场或交易的情形下，则应由管理局考虑到其他市场的有关交易，在同承包者协商后，加以确定，将其视同自由市场或正当交易的结果；
(b) In order to ensure compliance with and enforcement of the provisions of this paragraph, the Authority shall be guided by the principles adopted for, and the interpretation given to, arm's length transactions by the Commission on Transnational Corporations of the United Nations, the Group of Experts on Tax Treaties between Developing and Developed Countries and other international organizations, and shall, in its rules, regulations and procedures, specify uniform and internationally acceptable accounting rules and procedures, and the means of selection by the contractor of certified independent accountants acceptable to the Authority for the purpose of carrying out auditing in compliance with those rules, regulations and procedures.	（b）为了保证本款的规定得到遵守和执行，管理局应遵循联合国跨国公司委员会、发展中和发达国家间税务条约专家组以及其他国际组织对于正当交易所制定的原则和所作的解释，并应在其规则、规章和程序中，具体规定划一的和国际上接受的会计规则和程序，以及为了遵照这些规则、规章和程序查核帐目的目的，由承包者选择管理局认可的领有执照的独立会计师的方法。
10. The contractor shall make available to the accountants, in accordance with the financial rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, such financial data as are required to determine compliance with this article.	10．承包者应按照管理局的财务规则、规章和程序，向会计师提供为决定本条是否得到遵守所必要的财务资料。
11. All costs, expenditures, proceeds and revenues, and all prices and values referred to in this article, shall be determined in accordance with generally recognized accounting principles and the financial rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	11．本条所指的一切费用、开支、收益和收入以及所有价格和价值，应依照一般公认的会计原则和管理局财务规则、规章和程序决定。
12. Payments to the Authority under paragraphs 5 and 6 shall be made in freely usable currencies or currencies which are freely available and effectively usable on the major foreign exchange markets or, at the contractor's option, in the equivalents of processed metals at market value.	12．根据第5和第6款向管理局缴付的款项，应以可自由使用货币或可在主要外汇市场自由取得和有效使用的货币支付，或采用承包者的选择，以市场价值相等的加工金属支付。
The market value shall be determined in accordance with paragraph 5(b)	市场价值应按照第5款（b）项加以决定。
The freely usable currencies and currencies which are freely available and effectively usable on the major foreign exchange markets shall be defined in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority in accordance with prevailing international monetary practice.	可自由使用货币和可在主要外汇市场自由取得和有效使用的货币，应按照通行的国际金融惯例在管理局的规则、规章和程序中加以确定。
13. All financial obligations of the contractor to the Authority, as well as all his fees, costs, expenditures, proceeds and revenues referred to in this article, shall be adjusted by expressing them in constant terms relative to a base year.	13．承包者对管理局所负的一切财政义务，以及本条所指的一切规费、费用、开支、收益和收入，均应按基准年的定值来折算，加以调整。
14. The Authority may, taking into account any recommendations of the Economic Planning Commission and the Legal and Technical Commission, adopt rules, regulations and procedures that provide for incentives, on a uniform and non-discriminatory basis, to contractors to further the objectives set out in paragraph 1.	14．管理局经考虑到经济规划委员会及法律和技术委员会的任何建议后，可制定规则、规章和程序，在划一而无歧视的基础上，规定鼓励承包者的办法，以推进第1款所列的目标。
15. In the event of a dispute between the Authority and a contractor over the interpretation or application of the financial terms of a contract, either party may submit the dispute to binding commercial arbitration, unless both parties agree to settle the dispute by other means, in accordance with article 188, paragraph 2.	15．如果管理局和承包者间发生有关合同财政条款的解释或适用的争端，按照第一八八条第2款任何一方可将争端提交有拘束力的商业仲裁，除非双方协议以其他方式解决争端。
Article 14	第十四条
Transfer of data	资料的转让
1. The operator shall transfer to the Authority, in accordance with its rules, regulations and procedures and the terms and conditions of the plan of work, at time intervals determined by the Authority all data which are both necessary for and relevant to the effective exercise of the powers and functions of the principal organs of the Authority in respect of the area covered by the plan of work.	1．经营者应按照管理局的规则、规章和程序以及工作计划的条款和条件，在管理局决定的间隔期间内，将管理局各主要机关对工作计划所包括的区域有效行使其权力和服务所必要的和有关的一切资料，转让给管理局。
2. Transferred data in respect of the area covered by the plan of work, deemed proprietary, may only be used for the purposes set forth in this article.	2．所转让的关于工作计划所包括的区域的资料，视为专有者，仅可用于本条所列的目的。
Data necessary for the formulation by the Authority of rules, regulations and procedures concerning protection of the marine environment and safety, other than equipment design data, shall not be deemed proprietary.	管理局拟订有关保护海洋环境和安全的规则、规章和程序所必要的资料，除关于装备的设计资料外，不应视为专有。
3. Data transferred to the Authority by prospectors, applicants for contracts or contractors, deemed proprietary, shall not be disclosed by the Authority to the Enterprise or to anyone external to the Authority, but data on the reserved areas may be disclosed to the Enterprise.	3．探矿者、合同申请者或承包者转让给管理局的资料，视为专有者，管理局不应向企业部或向管理局以外任何方面泄露，但关于保留区域的资料可向企业部泄露。
Such data transferred by such persons to the Enterprise shall not be disclosed by the Enterprise to the Authority or to anyone external to the Authority.	这些人转让给企业部的资料，企业部不应向管理局或向管理局以外任何方面泄露。
Article 15	第十五条
Training programmes	训练方案
The contractor shall draw up practical programmes for the training of personnel of the Authority and developing States, including the participation of such personnel in all activities in the Area which are covered by the contract, in accordance with article 144, paragraph 2.	承包者应按照第一四四条第2款制订训练管理局和发展中国家人员的实际方案，其中包括这种人员对合同所包括的一切“区域”内活动的参加。
Article 16	第十六条
Exclusive right to explore and exploit	勘探和开发的专属权利
The Authority shall, pursuant to Part XI and its rules, regulations and procedures, accord the operator the exclusive right to explore and exploit the area covered by the plan of work in respect of a specified category of resources and shall ensure that no other entity operates in the same area for a different category of resources in a manner which might interfere with the operations of the operator.	管理局应依据第十一部分和管理局的规则、规章和程序，给予经营者在工作计划包括的区域内就特定的一类资源进行勘探和开发的专属权利，并应确保没有任何其他实体在同一区域内，以对该经营者的业务可能有所干扰的方式，就另一类资源进行作业。
The operator shall have security of tenure in accordance with article 153, paragraph 6.	经营者按照第一五三条第6款的规定，应有合同在期限内持续有效的保证。
Article 17	第十七条
Rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority	管理局的规则、规章和程序
1. The Authority shall adopt and uniformly apply rules, regulations and procedures in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(f) (ii) , and article 162, paragraph 2(o) (ii) , for the exercise of its functions as set forth in Part XI on, inter alia, the following matters:	1．管理局除其他外，应就下列事项，按照第一六〇条第2款（f）项（2）目和第一六二条第2款（n）项（2）目，制定并划一地适用规则、规章和程序，以执行第十一部分所规定的职责：
(a) administrative procedures relating to prospecting, exploration and exploitation in the Area;	（a）关于“区域”内探矿、勘探和开发的行政程序；
(b) operations:	（b）业务：
(i) size of area;	（1）区域的大小；
(ii) duration of operations;	（2）业务的期限；
(iii) performance requirements including assurances pursuant to article 4, paragraph 6(c) , of this Annex;	（3）工作成绩的要求包括依照本附件第四条第6款（c）项提出的保证；
(iv) categories of resources;	（4）资源的类别；
(v) renunciation of areas;	（5）区域的放弃；
(vi) progress reports;	（6）进度报告；
(vii) submission of data;	（7）资料的提出；
(viii) inspection and supervision of operations;	（8）业务的检查和监督；
(ix) prevention of interference with other activities in the marine environment;	（9）防止干扰海洋环境内的其他活动；
(x) transfer of rights and obligations by a contractor;	（10）承包者权利和义务的转让；
(xi) procedures for transfer of technology to developing States in accordance with article 144 and for their direct participation;	（11）为按照第一四四条将技术转让给发展中国家和为这些国家直接参加而制定的程序；
(xii) mining standards and practices, including those relating to operational safety, conservation of the resources and the protection of the marine environment;	（12）采矿的标准和办法，包括有关操作安全、资源养护和海洋环境保护的标准和办法；
(xiii) definition of commercial production;	（13）商业生产的定义；
(xiv) qualification standards for applicants;	（14）申请者的资格标准；
(c) financial matters:	（c）财政事项：
(i) establishment of uniform and non-discriminatory costing and accounting rules and the method of selection of auditors;	（1）制定划一和无歧视的成本计算和会计规则以及选择审计员的方法；
(ii) apportionment of proceeds of operations;	（2）业务收益的分配；
(iii) the incentives referred to in article 13 of this Annex;	（3）本附件第十三条所指的鼓励；
(d) implementation of decisions taken pursuant to article 151, paragraph 10, and article 164, paragraph 2(d)	（d）为实施依据第一五一条第10款和第一六四条第2款（d）项所作的决定；
2. Rules, regulations and procedures on the following items shall fully reflect the objective criteria set out below:	2．为下列事项制定的规则、规章和程序应充分反映以下的客观标准：
(a) Size of areas:	（a）区域的大小：
The Authority shall determine the appropriate size of areas for exploration which may be up to twice as large as those for exploitation in order to permit intensive exploration operations.	管理局应确定进行勘探的区域的适当面积。 这种面积可大到两倍于开发区的面积，以便能够进行详探作业。
The size of area shall be calculated to satisfy the requirements of article 8 of this Annex on reservation of areas as well as stated production requirements consistent with article 151 in accordance with the terms of the contract taking into account the state of the art of technology then available for seabed mining and the relevant physical characteristics of the areas.	区域的大小应该满足本附件第八条关于保留区域的规定以及按照合同条款所载并符合第一五一条的生产要求，同时考虑到当时的海洋采矿技术水平，以及区域内有关的自然特征。
Areas shall be neither smaller nor larger than are necessary to satisfy this objective.	区域不应小于或大于满足这个目标所需的面积；
(b) Duration of operations:	（b）业务的期限：
(i) Prospecting shall be without time-limit;	（1）探矿应该没有时间限制；
(ii) Exploration should be of sufficient duration to permit a thorough survey of the specific area, the design and construction of mining equipment for the area and the design and construction of small and medium-size processing plants for the purpose of testing mining and processing systems;	（2）勘探应有足够的时间，以便可对特定区域进行彻底的探测，设计和建造区域内所用的采矿设备，及设计和建造中、小型的加工工厂来试验采矿和加工系统；
(iii) The duration of exploitation should be related to the economic life of the mining project, taking into consideration such factors as the depletion of the ore, the useful life of mining equipment and processing facilities and commercial viability.	（3）开发的期间应视采矿工程的经济寿命而定，考虑到矿体采尽，采矿设备和加工设施的有用年限，以及商业上可以维持的能力等因素。
Exploitation should be of sufficient duration to permit commercial extraction of minerals of the area and should include a reasonable time period for construction of commercial-scale mining and processing systems, during which period commercial production should not be required.	开发应有足够的时间，以便可对区域的矿物进行商业开采，其中并包括一个合理的期间，来建造商业规模的采矿和加工系统，在这段期间，不应要求有商业生产。
The total duration of exploitation, however, should also be short enough to give the Authority an opportunity to amend the terms and conditions of the plan of work at the time it considers renewal in accordance with rules, regulations and procedures which it has adopted subsequent to approving the plan of work.	但是，整个开发期间也不应太长，以便管理局有机会在考虑续订工作计划时，按照其在核准工作计划后所制定的规则、规章和程序，修改工作计划的条款和条件；
(c) Performance requirements:	（c）工作成绩的要求：
The Authority shall require that during the exploration stage periodic expenditures be made by the operator which are reasonably related to the size of the area covered by the plan of work and the expenditures which would be expected of a bona fide operator who intended to bring the area into commercial production within the time-limits established by the Authority.	管理局应要求经营者在勘探阶段按期支出费用，其数额应与工作计划包括的区域大小，以及确有诚意要在管理局所定的时限内使该区域达到商业生产阶段的经营者应作的支出有合理的关系。
The required expenditures should not be established at a level which would discourage prospective operators with less costly technology than is prevalently in use.	所要求的支出数额不应定到一种程度，使所用技术的成本比一般使用者为低的可能经营者望而却步。
The Authority shall establish a maximum time interval, after the exploration stage is completed and the exploitation stage begins, to achieve commercial production.	从勘探阶段完成到开发阶段开始达到商业生产，管理局应定出一个最大间隔期间。
To determine this interval, the Authority should take into consideration that construction of large-scale mining and processing systems cannot be initiated until after the termination of the exploration stage and the commencement of the exploitation stage.	为确定这个间隔期间，管理局应考虑到，必须在勘探阶段结束和开发阶段开始后，才能着手建造大规模采矿和加工系统。
Accordingly, the interval to bring an area into commercial production should take into account the time necessary for this construction after the completion of the exploration stage and reasonable allowance should be made for unavoidable delays in the construction schedule.	因此，使一个区域达到商业生产阶段所需的间隔期间，应该考虑到完成勘探阶段后的建造工程所必需的时间，并合理地照顾到建造日程上不可避免的延迟。
Once commercial production is achieved, the Authority shall within reasonable limits and taking into consideration all relevant factors require the operator to maintain commercial production throughout the period of the plan of work.	一旦达到商业生产，管理局应在合理的限度内并考虑到一切有关因素，要求经营者在整个工作计划期间维持商业生产；
(d) Categories of resources:	（d）资源的类别：
In determining the category of resources in respect of which a plan of work may be approved, the Authority shall give emphasis inter alia to the following characteristics:	管理局在确定可以核准工作计划加以开采的资源类别时，除其他外，应着重下列特点：
(i) that certain resources require the use of similar mining methods; and	（1）需要使用类似的采矿方法的某些资源；和
(ii) that some resources can be developed simultaneously without undue interference between operators developing different resources in the same area.	（2）能够同时开发而不致使在一区域内开发某些不同资源的各经营者彼此发生不当干扰的资源。
Nothing in this subparagraph shall preclude the Authority from approving a plan of work with respect to more than one category of resources in the same area to the same applicant.	本项的任何规定，不应妨碍管理局核准同一申请者关于同一区域内一类以上资源的工作计划；
(e) Renunciation of areas:	（e）区域的放弃：
The operator shall have the right at any time to renounce without penalty the whole or part of his rights in the area covered by a plan of work.	经营者应有权随时放弃其在工作计划包括的区域内的全部或一部权利，而不受处罚；
(f) Protection of the marine environment:	（f）海洋环境的保护：
Rules, regulations and procedures shall be drawn up in order to secure effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects directly resulting from activities in the Area or from shipboard processing immediately above a mine site of minerals derived from that mine site, taking into account the extent to which such harmful effects may directly result from drilling, dredging, coring and excavation and from disposal, dumping and discharge into the marine environment of sediment, wastes or other effluents.	为保证切实保护海洋环境免受“区域”内活动或于矿址上方在船上对从该矿址取得的矿物加工所造成的直接损害，应制定规则、规章和程序，考虑到钻探、挖泥、取岩心和开凿，以及在海洋环境内处置、倾倒和排放沉积物、废物或其他流出物，可能直接造成这种损害的程度；
(g) Commercial production:	（g）商业生产：
Commercial production shall be deemed to have begun if an operator engages in sustained large-scale recovery operations which yield a quantity of materials sufficient to indicate clearly that the principal purpose is large-scale production rather than production intended for information gathering, analysis or the testing of equipment or plant.	如果一个经营者从事持续的大规模回收作业，其所产原料的数量足够明白表示其主要目标为大规模生产，而不是旨在收集情报、分析或试验设备或试验工厂的生产，商业生产应即视为已经开始。
Article 18	第十八条
Penalties	罚则
1. A contractor's rights under the contract may be suspended or terminated only in the following cases:	1．合同所规定的承包者的权利，只有在下列情形下，才可暂停或终止：
(a) if, in spite of warnings by the Authority, the contractor has conducted his activities in such a way as to result in serious, persistent and wilful violations of the fundamental terms of the contract, Part XI and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority; or	（a）如果该承包者不顾管理局的警告而仍进行活动，以致造成一再故意严重违反合同的基本条款，第十一部分，和管理局的规则、规章和程序的结果；或
(b) if the contractor has failed to comply with a final binding decision of the dispute settlement body applicable to him.	（b）如果该承包者不遵守对其适用的解决争端机关有拘束力的确定性决定。
2. In the case of any violation of the contract not covered by paragraph 1(a) , or in lieu of suspension or termination under paragraph 1(a) , the Authority may impose upon the contractor monetary penalties proportionate to the seriousness of the violation.	2．在第1款（a）项未予规定的任何违反合同的情形下，或代替第1款（a）项所规定的暂停或终止合同，管理局可按照违反情形的严重程度，对承包者课以罚款。
3. Except for emergency orders under article 162, paragraph 2(w) , the Authority may not execute a decision involving monetary penalties, suspension or termination until the contractor has been accorded a reasonable opportunity to exhaust the judicial remedies available to him pursuant to Part XI, section 5.	3．除第一六二条第2款（w）项规定的紧急命令的情形外，在给予承包者合理机会用尽依照第十一部分第五节可以使用的司法补救前，管理局不得执行涉及罚款、暂停或终止的决定。
Article 19	第十九条
Revision of contract	合同的修改
1. When circumstances have arisen or are likely to arise which, in the opinion of either party, would render the contract inequitable or make it impracticable or impossible to achieve the objectives set out in the contract or in Part XI, the parties shall enter into negotiations to revise it accordingly.	1．如果已经发生或可能发生的情况，使当事任何一方认为合同将有失公平、或不能实现或不可能达成合同或第十一部分所订的目标，当事各方应进行谈判，作出相应的修订。
2. Any contract entered into in accordance with article 153, paragraph 3, may be revised only with the consent of the parties.	2．依照第一五三条第3款订立的任何合同，须经当事各方同意，才可修改。
Article 20	第二十条
Transfer of rights and obligations	权利和义务的转让
The rights and obligations arising under a contract may be transferred only with the consent of the Authority, and in accordance with its rules, regulations and procedures.	合同所产生的权利和义务，须经管理局同意，并按照其规则、规章和程序，才可转让。
The Authority shall not unreasonably withhold consent to the transfer if the proposed transferee is in all respects a qualified applicant and assumes all of the obligations of the transferor and if the transfer does not confer to the transferee a plan of work, the approval of which would be forbidden by article 6, paragraph 3(c) , of this Annex.	如果提议的受让者是在所有方面都合格的申请者，并承担转让者的一切义务，而且转让也不授予受让者一项按本附件第六条第3款（c）项禁止核准的工作计划，则管理局对转让不应不合理地拒绝同意。
Article 21	第二十一条
Applicable law	适用的法律
1. The contract shall be governed by the terms of the contract, the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, Part XI and other rules of international law not incompatible with this Convention.	1．合同应受制于合同的条款，管理局的规则、规章和程序，第十一部分，以及与本公约不相抵触的其他国际法规则。
2. Any final decision rendered by a court or tribunal having jurisdiction under this Convention relating to the rights and obligations of the Authority and of the contractor shall be enforceable in the territory of each State Party.	2．根据本公约有管辖权的法院或法庭对管理局和承包者的权利和义务所作的任何确定性决定，在每一缔约国领土内均应执行。
3. No State Party may impose conditions on a contractor that are inconsistent with Part XI.	3．任何缔约国不得以不符合第十一部分的条件强加于承包者。
However, the application by a State Party to contractors sponsored by it, or to ships flying its flag, of environmental or other laws and regulations more stringent than those in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority adopted pursuant to article 17, paragraph 2(f) , of this Annex shall not be deemed inconsistent with Part XI.	但缔约国对其担保的承包者，或对悬挂其旗帜的船舶适用比管理局依据本附件第十七条第2款（f）项在其规则、规章和程序中所规定者更为严格的有关环境或其他的法律和规章，不应视为与第十一部分不符。
Article 22	第二十二条
Responsibility	责任
The contractor shall have responsibility or liability for any damage arising out of wrongful acts in the conduct of its operations, account being taken of contributory acts or omissions by the Authority.	承包者进行其业务时由于其不法行为造成的损害，其责任应由承包者负担，但应顾及有辅助作用的管理局的行为或不行为。
Similarly, the Authority shall have responsibility or liability for any damage arising out of wrongful acts in the exercise of its powers and functions, including violations under article 168, paragraph 2, account being taken of contributory acts or omissions by the contractor.	同样地，管理局行使权力和职务时由于其不法行为，其中包括第一六八条第2款所指违职行为造成的损害，其责任应由管理局负担，但应顾及有辅助作用的承包者的行为或不行为。
Liability in every case shall be for the actual amount of damage.	在任何情形下，赔偿应与实际损害相等。
ANNEX IV.	附件四
STATUTE OF THE ENTERPRISE	企业部章程
Article 1	第一条
Purposes	宗旨
1. The Enterprise is the organ of the Authority which shall carry out activities in the Area directly, pursuant to article 153, paragraph 2 (a) , as well as the transporting, processing and marketing of minerals recovered from the Area.	1．企业部应为依据第一五三条第2款（a）项直接进行“区域”内活动以及从事运输，加工和销售从“区域”回收的矿物的管理局机关。
2. In carrying out its purposes and in the exercise of its functions, the Enterprise shall act in accordance with this Convention and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	2．企业部在实现其宗旨和执行其职务时，应按照本公约以及管理局的规则、规章和程序行事。
3. In developing the resources of the Area pursuant to paragraph 1, the Enterprise shall, subject to this Convention, operate in accordance with sound commercial principles.	3．企业部在依据第1款开发“区域”的资源时，应在本公约限制下，按照健全的商业原则经营业务。
Article 2	第二条
Relationship to the Authority	同管理局的关系
1. Pursuant to article 170, the Enterprise shall act in accordance with the general policies of the Assembly and the directives of the Council.	1．依据第一七〇条，企业部应按照大会的一般政策和理事会的指示行事。
2. Subject to paragraph l, the Enterprise shall enjoy autonomy in the conduct of its operations.	2．在第1款限制下，企业部在进行业务时应享有自主权。
3. Nothing in this Convention shall make the Enterprise liable for the acts or obligations of the Authority, or make the Authority liable for the acts or obligations of the Enterprise.	3．本公约的任何规定，均不使企业部对管理局的行为或义务担负任何责任，亦不使管理局对企业部的行为或义务担负任何责任。
Article 3	第三条
Limitation of liability	责任的限制
Without prejudice to article 11, paragraph 3, of this Annex, no member of the Authority shall be liable by reason only of its membership for the acts or obligations of the Enterprise.	由不妨害本附件第十一条第3款的情形下，管理局任何成员不应仅因其为成员，就须对企业部的行为或义务担负任何责任。
Article 4	第四条
Structure	组成
The Enterprise shall have a Governing Board, a Director-General and the staff necessary for the exercise of its functions.	企业部应设董事会，总干事一人和执行其任务所需的工作人员。
Article 5	第五条
Governing Board	董事会
1. The Governing Board shall be composed of 15 members elected by the Assembly in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(c)	1．董事会应由大会按照第一六〇条第2款（c）项选出的十五名董事组成。
In the election of the members of the Board, due regard shall be paid to the principle of equitable geographical distribution.	在选举董事时，应妥为顾及公平地区分配的原则。
In submitting nominations of candidates for election to the Board, members of the Authority shall bear in mind the need to nominate candidates of the highest standard of competence, with qualifications in relevant fields, so as to ensure the viability and success of the Enterprise.	管理局成员在提名董事会候选人时，应注意所提名的候选人必须具备最高标准的能力，并在各有关领域具备胜任的条件，以保证企业部的存在能力和成功。
2. Members of the Board shall be elected for four years and may be re-elected; and due regard shall be paid to the principle of rotation of membership.	2．董事会董事任期四年，连选可连任，并应妥为顾及董事席位轮流的原则。
3. Members of the Board shall continue in office until their successors are elected.	3．在其继任人选出以前，董事应继续执行职务。
If the office of a member of the Board becomes vacant, the Assembly shall, in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(c) , elect a new member for the remainder of his predecessor's term.	如果某一董事出缺，大会应根据第一六〇条第2款（c）项选出一名新的董事任满其前任的任期。
4. Members of the Board shall act in their personal capacity.	4．董事会董事应以个人身份行事。
In the performance of their duties they shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other source.	董事在执行职责时，不应寻求或接受任何政府或任何其他方面的指示。
Each member of the Authority shall respect the independent character of the members of the Board and shall refrain from all attempts to influence any of them in the discharge of their duties.	管理局每一成员应尊重董事会各董事的独立性，并应避免采取任何行动影响任何董事执行其职责。
5. Each member of the Board shall receive remuneration to be paid out of the funds of the Enterprise.	5．每一董事应支领从企业部经费支付的酬金。
The amount of remuneration shall be fixed by the Assembly, upon the recommendation of the Council.	酬金的数额应由大会根据理事会的建议确定。
6. The Board shall normally function at the principal office of the Enterprise and shall meet as often as the business of the Enterprise may require.	6．董事会通常应在企业部总办事处执行职务，并应按企业部业务需要经常举行会议。
7. Two thirds of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.	7．董事会三分之二董事构成法定人数。
8. Each member of the Board shall have one vote.	8．每一董事应有一票表决权。
All matters before the Board shall be decided by a majority of its members. If a member has a conflict of interest on a matter before the Board he shall refrain from voting on that matter.	董事会处理的一切事项应由过半数董事决定，如果某一董事与董事会处理的事项有利益冲突，他不应参加关于该事项的表决。
9. Any member of the Authority may ask the Board for information in respect of its operations which particularly affect that member.	9．管理局的任何成员可要求董事会就特别对该成员有影响的业务提供情报。
The Board shall endeavour to provide such information.	董事会应尽力提供此种情报。
Article 6	第六条
Powers and functions of the Governing Board	董事会的权力和职务
The Governing Board shall direct the operations of the Enterprise.	董事会应指导企业部的业务。
Subject to this Convention, the Governing Board shall exercise the powers necessary to fulfil the purposes of the Enterprise, including powers:	在本公约限制下，董事会应行使为实现企业部的宗旨所必要的权力，其中包括下列权力：
(a) to elect a Chairman from among its members;	（a）从其董事中选举董事长；
(b) to adopt its rules of procedure;	（b）制定董事会的议事规则；
(c) to draw up and submit formal written plans of work to the Council in accordance with article 153, paragraph 3, and article 162, paragraph 2(j) ;	（c）按照第一五三条第3款和第一六二条第2款（j）项，拟订并向理事会提出正式书面工作计划；
(d) to develop plans of work and programmes for carrying out the activities specified in article 170;	（d）为进行第一七〇条所指明的各种活动制订工作计划和方案；
(e) to prepare and submit to the Council applications for production authorizations in accordance with article 151, paragraphs 2 to 7;	（e）按照第一五一条第2至第7款拟具并向理事会提出生产许可的申请；
(f) to authorize negotiations concerning the acquisition of technology, including those provided for in Annex III, article 5, paragraph 3(a) , (c) and (d) , and to approve the results of those negotiations;	（f）授权进行关于取得技术的谈判，其中包括附件三第五条第3款（a）、（c）和（d）项所规定的技术的谈判，并核准这种谈判的结果；
(g) to establish terms and conditions, and to authorize negotiations, concerning joint ventures and other forms of joint arrangements referred to in Annex III, articles 9 and 11, and to approve the results of such negotiations;	（g）订立附件三第九和第十一条所指的联合企业或其他形式的联合安排的条款和条件，授权为此进行谈判，核准这种谈判的结果；
(h) to recommend to the Assembly what portion of the net income of the Enterprise should be retained as its reserves in accordance with article 160, paragraph 2(f) , and article 10 of this Annex;	（h）按照第一六〇条第2款（f）项和本附件第十条建议大会将企业部净收入的多大部分留作企业部的储备金；
(i) to approve the annual budget of the Enterprise;	（i）核准企业部的年度预算；
(j) to authorize the procurement of goods and services in accordance with article 12, paragraph 3, of this Annex;	（j）按照本附件第十二条第3款，授权采购货物和取得服务；
(k) to submit an annual report to the Council in accordance with article 9 of this Annex;	（k）按照本附件第九条向理事会提出年度报告；
(l) to submit to the Council for the approval of the Assembly draft rules in respect of the organization, management, appointment and dismissal of the staff of the Enterprise and to adopt regulations to give effect to such rules;	（l）向理事会提出关于企业部工作人员的组织、管理、作用和解职的规则草案，以便由大会核准，并制定实施这些规则的规章；
(m) to borrow funds and to furnish such collateral or other security as it may determine in accordance with article 11, paragraph 2, of this Annex;	（m）按照本附件第十一条第2款借入资金并提供其所决定的附属担保品或其他担保；
(n) to enter into any legal proceedings, agreements and transactions and to take any other actions in accordance with article 13 of this Annex;	（n）按照本附件第十三条参加任何司法程序，签订任何协定，进行任何交易和采取任何其他行动；
(o) to delegate, subject to the approval of the Council, any non-discretionary powers to the Director-General and to its committees.	（o）经理事会核准，将任何非斟酌决定的权力授予总干事和授予其委员会。
Article 7	第七条
Director-General and staff of the Enterprise	企业部总干事和工作人员
1. The Assembly shall, upon the recommendation of the Council and the nomination of the Governing Board, elect the Director-General of the Enterprise who shall not be a member of the Board. The Director-General shall hold office for a fixed term, not exceeding five years, and may be re-elected for further terms.	1．大会应根据理事会的推荐和董事会的提名选举企业部总干事；总干事不应担任董事，总干事的任期不应超过五年，连选可连任。
2. The Director-General shall be the legal representative and chief executive of the Enterprise and shall be directly responsible to the Board for the conduct of the operations of the Enterprise.	2．总干事应为企业部的法定代表和行政首长，就企业部业务的进行直接向董事会负责。
He shall be responsible for the organization, management, appointment and dismissal of the staff of the Enterprise in accordance with the rules and regulations referred to in article 6, subparagraph (l) , of this Annex.	他应按照本附件第六条（l）项所指规则和规章，负责工作人员的组织、管理、任命和解职。
He shall participate, without the right to vote, in the meetings of the Board and may participate, without the right to vote, in the meetings of the Assembly and the Council when these organs are dealing with matters concerning the Enterprise.	他应参加董事会会议，但无表决权。 大会和董事会审议有关企业部的事项时，总干事可参加这些机关的会议，但无表决权。
3. The paramount consideration in the recruitment and employment of the staff and in the determination of their conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency and of technical competence.	3．总干事在任命工作人员时，应以取得最高标准的效率和技术才能为首要考虑。
Subject to this consideration, due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on an equitable geographical basis.	在这一考虑限制下，应妥为顾及按公平地区分配原则征聘工作人员的重要性。
4. In the performance of their duties the Director-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other source external to the Enterprise.	4．总干事和工作人员在执行职责时不应寻求或接受任何政府或企业部以外任何其他来源的指示。
They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials of the Enterprise responsible only to the Enterprise.	他们应避免足以影响其作为只对企业部负责的企业部国际官员的地位的任何行动。
Each State Party undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Director-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.	每一缔约国保证尊重总干事和工作人员所负责任的纯粹国际性，不设法影响他们执行其职责。
5. The responsibilities set forth in article 168, paragraph 2, are equally applicable to the staff of the Enterprise.	5．第一六八条第2款所规定的责任，同样适用于企业部工作人员。
Article 8	第八条
Location	所在地
The Enterprise shall have its principal office at the seat of the Authority.	企业部应将其总办事处设于管理局的所在地。
The Enterprise may establish other offices and facilities in the territory of any State Party with the consent of that State Party.	企业部经任何缔约国同意可在其领土内设立其他办事处和设施。
Article 9	第九条
Reports and financial statements	报告和财务报表
1. The Enterprise shall, not later than three months after the end of each financial year, submit to the Council for its consideration an annual report containing an audited statement of its accounts and shall transmit to the Council at appropriate intervals a summary statement of its financial position and a profit and loss statement showing the results of its operations.	1．企业部应于每一财政年度结束后三个月内，将载有其帐目的审计报表的年度报告提交理事会，请其审核，并应于适当间隔期间，将其财务状况简要报表和显示其业务实绩的捐益计算表递交理事会。
2. The Enterprise shall publish its annual report and such other reports as it finds appropriate.	2．企业部应发表其年度报告和它认为适当的其他报告。
3. All reports and financial statements referred to in this article shall be distributed to the members of the Authority.	3．本条所指的一切报告和财务报表应分发给管理局成员。
Article 10	第十条
Allocation of net income	净收入的分配
1. Subject to paragraph 3, the Enterprise shall make payments to the Authority under Annex III, article 13, or their equivalent.	1．在第3款限制下，企业部应根据附件三第十三条向管理局缴付款项或其等值物。
2. The Assembly shall, upon the recommendation of the Governing Board, determine what portion of the net income of the Enterprise shall be retained as reserves of the Enterprise.	2．大会应根据董事会的建议，决定应将企业部净收入的多大部分留作企业部的储备金。
The remainder shall be transferred to the Authority.	其余部分应移交给管理局。
3. During an initial period required for the Enterprise to become self-supporting, which shall not exceed 10 years from the commencement of commercial production by it, the Assembly shall exempt the Enterprise from the payments referred to in paragraph 1, and shall leave all of the net income of the Enterprise in its reserves.	3．在企业部作到自力维持所需的一段开办期间，这一期间从其开始商业生产起不应超过十年，大会应免除企业部缴付第1款所指的款项，并应将企业部的全部净收入留作企业部的储备金。
Article 11	第十一条
Finances	财政
1. The funds of the Enterprise shall include:	1．企业部资金应包括：
(a) amounts received from the Authority in accordance with article 173, paragraph 2(b) ;	（a）按照第一七三条第2款（b）项从管理局收到的款项；
(b) voluntary contributions made by States Parties for the purpose of financing activities of the Enterprise;	（b）缔约国为企业部的活动筹资而提供的自愿捐款；
(c) amounts borrowed by the Enterprise in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3;	（c）企业部按照第2和第3款借入的款项；
(d) income of the Enterprise from its operations;	（d）企业部的业务收入；
(e) other funds made available to the Enterprise to enable it to commence operations as soon as possible and to carry out its functions.	（e）为使企业部能够尽快开办业务和执行职务而向企业部提供的其他资金。
2. (a) The Enterprise shall have the power to borrow funds and to furnish such collateral or other security as it may determine.	2．（a）企业部应有借入资金并提供其所决定的附属担保品或其他担保的权力。
Before making a public sale of its obligations in the financial markets or currency of a State Party, the Enterprise shall obtain the approval of that State Party.	企业部在一个缔约国的金融市场上或以该国货币公开出售其证券以前，应征得该缔约国的同意。
The total amount of borrowings shall be approved by the Council upon the recommendation of the Governing Board.	理事会应根据董事会的建议核准借款的总额；
(b) States Parties shall make every reasonable effort to support applications by the Enterprise for loans on capital markets and from international financial institutions.	（b）缔约国应尽一切合理的努力支持企业部向资本市场和国际金融机构申请贷款。
3. (a) The Enterprise shall be provided with the funds necessary to explore and exploit one mine site, and to transport, process and market the minerals recovered therefrom and the nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese obtained, and to meet its initial administrative expenses.	3．（a）应向企业部提供必要的资金，以勘探和开发一个矿址，运输、加工和销售自该矿址回收的矿物以及取得的镍、铜、钴和锰，并支付初期行政费用。
The amount of the said funds, and the criteria and factors for its adjustment, shall be included by the Preparatory Commission in the draft rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	筹备委员会应将上述资金的数额、调整这一数额的标准和因素载入管理局的规则、规章和程序草案；
(b) All States Parties shall make available to the Enterprise an amount equivalent to one half of the funds referred to in subparagraph (a) by way of long-term interest-free loans in accordance with the scale of assessments for the United Nations regular budget in force at the time when the assessments are made, adjusted to take into account the States which are not members of the United Nations.	（b）所有缔约国应以长期无息贷款的方式，向企业部提供相当于以上（a）项所指资金的半数的款项，这项款项的提供应按照在缴款时有效的联合国经常预算会费分摊比额表并考虑到非联合国会员国而有所调整。
Debts incurred by the Enterprise in raising the other half of the funds shall be guaranteed by all States Parties in accordance with the same scale.	企业部为筹措其余半数资金而承担的债务，应由所有缔约国按照同一比额表提供担保；
(c) If the sum of the financial contributions of States Parties is less than the funds to be provided to the Enterprise under subparagraph (a) , the Assembly shall, at its first session, consider the extent of the shortfall and adopt by consensus measures for dealing with this shortfall, taking into account the obligation of States Parties under subparagraphs (a) and (b) and any recommendations of the Preparatory Commission.	（c）如果各缔约国的财政贡献总额少于根据（a）项应向企业部提供的资金，大会应于其第一届会议上审议短缺的程序，并考虑到各缔约国在（a）和（b）项下的义务以及筹备委员会的任何建议，以协商一致方式制定弥补这一短缺的措施；
(d) (i) Each State Party shall, within 60 days after the entry into force of this Convention, or within 30 days after the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession, whichever is later, deposit with the Enterprise irrevocable, non-negotiable, non-interest-bearing promissory notes in the amount of the share of such State Party of interest-free loans pursuant to subparagraph (b)	（d）（1）每一缔约国应在本公约生效后六十天内，或在其批准书或加入书交存之日起三十天内（以较后的日期为准），向企业部交存不得撤回、不可转让、不生利息的本票，其面额应为其依据（b）项的无息贷款份额；
(ii) The Board shall prepare, at the earliest practicable date after this Convention enters into force, and thereafter at annual or other appropriate intervals, a schedule of the magnitude and timing of its requirements for the funding of its administrative expenses and for activities carried out by the Enterprise in accordance with article 170 and article 12 of this Annex.	（2）董事会应于本公约生效后尽可能早的日期，并于其后每年或其他的适当间隔期间，将筹措企业部行政费用和根据第一七〇条以及本附件第十二条进行活动所需经费的数额和时间编列成表；
(iii) The States Parties shall, thereupon, be notified by the Enterprise, through the Authority, of their respective shares of the funds in accordance with subparagraph (b) , required for such expenses.	（3）企业部应通过管理局通知各缔约国按照（b）项对这种费用各自承担的份额。
The Enterprise shall encash such amounts of the promissory notes as may be required to meet the expenditure referred to in the schedule with respect to interest-free loans.	企业部应将所需数额的本票兑现，以支付关于无息贷款的附表中所列的费用；
(iv) States Parties shall, upon receipt of the notification, make available their respective shares of debt guarantees for the Enterprise in accordance with subparagraph (b)	（4）各缔约国应于收到通知后按照（b）项提供其对企业部债务担保的各自份额；
(e) (i) If the Enterprise so requests, State Parties may provide debt guarantees in addition to those provided in accordance with the scale referred to in subparagraph (b)	（e）（1）如经企业部提出这种要求，缔约国除按照（b）项所指分摊比额表提供债务担保外，还可为其他债务提供担保；
(ii) In lieu of debt guarantees, a State Party may make a voluntary contribution to the Enterprise in an amount equivalent to that portion of the debts which it would otherwise be liable to guarantee.	（2）代替债务担保，缔约国可向企业部自愿捐付一笔款项，其数额相等于它本应负责担保的那部分债务；
(f) Repayment of the interest-bearing loans shall have priority over the repayment of the interest-free loans.	（f）有息贷款的偿还应较无息贷款的偿还优先。
Repayment of interest-free loans shall be in accordance with a schedule adopted by the Assembly, upon the recommendation of the Council and the advice of the Board.	无息贷款应按照大会根据理事会的建议和董事会的意见所通过的比额表来偿还。
In the exercise of this function the Board shall be guided by the relevant provisions of the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority, which shall take into account the paramount importance of ensuring the effective functioning of the Enterprise and, in particular, ensuring its financial independence.	董事会在执行这一职务时，应以管理局的规则、规章和程序中的有关规定为指导。 这种规则。 规章和程序应考虑到保证企业部有效执行职务特别是其财政独立的至高重要性；
(g) Funds made available to the Enterprise shall be in freely usable currencies or currencies which are freely available and effectively usable in the major foreign exchange markets.	（g）各缔约国向企业部提供的资金，应以可自由使用货币或可在主要外汇市场自由取得和有效使用的货币支付。
These currencies shall be defined in the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority in accordance with prevailing international monetary practice.	这些货币应按照通行的国际金融惯例在管理局的规则、规章和程序中予以确定。
Except as provided in paragraph 2, no State Party shall maintain or impose restrictions on the holding, use or exchange by the Enterprise of these funds.	除第2款的规定外，任何缔约国均不应对企业部持有、使用或交换这些资金保持或施加限制；
(h) "Debt guarantee" means a promise of a State Party to creditors of the Enterprise to pay, pro rata in accordance with the appropriate scale, the financial obligations of the Enterprise covered by the guarantee following notice by the creditors to the State Party of a default by the Enterprise.	（h）“债务担保”是指缔约国向企业部的债权人承允，于该债权人通知该缔约国企业部未能偿还其债款时，该缔约国将按照适当比额表的比例支付其所担保的企业部的债款。
Procedures for the payment of those obligations shall be in conformity with the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.	支付这些债款的程序应依照管理局的规则、规章和程序。
4. The funds, assets and expenses of the Enterprise shall be kept separate from those of the Authority.	4．企业部的资金、资产和费用应与管理局的资金、资产和费用分开。
This article shall not prevent the Enterprise from making arrangements with the Authority regarding facilities, personnel and services and arrangements for reimbursement of administrative expenses paid by either on behalf of the other.	本条应不妨碍企业部同管理局就设施、人员和服务作出安排，以及就任一组织为另一组织垫付的行政费用的偿还作出安排。
5. The records, books and accounts of the Enterprise, including its annual financial statements, shall be audited annually by an independent auditor appointed by the Council.	5．企业部的记录、帐簿和帐目，其中包括年度财务报表，应每年由理事会指派的一名独立审计员加以审核。
Article 12	第十二条
Operations	业务
1. The Enterprise shall propose to the Council projects for carrying out activities in accordance with article 170.	1．企业部应向理事会建议按照第一七〇条进行活动的各种规划项目。
Such proposals shall include a formal written plan of work for activities in the Area in accordance with article 153, paragraph 3, and all such other information and data as may be required from time to time for its appraisal by the Legal and Technical Commission and approval by the Council.	这种建议应包括按照第一五三条第3款拟订的“区域”内活动的正式的书面工作计划，以及法律和技术委员会鉴定和理事会核准计划随时需要的其他情报和资料。
2. Upon approval by the Council, the Enterprise shall execute the project on the basis of the formal written plan of work referred to in paragraph 1.	2．理事会核准后，企业部应根据第1款所指的正式书在工作计划执行其规划项目。
3. (a) If the Enterprise does not possess the goods and services required for its operations it may procure them.	3．（a）企业部如不具备其业务所需的货物和服务，可取得这种货物和服务。
For that purpose, it shall issue invitations to tender and award contracts to bidders offering the best combination of quality, price and delivery time.	企业部应为此进行招标，将合同给予在质量、价格和交货时间方面提供最优综合条件的投标者，以取得所需的货物和服务；
(b) If there is more than one bid offering such a combination, the contract shall be awarded in accordance with:	（b）如果提供这种综合条件的投标不止一个，合同的给予应按照下列原则：
(i) the principle of non-discrimination on the basis of political or other considerations not relevant to the carrying out of operations with due diligence and efficiency; and	（1）无歧视的原则，即不得以与勤奋地和有效地进行作业无关的政治或其他考虑为决定根据的原则；和
(ii) guidelines approved by the Council with regard to the preferences to be accorded to goods and services originating in developing States, including the land-locked and geographically disadvantaged among them.	（2）理事会所核准的指导原则，即对来自发展中国家，包括其中的内陆国和地理不利国的货物和服务，应给予优惠待遇的原则；
(c) The Governing Board may adopt rules determining the special circumstances in which the requirement of invitations to bid may, in the best interests of the Enterprise, be dispensed with.	（c）董事会可制定规则，决定在何种特殊情形下，为了企业部的最优利益可免除招标的要求。
4. The Enterprise shall have title to all minerals and processed substances produced by it.	4．企业部应对其生产的一切矿物和加工物质有所有权。
5. The Enterprise shall sell its products on a non-discriminatory basis.	5．企业部应在无歧视的基础上出售其产品。
It shall not give non-commercial discounts.	企业部不得给予非商业性的折扣。
6. Without prejudice to any general or special power conferred on the Enterprise under any other provision of this Convention, the Enterprise shall exercise such powers incidental to its business as shall be necessary.	6．在不妨害根据本公约任何其他规定授与企业部的任何一般或特别权力的情形下，企业部应行使其在营业上所必需的附带权力。
7. The Enterprise shall not interfere in the political affairs of any State Party; nor shall it be influenced in its decisions by the political character of the State Party concerned. Only commercial considerations shall be relevant to its decisions, and these considerations shall be weighed impartially in order to carry out the purposes specified in article 1 of this Annex.	7．企业部不应干预任何缔约国的政治事务，它的决定也不应受有关的一个或几个缔约国的政治特性的影响，只有商业上的考虑才同其决定有关，这些考虑应不偏不倚地予以衡量，以便实现本附件第一条所列的宗旨。
Article 13	第十三条
Legal status, privileges and immunities	法律地位、特权和豁免
1. To enable the Enterprise to exercise its functions, the status, privileges and immunities set forth in this article shall be accorded to the Enterprise in the territories of States Parties.	1．为使企业部能够执行其职务，应在缔约国的领土内给予企业部本条所规定的地位、特权和豁免。
To give effect to this principle the Enterprise and States Parties may, where necessary, enter into special agreements.	企业部和缔约国为实行这项原则，必要时缔订特别协定。
2. The Enterprise shall have such legal capacity as is necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes and, in particular, the capacity:	2．企业部应具有为执行其职务和实现其宗旨所必要的法律行为能力，特别是下列行为能力：
(a) to enter into contracts, joint arrangements or other arrangements, including agreements with States and international organizations;	（a）订立合同、联合安排或其他安排，包括同各国和各国际组织的协定；
(b) to acquire, lease, hold and dispose of immovable and movable property;	（b）取得、租借、拥有和处置不动产和动产；
(c) to be a party to legal proceedings.	（c）为法律程序的一方。
3. (a) Actions may be brought against the Enterprise only in a court of competent jurisdiction in the territory of a State Party in which the Enterprise:	3．（a）只有在下列情形下，才可在缔约国内有管辖权的法院中对企业部提起诉讼，即企业部在该国领土内：
(i) has an office or facility;	（1）设有办事处或设施；
(ii) has appointed an agent for the purpose of accepting service or notice of process;	（2）为接受传票或诉讼通知派有代理人；
(iii) has entered into a contract for goods or services;	（3）订有关于货物可服务的合同；
(iv) has issued securities; or	（4）有证券发行；或
(v) is otherwise engaged in commercial activity.	（5）从事任何其他商业活动；
(b) The property and assets of the Enterprise, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from all forms of seizure, attachment or execution before the delivery of final judgment against the Enterprise.	（b）在企业部未受不利于它的确定性判决宣告以前，企业部的财产和资产，不论位于何处和被何人持有，应免受任何形式的扣押、查封或执行。
4. (a) The property and assets of the Enterprise, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from requisition, confiscation, expropriation or any other form of seizure by executive or legislative action.	4．（a）企业部的财产和资产，不论位于何处和被何人持有，应免受征用、没收、公用征收或以行政或立法行动进行的任何其他形式的扣押；
(b) The property and assets of the Enterprise, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be free from discriminatory restrictions, regulations, controls and moratoria of any nature.	（b）企业部的一切财产和资产，不论位于何处和被何人持有，应免受任何性质的歧视限制、管制、控制和暂时冻结；
(c) The Enterprise and its employees shall respect local laws and regulations in any State or territory in which the Enterprise or its employees may do business or otherwise act.	（c）企业部及其雇员应尊重企业部或其雇员可能在其境内进行业务或从事其他活动的任何国家或领土的当地法律和规章；
(d) States Parties shall ensure that the Enterprise enjoys all rights, privileges and immunities accorded by them to entities conducting commercial activities in their territories.	（d）缔约国应确保企业部享有其给予在其领土内从事商业活动的实体的一切权利、特权和豁免。
These rights, privileges and immunities shall be accorded to the Enterprise on no less favourable a basis than that on which they are accorded to entities engaged in similar commercial activities.	给予企业部这些权利、特权和豁免，不应低于对从事类似商业活动的实体所给予的权利、特权和豁免。
If special privileges are provided by States Parties for developing States or their commercial entities, the Enterprise shall enjoy those privileges on a similarly preferential basis.	缔约国如给予发展中国家或其商业实体特别特权，企业部应在同样优惠的基础上享有那些特权；
(e) States Parties may provide special incentives, rights, privileges and immunities to the Enterprise without the obligation to provide such incentives, rights, privileges and immunities to other commercial entities.	（e）缔约国可给予企业部特别的鼓励、权利、特权和豁免，但并无义务对其他商业实体给予这种鼓励、权利、特权和豁免。
5. The Enterprise shall negotiate with the host countries in which its offices and facilities are located for exemption from direct and indirect taxation.	5．企业部应与其办事处和设施所在的东道国谈判关于直接税和间接税的免除。
6. Each State Party shall take such action as is necessary for giving effect in terms of its own law to the principles set forth in this Annex and shall inform the Enterprise of the specific action which it has taken.	6．每一缔约国应采取必要行动，以其本国法律使本附件所列的各项原则生效，并应将其所采取的具体行动的详情通知企业部。
7. The Enterprise may waive any of the privileges and immunities conferred under this article or in the special agreements referred to in paragraph 1 to such extent and upon such conditions as it may determine.	7．企业部可在其能够决定的范围内和条件下放弃根据本条或第1款所指的特别协定所享有的任何特权和豁免。
ANNEX V.	附件五
CONCILIATION	调解
SECTION 1. CONCILIATION PROCEDURE PURSUANT TO SECTION 1 OF PART XV	第一节 按照第十五部分第一节的调解程序
Article 1	第一条
Institution of proceedings	程序的提起
If the parties to a dispute have agreed, in accordance with article 284, to submit it to conciliation under this section, any such party may institute the proceedings by written notification addressed to the other party or parties to the dispute.	如果争端各方同意按照第二八四条将争端提交本节规定的调解程序，其任何一方可向争端他方发出书面通知提起程序。
Article 2	第二条
List of conciliators	调解员名单
A list of conciliators shall be drawn up and maintained by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	联合国秘书长应编制并保持一份调解员名单。
Every State Party shall be entitled to nominate four conciliators, each of whom shall be a person enjoying the highest reputation for fairness, competence and integrity.	每一缔约国应有权提名四名调解员，每名调解员均应享有公平、才干和正直的最高声誉。
The names of the persons so nominated shall constitute the list.	这样提名的人员的姓名应构成该名单。
If at any time the conciliators nominated by a State Party in the list so constituted shall be fewer than four, that State Party shall be entitled to make further nominations as necessary.	无论如何，如果某一缔约国提名的调解员在这样组成的名单内少于四名，该缔约国有权按需要提名增补。
The name of a conciliator shall remain on the list until withdrawn by the State Party which made the nomination, provided that such conciliator shall continue to serve on any conciliation commission to which that conciliator has been appointed until the completion of the proceedings before that commission.	调解员在被提名缔约国撤回前仍应列在名单内，但被撤回的调解员应继续在其被指派服务的调解委员会中工作，直至调解程序完毕时为止。
Article 3	第三条
Constitution of conciliation commission	调解委员会的组成
The conciliation commission shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, be constituted as follows:	调解委员会应依下列规定组成：
(a) Subject to subparagraph (g) , the conciliation commission shall consist of five members.	（a）在（g）项限制下，调解委员会应由调解员五人组成。
(b) The party instituting the proceedings shall appoint two conciliators to be chosen preferably from the list referred to in article 2 of this Annex, one of whom may be its national, unless the parties otherwise agree.	（b）提起程序的争端一方应指派两名调解员，最好从本附件第二条所指的名单中选派，其中一名可为其本国国民，除非争端各方另有协议。
Such appointments shall be included in the notification referred to in article 1 of this Annex.	这种指派应列入本附件第一条所指的通知。
(c) The other party to the dispute shall appoint two conciliators in the manner set forth in subparagraph (b) within 21 days of receipt of the notification referred to in article 1 of this Annex.	（c）争端另一方在收到本附件第一条所指通知后二十一日以内应指派两名调解员。
If the appointments are not made within that period, the party instituting the proceedings may, within one week of the expiration of that period, either terminate the proceedings by notification addressed to the other party or request the Secretary-General of the United Nations to make the appointments in accordance with subparagraph (e)	如在该期限内未予指派，提起程序的一方可在该期限届满后一星期内向对方发出通知终止调解程序，或请联合国秘书长按照（e）项作出指派。
(d) Within 30 days after all four conciliators have been appointed, they shall appoint a fifth conciliator chosen from the list referred to in article 2 of this Annex, who shall be chairman.	（d）四名调解员应在全部被指派完毕之日起三十天内，指派第五名调解员，从本附件第二条所指名单中选派，由其担任主席。
If the appointment is not made within that period, either party may, within one week of the expiration of that period, request the Secretary-General of the United Nations to make the appointment in accordance with subparagraph (e)	如果在该期限内未予指派，争端任何一方可在该期限届满后一星期内请联合国秘书长按照（e）项作出指派。
(e) Within 30 days of the receipt of a request under subparagraph (c) or (d) , the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall make the necessary appointments from the list referred to in article 2 of this Annex in consultation with the parties to the dispute.	（e）联合国秘书长应于收到根据（c）或（d）项提出的请求后三十天内，同争端各方协商从本附件第二条所指名单中作出必要的指派。
(f) Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the initial appointment.	（f）任何出缺，应依照为最初指派所规定的方式补缺。
(g) Two or more parties which determine by agreement that they are in the same interest shall appoint two conciliators jointly.	（g）以协议确定利害关系相同的两个或两个以上的争端各方应共同指派两名调解员。
Where two or more parties have separate interests or there is a disagreement as to whether they are of the same interest, they shall appoint conciliators separately.	两个或两个以上的争端各方利害关系不同，或对彼此是否利害关系相同意见不一致，则应分别指派调解员。
(h) In disputes involving more than two parties having separate interests, or where there is disagreement as to whether they are of the same interest, the parties shall apply subparagraphs (a) to (f) in so far as possible.	（h）争端涉及利害关系不同的两个以上的争端各方，或对彼此是否利害关系相同意见不一致，争端各方应在最大可能范围内适用（a）至（f）项的规定。
Article 4	第四条
Procedure	程序
The conciliation commission shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, determine its own procedure.	除非争端各方另有协议，调解委员会应确定其本身的程序。
The commission may, with the consent of the parties to the dispute, invite any State Party to submit to it its views orally or in writing.	委员会经争端各方同意，可邀请任何缔约国向该委员会提出口头或书面意见。
Decisions of the commission regarding procedural matters, the report and recommendations shall be made by a majority vote of its members.	委员会关于程序问题、报告和建议的决定应以调解员的过半数票作出。
Article 5	第五条
Amicable settlement	和睦解决
The commission may draw the attention of the parties to any measures which might facilitate an amicable settlement of the dispute.	委员会可提请争端各方注意便于和睦解决争端的任何措施。
Article 6	第六条
Functions of the commission	委员会的职务
The commission shall hear the parties, examine their claims and objections, and make proposals to the parties with a view to reaching an amicable settlement.	委员会应听取争端各方的陈述，审查其权利主张和反对意见，并向争端各方提出建议，以便达成和睦解决。
Article 7	第七条
Report	报告
1. The commission shall report within 12 months of its constitution. Its report shall record any agreements reached and, failing agreement, its conclusions on all questions of fact or law relevant to the matter in dispute and such recommendations as the commission may deem appropriate for an amicable settlement. The report shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and shall immediately be transmitted by him to the parties to the dispute.	1．委员会应于成立后十二个月内提出报告，报告应载明所达成的任何协议，如不能达成协议，则应载明委员会对有关争端事项的一切事实问题或法律问题的结论及其可能认为适当的和睦解决建议，报告应交存于联合国秘书长，并应由其立即分送争端各方。
2. The report of the commission, including its conclusions or recommendations, shall not be binding upon the parties.	2．委员会的报告，包括其结论或建议，对争端各方应无拘束力。
Article 8	第八条
Termination	程序的终止
The conciliation proceedings are terminated when a settlement has been reached, when the parties have accepted or one party has rejected the recommendations of the report by written notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, or when a period of three months has expired from the date of transmission of the report to the parties.	在争端已经得到解决，或争端各方已书面通知联合国秘书长接受报告的建议或一方已通知联合国秘书长拒绝接受报告的建议，或从报告送交争端各方之日起三个月期限已经届满时，调解程序即告终止。
Article 9	第九条
Fees and expenses	费用和开支
The fees and expenses of the commission shall be borne by the parties to the dispute.	委员会的费用和开支应由争端各方负担。
Article 10	第十条
Right of parties to modify procedure	争端各方关于改变程序的权利
The parties to the dispute may by agreement applicable solely to that dispute modify any provision of this Annex.	争端各方可以仅适用于该争端的协议修改本附件的任何规定。
SECTION 2. COMPULSORY SUBMISSION TO CONCILIATION PROCEDURE PURSUANT TO SECTION 3 OF PART XV	第二节 按照第十五部分第三节提交的强制调解程序
Article 11	第十一条
Institution of proceedings	程序的提起
1. Any party to a dispute which, in accordance with Part XV, section 3, may be submitted to conciliation under this section, may institute the proceedings by written notification addressed to the other party or parties to the dispute.	1．按照第十五部分第三节须提交本节规定的调解程序的争端任何一方可向争端他方发出书面通知提起程序。
2. Any party to the dispute, notified under paragraph 1, shall be obliged to submit to such proceedings.	2．收到第1款所指通知的争端任何一方应有义务接受调解程序。
Article 12	第十二条
Failure to reply or to submit to conciliation	不答复或不接受调解
The failure of a party or parties to the dispute to reply to notification of institution of proceedings or to submit to such proceedings shall not constitute a bar to the proceedings.	争端一方或数方对提起程序的通知不予答复或不接受此种程序，不应阻碍程序的进行。
Article 13	第十三条
Competence	权限
A disagreement as to whether a conciliation commission acting under this section has competence shall be decided by the commission.	对于按照本节行事的调解委员会是否有管辖权如有争议，应由调解委员会加以解决。
Article 14	第十四条
Application of section 1	第一节的适用
Articles 2 to 10 of section l of this Annex apply subject to this section.	本附件第一节第二至第十条在本节限制下适用。
ANNEX VI.	附件六
STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA	国际海洋法法庭规约
Article 1	第一条
General provisions	一般规定
1. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and this Statute.	1．国际海洋法法庭应按照本公约和本规约的规定组成并执行职务。
2. The seat of the Tribunal shall be in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in the Federal Republic of Germany.	2．法庭的所在地应为德意志联邦共和国汉堡自由汉萨城。
3. The Tribunal may sit and exercise its functions elsewhere whenever it considers this desirable.	3．法庭于认为合宜时可在其他地方开庭并执行职务。
4. A reference of a dispute to the Tribunal shall be governed by the provisions of Parts XI and XV.	4．将争端提交法庭应遵守第十一和第十五部分的规定。
SECTION 1. ORGANIZATION OF THE TRIBUNAL	第一节 法庭的组织
Article 2	第二条
Composition	组成
1. The Tribunal shall be composed of a body of 21 independent members, elected from among persons enjoying the highest reputation for fairness and integrity and of recognized competence in the field of the law of the sea.	1．法庭应由独立法官二十一人组成，从享有公平和正直的最高声誉，在海洋法领域内具有公认资格的人士中选出。
2. In the Tribunal as a whole the representation of the principal legal systems of the world and equitable geographical distribution shall be assured.	2．法庭作为一个整体，应确保其能代表世界各主要法系和公平地区分配。
Article 3	第三条
Membership	法官
1. No two members of the Tribunal may be nationals of the same State.	1．法庭法官中不得有二人为同一国家的国民。
A person who for the purposes of membership in the Tribunal could be regarded as a national of more than one State shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights.	为担任法庭法官的目的，一人而可视为一个以上国家的国民者，应视为其通常行使公民及政治权利的国家的国民。
2. There shall be no fewer than three members from each geographical group as established by the General Assembly of the United Nations.	2．联合国大会所确定的每一地理区域集团应有法官至少三人。
Article 4	第四条
Nominations and elections	提名和选举
1. Each State Party may nominate not more than two persons having the qualifications prescribed in article 2 of this Annex. The members of the Tribunal shall be elected from the list of persons thus nominated.	1．每一缔约国可提名不超过二名具有本附件第二条所规定的资格的候选人，法庭法官应从这样提名的人选名单中选出。
2. At least three months before the date of the election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations in the case of the first election and the Registrar of the Tribunal in the case of subsequent elections shall address a written invitation to the States Parties to submit their nominations for members of the Tribunal within two months.	2．第一次选举应由联合国秘书长，以后各次选举应由法庭书记官长，至少在选举之日前三个月，书面邀请各缔约国在两个月内提名法庭法官的候选人。
He shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all the persons thus nominated, with an indication of the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties before the seventh day of the last month before the date of each election.	秘书长或书记官长应依字母次序编制所提出的候选人名单，载明提名的缔约国，并应在每次选举之日前最后一个月的第七天以前将其提交各缔约国。
3. The first election shall be held within six months of the date of entry into force of this Convention.	3．第一次选举应于本公约生效之日起六个月内举行。
4. The members of the Tribunal shall be elected by secret ballot.	4．法庭法官的选举应以无记名投票进行。
Elections shall be held at a meeting of the States Parties convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in the case of the first election and by a procedure agreed to by the States Parties in the case of subsequent elections.	第一次选举应由联合国秘书长召开缔约国会议举行，以后的选举应按各缔约国协议的程序举行。
Two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum at that meeting.	在该会议上，缔约国的三分之二应构成法定人数。
The persons elected to the Tribunal shall be those nominees who obtain the largest number of votes and a two-thirds majority of the States Parties present and voting, provided that such majority includes a majority of the States Parties.	得票最多并获得出席并参加表决的缔约国三分之二多数票的候选人应当选为法庭法官，但须这项多数包括缔约国的过半数。
Article 5	第五条
Term of office	任期
1. The members of the Tribunal shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected; provided, however, that of the members elected at the first election, the terms of seven members shall expire at the end of three years and the terms of seven more members shall expire at the end of six years.	1．法庭法官任期九年，连选可连任；但须第一次选举选出的法官中，七人任期为三年，另七人为六年。
2. The members of the Tribunal whose terms are to expire at the end of the above-mentioned initial periods of three and six years shall be chosen by lot to be drawn by the Secretary-General of the United Nations immediately after the first election.	2．第一次选举选出的法庭法官中，谁任期三年，谁任期六年，应于该次选举完毕后由联合国秘书长立即以抽签方法选定。
3. The members of the Tribunal shall continue to discharge their duties until their places have been filled.	3．法庭法官在其职位被接替前，应继续执行其职责。
Though replaced, they shall finish any proceedings which they may have begun before the date of their replacement.	法庭法官虽经接替，仍应完成在接替前已开始的任何程序。
4. In the case of the resignation of a member of the Tribunal, the letter of resignation shall be addressed to the President of the Tribunal.	4．法庭法官辞职时应将辞职书致送法庭庭长。
The place becomes vacant on the receipt of that letter.	收到辞职书后，该席位即行出缺。
Article 6	第六条
Vacancies	出缺
1. Vacancies shall be filled by the same method as that laid down for the first election, subject to the following provision: the Registrar shall, within one month of the occurrence of the vacancy, proceed to issue the invitations provided for in article 4 of this Annex, and the date of the election shall be fixed by the President of the Tribunal after consultation with the States Parties.	1．法官出缺，应按照第一次选举时所定的办法进行补缺，但须遵行下列规定：书记官长应于法官出缺后一个月内，发出本附件第四条规定的邀请书，选举日期应由法庭庭长在与各缔约国协商后指定。
2. A member of the Tribunal elected to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor's term.	2．法庭法官当选接替任期未满的法官者，应任职至其前任法官任期届满时为止。
Article 7	第七条
Incompatible activities	不适合的活动
1. No member of the Tribunal may exercise any political or administrative function, or associate actively with or be financially interested in any of the operations of any enterprise concerned with the exploration for or exploitation of the resources of the sea or the seabed or other commercial use of the sea or the seabed.	1．法庭法官不得执行任何政治或行政职务，或对任何与勘探和开发海洋或海底资源或与海洋或海底的其他商业用途有关的任何企业的任何业务有积极联系或有财务利益。
2. No member of the Tribunal may act as agent, counsel or advocate in any case.	2．法庭法官不得充任任何案件的代理人、律师或辩护人。
3. Any doubt on these points shall be resolved by decision of the majority of the other members of the Tribunal present.	3．关于上述各点的任何疑义，应由出席的法庭其他法官以过半数裁定解决。
Article 8	第八条
Conditions relating to participation of members in a particular case	关于法官参与特定案件的条件
1. No member of the Tribunal may participate in the decision of any case in which he has previously taken part as agent, counsel or advocate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or international court or tribunal, or in any other capacity.	1．任何过去曾作为某一案件当事一方的代理人、律师或辩护人，或曾作为国内或国际法院或法庭的法官，或以任何其他资格参加该案件的法庭法官，不得参与该案件的裁判。
2. If, for some special reason, a member of the Tribunal considers that he should not take part in the decision of a particular case, he shall so inform the President of the Tribunal.	2．如果法庭的某一法官因某种特殊理由认为不应参与某一特定案件的裁判，该法官应将此情形通知法庭庭长。
3. If the President considers that for some special reason one of the members of the Tribunal should not sit in a particular case, he shall give him notice accordingly.	3．如果法庭庭长认为法庭某一法官因某种特殊理由不应参与审理某一特定案件，庭长应将此情形通知该法官。
4. Any doubt on these points shall be resolved by decision of the majority of the other members of the Tribunal present.	4．关于上述各点的任何疑议，应由出席的法庭其他法官以过半数裁定解决。
Article 9	第九条
Consequence of ceasing to fulfil required conditions	不再适合必需的条件的后果
If, in the unanimous opinion of the other members of the Tribunal, a member has ceased to fulfil the required conditions, the President of the Tribunal shall declare the seat vacant.	如果法庭的其他法官一致认为某一法官已不再适合必需的条件，法庭庭长应宣布该席位出缺。
Article 10	第十条
Privileges and immunities	特权和豁免
The members of the Tribunal, when engaged on the business of the Tribunal, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities.	法庭法官于执行法庭职务时，应享有外交特权和豁免。
Article 11	第十一条
Solemn declaration by members	法官的郑重宣告
Every member of the Tribunal shall, before taking up his duties, make a solemn declaration in open session that he will exercise his powers impartially and conscientiously.	法庭每一法官在就职前，应在公开法庭上郑重宣告其将秉公竭诚行使职权。
Article 12	第十二条
President, Vice-President and Registrar	庭长、副庭长和书记官长
1. The Tribunal shall elect its President and Vice-President for three years; they may be re-elected.	1．法庭应选举庭长和副庭长，任期三年，连选可连任。
2. The Tribunal shall appoint its Registrar and may provide for the appointment of such other officers as may be necessary.	2．法庭应任命书记官长，并可为任命其他必要的工作人员作出规定。
3. The President and the Registrar shall reside at the seat of the Tribunal.	3．庭长和书记官长应驻在法庭所在地。
Article 13	第十三条
Quorum	法定人数
1. All available members of the Tribunal shall sit; a quorum of 11 elected members shall be required to constitute the Tribunal.	1．所有可以出庭的法庭法官均应出庭，但须有选任法官十一人才构成法庭的法定人数。
2. Subject to article 17 of this Annex, the Tribunal shall determine which members are available to constitute the Tribunal for the consideration of a particular dispute, having regard to the effective functioning of the chambers as provided for in articles 14 and 15 of this Annex.	2．在本附件第十七条限制下，法庭应确定哪些法官可以出庭组成审理某一特定争端的法庭，同时顾及本附件第十四和第十五条所规定的分庭有效执行其职务。
3. All disputes and applications submitted to the Tribunal shall be heard and determined by the Tribunal, unless article 14 of this Annex applies, or the parties request that it shall be dealt with in accordance with article 15 of this Annex.	3．除非适用本附件第十四条，或当事各方请求应按照本附件第十五条处理，提交法庭的一切争端和申请，均应由法庭审讯和裁判。
Article 14	第十四条
Seabed Disputes Chamber	海底争端分庭
A Seabed Disputes Chamber shall be established in accordance with the provisions of section 4 of this Annex.	海底争端分庭应按照本附件第四节设立。
Its jurisdiction, powers and functions shall be as provided for in Part XI, section 5.	分庭的管辖权、权力和职务，应如第十一部分第五节所规定。
Article 15	第十五条
Special chambers	特别分庭
1. The Tribunal may form such chambers, composed of three or more of its elected members, as it considers necessary for dealing with particular categories of disputes.	1．法庭可设立其认为必要的分庭，由其选任法官三人或三人以上组成，以处理特定种类的争端。
2. The Tribunal shall form a chamber for dealing with a particular dispute submitted to it if the parties so request.	2．法庭如经当事各方请求，应设立分庭，以处理提交法庭的某一特定争端。
The composition of such a chamber shall be determined by the Tribunal with the approval of the parties.	这种分庭的组成，应由法庭在征得当事各方同意后决定。
3. With a view to the speedy dispatch of business, the Tribunal shall form annually a chamber composed of five of its elected members which may hear and determine disputes by summary procedure.	3．为了迅速处理事务，法庭每年应设立以其选任法官五人组成的分庭，该分庭应以简易程序审讯和裁判争端。
Two alternative members shall be selected for the purpose of replacing members who are unable to participate in a particular proceeding.	法庭应选出两名候补法官，以接替不能参与某一特定案件的法官。
4. Disputes shall be heard and determined by the chambers provided for in this article if the parties so request.	4．如经当事各方请求，争端应由本条所规定的分庭审讯和裁判。
5. A judgment given by any of the chambers provided for in this article and in article 14 of this Annex shall be considered as rendered by the Tribunal.	5．本条和本附件第十四条所规定的任何分庭作出的判决，应视为法庭作出的判决。
Article 16	第十六条
Rules of the Tribunal	法庭的规则
The Tribunal shall frame rules for carrying out its functions.	法庭应制订执行其职务的规则。
In particular it shall lay down rules of procedure.	法庭应特别订立关于其程序的规则。
Article 17	第十七条
Nationality of members	法官的国籍
1. Members of the Tribunal of the nationality of any of the parties to a dispute shall retain their right to participate as members of the Tribunal.	1．属于争端任何一方国籍的法庭法官，应保有其作为法庭法官参与的权利。
2. If the Tribunal, when hearing a dispute, includes upon the bench a member of the nationality of one of the parties, any other party may choose a person to participate as a member of the Tribunal.	2．如果在受理一项争端时，法庭上有属于当事一方国籍的法官，争端任何他方可选派一人为法庭法官参与。
3. If the Tribunal, when hearing a dispute, does not include upon the bench a member of the nationality of the parties, each of those parties may choose a person to participate as a member of the Tribunal.	3．如果在审查一项争端时，法庭上没有属于当事各方国籍的法官，当事每一方均可选派一人为法庭法官参与。
4. This article applies to the chambers referred to in articles 14 and 15 of this Annex.	4．本条适用于本附件第十四和第十五条所指的分庭。
In such cases, the President, in consultation with the parties, shall request specified members of the Tribunal forming the chamber, as many as necessary, to give place to the members of the Tribunal of the nationality of the parties concerned, and, failing such, or if they are unable to be present, to the members specially chosen by the parties.	在这种情形下，庭长应与当事各方协商后，要求组成分庭的法官中必要数目的法官将席位让给属于有关当事各方国籍的法官，如果不能作到这一点，或这些法官不能出庭，则让给当事各方特别选派的法官。
5. Should there be several parties in the same interest, they shall, for the purpose of the preceding provisions, be considered as one party only.	5．如果当事若干方利害关系相同，则为以上各项规定的目的，该若干方应视为当事一方。
Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Tribunal.	关于这一点的任何疑义，应由法庭以裁定解决。
6. Members chosen in accordance with paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall fulfil the conditions required by articles 2, 8 and 11 of this Annex.	6．按照本条第2、第3和第4款选派的法官，应符合本附件第二、第八和第十一条规定的条件。
They shall participate in the decision on terms of complete equality with their colleagues.	他们应在与其同事完全平等的条件下参与裁判。
Article 18	第十八条
Remuneration of members	法官的报酬
1. Each elected member of the Tribunal shall receive an annual allowance and, for each day on which he exercises his functions, a special allowance, provided that in any year the total sum payable to any member as special allowance shall not exceed the amount of the annual allowance.	1．法庭每一选任法官均应领取年度津贴，并于执行职务时按日领取特别津贴，但任何一年付给任一法官的特别津贴总额不应超过年度津贴的数额。
2. The President shall receive a special annual allowance.	2．庭长应领取特别年度津贴。
3. The Vice-President shall receive a special allowance for each day on which he acts as President.	3．副庭长于代行庭长职务时，应按日领取特别津贴。
4. The members chosen under article 17 of this Annex, other than elected members of the Tribunal, shall receive compensation for each day on which they exercise their functions.	4．根据本附件第十七条在法庭选任法官以外选派的法官，应于执行其职务时，按日领取酬金。
5. The salaries, allowances and compensation shall be determined from time to time at meetings of the States Parties, taking into account the workload of the Tribunal.	5．薪给、津贴和酬金应由各缔约国随时开会决定，同时考虑到法庭的工作量。
They may not be decreased during the term of office.	薪给、津贴和酬金在任期内不得减少。
6. The salary of the Registrar shall be determined at meetings of the States Parties, on the proposal of the Tribunal.	6．书记官长的薪给，应由各缔约国根据法庭的提议开会决定。
7. Regulations adopted at meetings of the States Parties shall determine the conditions under which retirement pensions may be given to members of the Tribunal and to the Registrar, and the conditions under which members of the Tribunal and Registrar shall have their travelling expenses refunded.	7．法庭法官和书记官长支领退休金的条件，以及法庭法官和书记官长补领旅费的条件，均应由各缔约国开会制订规章加以确定。
8. The salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be free of all taxation.	8．薪给、津贴和酬金，应免除一切税捐。
Article 19	第十九条
Expenses of the Tribunal	法庭的开支
1. The expenses of the Tribunal shall be borne by the States Parties and by the Authority on such terms and in such a manner as shall be decided at meetings of the States Parties.	1．法庭的开支应由各缔约国和管理局负担，其负担的条件和方式由各缔约国开会决定。
2. When an entity other than a State Party or the Authority is a party to a case submitted to it, the Tribunal shall fix the amount which that party is to contribute towards the expenses of the Tribunal.	2．当既非缔约国亦非管理局的一个实体为提交法庭的案件的当事一方时，法庭应确定该方对法庭的开支应缴的款额。
SECTION 2. COMPETENCE	第二节 权限
Article 20	第二十条
Access to the Tribunal	向法庭申诉的机会
1. The Tribunal shall be open to States Parties.	1．法庭应对各缔约国开放。
2. The Tribunal shall be open to entities other than States Parties in any case expressly provided for in Part XI or in any case submitted pursuant to any other agreement conferring jurisdiction on the Tribunal which is accepted by all the parties to that case.	2．对于第十一部分明文规定的任何案件，或按照案件当事所有各方接受的将管辖权授予法庭的任何其他协定提交的任何案件，法庭应对缔约国以外的实体开放。
Article 21	第二十一条
Jurisdiction	管辖权
The jurisdiction of the Tribunal comprises all disputes and all applications submitted to it in accordance with this Convention and all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement which confers jurisdiction on the Tribunal.	法庭的管辖权包括按照本公约向其提交的一切争端和申请，和将管辖权授予法庭的任何其他国际协定中具体规定的一切申请。
Article 22	第二十二条
Reference of disputes subject to other agreements	其他协定范围内的争端的提交
If all the parties to a treaty or convention already in force and concerning the subject-matter covered by this Convention so agree, any disputes concerning the interpretation or application of such treaty or convention may, in accordance with such agreement, be submitted to the Tribunal.	如果同本公约所包括的主题事项有关的现行有效条约或公约的所有缔约国同意，则有关这种条约或公约的解释或适用的任何争端，可按照这种协定提交法庭。
Article 23	第二十三条
Applicable law	可适用的法律
The Tribunal shall decide all disputes and applications in accordance with article 293.	法庭应按照第二九三条裁判一切争端和申请。
SECTION 3. PROCEDURE	第三节 程序
Article 24	第二十四条
Institution of proceedings	程序的提起
1. Disputes are submitted to the Tribunal, as the case may be, either by notification of a special agreement or by written application, addressed to the Registrar.	1．争端可根据情况以将特别协定通知书记官长或以将申请书送达书记官长的方式提交法庭。
In either case, the subject of the dispute and the parties shall be indicated.	两种方式均应载明争端事由和争端各方。
2. The Registrar shall forthwith notify the special agreement or the application to all concerned.	2．书记官长应立即将特别协定或申请书通知有关各方。
3. The Registrar shall also notify all States Parties.	3．书记官长也应通知所有缔约国。
Article 25	第二十五条
Provisional measures	临时措施
1. In accordance with article 290, the Tribunal and its Seabed Disputes Chamber shall have the power to prescribe provisional measures.	1．按照第二九〇条，法庭及其海底争端分庭应有权规定临时措施。
2. If the Tribunal is not in session or a sufficient number of members is not available to constitute a quorum, the provisional measures shall be prescribed by the chamber of summary procedure formed under article 15, paragraph 3, of this Annex.	2．如果法庭不开庭，或没有足够数目的法官构成法定人数，临时措施应由根据本附件第十五条第3款设立的简易程序分庭加以规定。
Notwithstanding article 15, paragraph 4, of this Annex, such provisional measures may be adopted at the request of any party to the dispute.	虽有本附件第十五条第4款的规定，在争端任何一方请求下，仍可采取这种临时措施。
They shall be subject to review and revision by the Tribunal.	临时措施应由法庭加以审查和修订。
Article 26	第二十六条
Hearing	审讯
1. The hearing shall be under the control of the President or, if he is unable to preside, of the Vice-President.	1．审讯应由庭长主持，庭长不能主持时，应由副庭长主持。
If neither is able to preside, the senior judge present of the Tribunal shall preside.	庭长副庭长如均不能主持，应由出庭法官中资深者主持。
2. The hearing shall be public, unless the Tribunal decides otherwise or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted.	2．除非法庭另有决定或当事各方要求拒绝公众旁听，审讯应公开进行。
Article 27	第二十七条
Conduct of case	案件的审理
The Tribunal shall make orders for the conduct of the case, decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking of evidence.	法庭为审理案件，应发布命令，决定当事每一方必须终结辩论的方式和时间，并作出有关收受证据的一切安排。
Article 28	第二十八条
Default	不到案
When one of the parties does not appear before the Tribunal or fails to defend its case, the other party may request the Tribunal to continue the proceedings and make its decision.	当事一方不出庭或对其案件不进行辩论时，他方可请求法庭继续进行程序并作出裁判。
Absence of a party or failure of a party to defend its case shall not constitute a bar to the proceedings.	当事一方缺席或对其案件不进行辩护，应不妨碍程序的进行。
Before making its decision, the Tribunal must satisfy itself not only that it has jurisdiction over the dispute, but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law.	法庭在作出裁判前，必须不但查明对该争端确有管辖权，而且查明所提要求在事实上和法律上均确有根据。
Article 29	第二十九条
Majority for decision	过半数决定
1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of the members of the Tribunal who are present.	1．一切问题应由出庭的法官的过半数决定。
2. In the event of an equality of votes, the President or the member of the Tribunal who acts in his place shall have a casting vote.	2．如果票数相等，庭长或代理庭长职务的法庭法官应投决定票。
Article 30	第三十条
Judgment	判决书
1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based.	1．判决书应叙明其所根据的理由。
2. It shall contain the names of the members of the Tribunal who have taken part in the decision.	2．判决书应载明参与判决的法庭法官姓名。
3. If the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unanimous opinion of the members of the Tribunal, any member shall be entitled to deliver a separate opinion.	3．如果判决书全部或一部不能代表法庭法官的一致意见，任何法官均有权发表个别意见。
4. The judgment shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar.	4．判决书应由庭长和书记官长签名。
It shall be read in open court, due notice having been given to the parties to the dispute.	判决书在正式通知争端各方后，应在法庭上公开宣读。
Article 3l	第三十一条
Request to intervene	参加的请求
1. Should a State Party consider that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in any dispute, it may submit a request to the Tribunal to be permitted to intervene.	1．一个缔约国如认为任何争端的裁判可能影响该缔约国的法律性质的利益，可向法庭请求准许参加。
2. It shall be for the Tribunal to decide upon this request.	2．此项请求应由法庭裁定。
3. If a request to intervene is granted, the decision of the Tribunal in respect of the dispute shall be binding upon the intervening State Party in so far as it relates to matters in respect of which that State Party intervened.	3．如果请求参加获准，法庭对该争端的裁判，应在与该缔约国参加事项有关的范围内，对参加的缔约国有拘束力。
Article 32	第三十二条
Right to intervene in cases of interpretation or application	对解释或适用案件的参加权利
1. Whenever the interpretation or application of this Convention is in question, the Registrar shall notify all States Parties forthwith.	1．无论何时，如对本公约的解释或适用发生疑问，书记官长应立即通知所有缔约国。
2. Whenever pursuant to article 21 or 22 of this Annex the interpretation or application of an international agreement is in question, the Registrar shall notify all the parties to the agreement.	2．无论何时，如依照本附件第二十一或第二十二条对一项国际协定的解释或适用发生疑问，书记官长应通知该协定的所有缔约方。
3. Every party referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 has the right to intervene in the proceedings; if it uses this right, the interpretation given by the judgment will be equally binding upon it.	3．第1和第2款所指的每一方均有参加程序的权利；如该方行使此项权利，判决书中所作解释即对该方同样地有拘束力。
Article 33	第三十三条
Finality and binding force of decisions	裁判的确定性和拘束力
1. The decision of the Tribunal is final and shall be complied with by all the parties to the dispute.	1．法庭的裁判是有确定性的，争端所有各方均应遵行。
2. The decision shall have no binding force except between the parties in respect of that particular dispute.	2．裁判除在当事各方之间及对该特定争端外，应无拘束力。
3. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of the decision, the Tribunal shall construe it upon the request of any party.	3．对裁判的意义或范围发生争端时，经当事任何一方的请求，法庭应予解释。
Article 34	第三十四条
Costs	费用
Unless otherwise decided by the Tribunal, each party shall bear its own costs.	除法庭另有裁定外，费用应由当事各方自行负担。
SECTION 4. SEABED DISPUTES CHAMBER	第四节 海底争端分庭
Article 35	第三十五条
Composition	组成
1. The Seabed Disputes Chamber referred to in article 14 of this Annex shall be composed of 11 members, selected by a majority of the elected members of the Tribunal from among them.	1．本附件第十四条所指的海底争端分庭，应由海洋法法庭法官以过半数从法庭选任法官中选派法官十一人组成。
2. In the selection of the members of the Chamber, the representation of the principal legal systems of the world and equitable geographical distribution shall be assured.	2．在选出分庭法官时，应确保能代表世界各主要法系和公平地区分配。
The Assembly of the Authority may adopt recommendations of a general nature relating to such representation and distribution.	管理局大会可就这种代表性和分配提出一般性的建议。
3. The members of the Chamber shall be selected every three years and may be selected for a second term.	3．分庭法官应每三年改选一次，连选可连任一次。
4. The Chamber shall elect its President from among its members, who shall serve for the term for which the Chamber has been selected.	4．分庭应从其法官中选出庭长，庭长应在分庭当选的任期内执行职务。
5. If any proceedings are still pending at the end of any three-year period for which the Chamber has been selected, the Chamber shall complete the proceedings in its original composition.	5．如果选出分庭的任何三年任期终了时仍有案件尚在进行，该分庭应按原来的组成完成该案件。
6. If a vacancy occurs in the Chamber, the Tribunal shall select a successor from among its elected members, who shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor's term.	6．如果分庭法官出缺，法庭应从其选任法官中选派继任法官，继任法官应任职至其前任法官任期届满时为止。
7. A quorum of seven of the members selected by the Tribunal shall be required to constitute the Chamber.	7．法庭选任法官七人应为组成分庭所需的法定人数。
Article 36	第三十六条
Ad hoc chambers	专案分庭
1. The Seabed Disputes Chamber shall form an ad hoc chamber, composed of three of its members, for dealing with a particular dispute submitted to it in accordance with article 188, paragraph 1(b)	1．海底争端分庭为处理按照第一八八条第1款（b）项向其提出的特定争端，应成立专案分庭，由其法官三人组成。
The composition of such a chamber shall be determined by the Seabed Disputes Chamber with the approval of the parties.	这种分庭的组成，应由海底争端分庭在得到当事各方同意后决定。
2. If the parties do not agree on the composition of an ad hoc chamber, each party to the dispute shall appoint one member, and the third member shall be appointed by them in agreement.	2．如果争端各方不同意专案分庭的组成，争端每一方应指派法官一人，第三名法官则应由双方协议指派。
If they disagree, or if any party fails to make an appointment, the President of the Seabed Disputes Chamber shall promptly make the appointment or appointments from among its members, after consultation with the parties.	如果双方不能达成协议，或如任何一方未能作出这种指派，海底争端分庭庭长应于同争端各方协商后，迅速从海底争端分庭法官中作出这种指派。
3. Members of the ad hoc chamber must not be in the service of, or nationals of, any of the parties to the dispute.	3．专案分庭的法官必须不属争端任何一方的工作人员，或其国民。
Article 37	第三十七条
Access	申诉机会
The Chamber shall be open to the States Parties, the Authority and the other entities referred to in Part XI, section 5.	分庭应对各缔约国、管理局和第十一部分第五节所指的实体开放。
Article 38	第三十八条
Applicable law	可适用的法律
In addition to the provisions of article 293, the Chamber shall apply:	除第二九三条的规定以外，分庭应：
(a) the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority adopted in accordance with this Convention; and	（a）适用按照本公约制订的管理局规则、规章和程序；和
(b) the terms of contracts concerning activities in the Area in matters relating to those contracts.	（b）对有关“区域”内活动的合同的事项，适用这种合同的条款。
Article 39	第三十九条
Enforcement of decisions of the Chamber	分庭裁判的执行
The decisions of the Chamber shall be enforceable in the territories of the States Parties in the same manner as judgments or orders of the highest court of the State Party in whose territory the enforcement is sought.	分庭的裁判应以需要在其境内执行的缔约国最高级法院判决或命令的同样执行方式，在该缔约国领土内执行。
Article 40	第四十条
Applicability of other sections of this Annex	本附件其他各节的适用
1. The other sections of this Annex which are not incompatible with this section apply to the Chamber.	1．本附件中与本节不相抵触的其他各节的规定，适用于分庭。
2. In the exercise of its functions relating to advisory opinions, the Chamber shall be guided by the provisions of this Annex relating to procedure before the Tribunal to the extent to which it recognizes them to be applicable.	2．分庭在执行其有关咨询意见的职务时，应在其认为可以适用的范围内，受本附件中关于法庭程序的规定的指导。
SECTION 5. AMENDMENTS	第五节 修正案
Article 4l	第四十一条
Amendments	修正案
1. Amendments to this Annex, other than amendments to section 4, may be adopted only in accordance with article 313 or by consensus at a conference convened in accordance with this Convention.	1．对本附件的修正案，除对其第四节的修正案外，只可按照第三一三条或在按照本公约召开的一次会议上，以协商一致方式通过。
2. Amendments to section 4 may be adopted only in accordance with article 314.	2．对本附件第四节的修正案，只可按照第三一四条通过。
3. The Tribunal may propose such amendments to this Statute as it may consider necessary, by written communications to the States Parties for their consideration in conformity with paragraphs 1 and 2.	3．法庭可向缔约国发出书面通知，对本规约提出其认为必要的修正案，以便依照第1和第2款加以审议。
ANNEX VII.	附件七
ARBITRATION	仲裁
Article 1	第一条
Institution of proceedings	程序的提起
Subject to the provisions of Part XV, any party to a dispute may submit the dispute to the arbitral procedure provided for in this Annex by written notification addressed to the other party or parties to the dispute.	在第十五部分限制下，争端任何一方可向争端他方发出书面通知，将争端提交本附件所规定的仲裁程序。
The notification shall be accompanied by a statement of the claim and the grounds on which it is based.	通知应附有一份关于其权利主张及该权利主张所依据的理由的说明。
Article 2	第二条
List of arbitrators	仲裁员名单
l. A list of arbitrators shall be drawn up and maintained by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.	1．联合国秘书长应编制并保持一份仲裁员名单。
Every State Party shall be entitled to nominate four arbitrators, each of whom shall be a person experienced in maritime affairs and enjoying the highest reputation for fairness, competence and integrity.	每一缔约国应有权提名四名仲裁员，每名仲裁员均应在海洋事务方面富有经验并享有公平、才干和正直的最高声誉。
The names of the persons so nominated shall constitute the list.	这样提名的人员的姓名应构成该名单。
2. If at any time the arbitrators nominated by a State Party in the list so constituted shall be fewer than four, that State Party shall be entitled to make further nominations as necessary.	2．无论何时如果一个缔约国提名的仲裁员在这样构成的名单内少于四名，该缔约国应有权按需要提名增补。
3. The name of an arbitrator shall remain on the list until withdrawn by the State Party which made the nomination, provided that such arbitrator shall continue to serve on any arbitral tribunal to which that arbitrator has been appointed until the completion of the proceedings before that arbitral tribunal.	3．仲裁员经提名缔约国撤回前仍应列在名单内，但被撤回的仲裁员仍应继续在被指派服务的任何仲裁法庭中工作，直到该仲裁法庭处理中的任何程序完成时为止。
Article 3	第三条
Constitution of arbitral tribunal	仲裁法庭的组成
For the purpose of proceedings under this Annex, the arbitral tribunal shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, be constituted as follows:	为本附件所规定程序的目的，除非争端各方另有协议，仲裁法庭应依下列规定组成：
(a) Subject to subparagraph (g) , the arbitral tribunal shall consist of five members.	（a）在（g）项限制下，仲裁法庭应由仲裁员五人组成。
(b) The party instituting the proceedings shall appoint one member to be chosen preferably from the list referred to in article 2 of this Annex, who may be its national.	（b）提起程序的一方应指派一人，最好从本附件第二条所指名单中选派，并可为其本国国民。
The appointment shall be included in the notification referred to in article l of this Annex.	这种指派应列入本附件第一条所指的通知。
(c) The other party to the dispute shall, within 30 days of receipt of the notification referred to in article l of this Annex, appoint one member to be chosen preferably from the list, who may be its national.	（c）争端他方应在收到本附件第一条所指通知三十天内指派一名仲裁员，最好从名单人选派，并可为其国民。
If the appointment is not made within that period, the party instituting the proceedings may, within two weeks of the expiration of that period, request that the appointment be made in accordance with subparagraph (e)	如在该期限内未作出指派，提起程序的一方，可在该期限届满两星期内，请求按照（e）项作出指派。
(d) The other three members shall be appointed by agreement between the parties.	（d）另三名仲裁员应由当事各方间以协议指派。
They shall be chosen preferably from the list and shall be nationals of third States unless the parties otherwise agree.	他们最好从名单中选派，并应为第三国国民，除非各方另有协议。
The parties to the dispute shall appoint the President of the arbitral tribunal from among those three members.	争端各方应从这三名仲裁员中选派一人为仲裁法庭庭长。
If, within 60 days of receipt of the notification referred to in article l of this Annex, the parties are unable to reach agreement on the appointment of one or more of the members of the tribunal to be appointed by agreement, or on the appointment of the President, the remaining appointment or appointments shall be made in accordance with subparagraph (e) , at the request of a party to the dispute.	如果在收到本附件第一条所指通知后六十天内，各方未能就应以协议指派的仲裁法庭一名或一名以上仲裁员的指派达成协议，或未能就指派庭长达成协议，则经争端一方请示，所余指派应按照（e）项作出。
Such request shall be made within two weeks of the expiration of the aforementioned 60-day period.	这种请求应于上述六十天期间届满后两星期作出。
(e) Unless the parties agree that any appointment under subparagraphs (c) and (d) be made by a person or a third State chosen by the parties, the President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea shall make the necessary appointments.	（e）除非争端各方协议将本条（c）和（d）项规定的任何指派交由争端各方选定的某一人士或第三国作出，应由国际海洋法法庭庭长作出必要的指派。
If the President is unable to act under this subparagraph or is a national of one of the parties to the dispute, the appointment shall be made by the next senior member of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea who is available and is not a national of one of the parties.	如果庭长不能依据本项办理，或为争端一方的国民，这种指派应由可以担任这项工作并且不是争端任何一方国民的国际海洋法法庭年资次深法官作出。
The appointments referred to in this subparagraph shall be made from the list referred to in article 2 of this Annex within a period of 30 days of the receipt of the request and in consultation with the parties.	本项所指的指派，应于收到请求后三十天期间内，在与当事双方协商后，从本附件第二条所指名单中作出。
The members so appointed shall be of different nationalities and may not be in the service of, ordinarily resident in the territory of, or nationals of, any of the parties to the dispute.	这样指派的仲裁员应属不同国籍，且不得为争端任何一方的工作人员，或其境内的通常居民或其国民。
(f) Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the initial appointment.	（f）任何出缺应按照原来的指派方法补缺。
(g) Parties in the same interest shall appoint one member of the tribunal jointly by agreement.	（g）利害关系相同的争端各方，应通过协议共同指派一名仲裁员。
Where there are several parties having separate interests or where there is disagreement as to whether they are of the same interest, each of them shall appoint one member of the tribunal.	如果争端若干方利害关系不同，或对彼此是否利害关系相同，意见不一致，则争端每一方应指派一名仲裁员。
The number of members of the tribunal appointed separately by the parties shall always be smaller by one than the number of members of the tribunal to be appointed jointly by the parties.	由争端各方分别指派的仲裁员，其人数应始终比由争端各方共同指派的仲裁员少一人。
(h) In disputes involving more than two parties, the provisions of subparagraphs (a) to (f) shall apply to the maximum extent possible.	（h）对于涉及两个以上争端各方的争端，应在最大可能范围内适用（a）至（f）项的规定。
Article 4	第四条
Functions of arbitral tribunal	仲裁法庭职务的执行
An arbitral tribunal constituted under article 3 of this Annex shall function in accordance with this Annex and the other provisions of this Convention.	依据本附件第三条组成的仲裁法庭，应按照本附件及本公约的其他规定执行职务。
Article 5	第五条
Procedure	程序
Unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree, the arbitral tribunal shall determine its own procedure, assuring to each party a full opportunity to be heard and to present its case.	除非争端各方另有协议，仲裁法庭应确定其自己的程序，保证争端每一方有陈述意见和提出其主张的充分机会。
Article 6	第六条
Duties of parties to a dispute	争端各方的职责
The parties to the dispute shall facilitate the work of the arbitral tribunal and, in particular, in accordance with their law and using all means at their disposal, shall:	争端各方应便利仲裁法庭的工作，特别应按照其本国法律并用一切可用的方法：
(a) provide it with all relevant documents, facilities and information; and	（a）向法庭提供一切有关文件、便利和情报；并
(b) enable it when necessary to call witnesses or experts and receive their evidence and to visit the localities to which the case relates.	（b）使法庭在必要时能够传唤证人或专家和收受其证据，并视察同案件有关的地点。
Article 7	第七条
Expenses	开支
Unless the arbitral tribunal decides otherwise because of the particular circumstances of the case, the expenses of the tribunal, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne by the parties to the dispute in equal shares.	除非仲裁法庭因案情特殊而另有决定，法庭的开支，包括仲裁员的报酬，应由争端各方平均分担。
Article 8	第八条
Required majority for decisions	作出裁决所需要的多数
Decisions of the arbitral tribunal shall be taken by a majority vote of its members.	仲裁法庭的裁决应以仲裁员的过半数票作出。
The absence or abstention of less than half of the members shall not constitute a bar to the tribunal reaching a decision. In the event of an equality of votes, the President shall have a casting vote.	不到半数的仲裁员缺席或弃权，应不妨碍法庭作出裁决，如果票数相等，庭长应投决定票。
Article 9	第九条
Default of appearance	不到案
If one of the parties to the dispute does not appear before the arbitral tribunal or fails to defend its case, the other party may request the tribunal to continue the proceedings and to make its award.	如争端一方不出庭或对案件不进行辩护，他方可请示仲裁法庭继续进行程序并作出裁决。
Absence of a party or failure of a party to defend its case shall not constitute a bar to the proceedings.	争端一方缺席或不对案件进行辩护，应不妨碍程序的进行。
Before making its award, the arbitral tribunal must satisfy itself not only that it has jurisdiction over the dispute but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law.	仲裁法庭在作出裁决前，必须不但查明对该争端确有管辖权，而且查明所提要求在事实上和法庭上均确有根据。
Article 10	第十条
Award	裁决书
The award of the arbitral tribunal shall be confined to the subject-matter of the dispute and state the reasons on which it is based.	仲裁法庭的裁决书应以争端的主题事项为限，并应叙明其所根据的理由。
It shall contain the names of the members who have participated and the date of the award.	裁决书应载明参与作出裁决的仲裁员姓名以及作出裁决的日期。
Any member of the tribunal may attach a separate or dissenting opinion to the award.	任何仲裁员均可在裁决书上附加个别意见或不同意见。
Article 11	第十一条
Finality of award	裁决的确定性
The award shall be final and without appeal, unless the parties to the dispute have agreed in advance to an appellate procedure. It shall be complied with by the parties to the dispute.	除争端各方事前议定某种上诉程序外，裁决应有确定性，不得上诉，争端各方均应遵守裁决。
Article 12	第十二条
Interpretation or implementation of award	裁决的解释或执行
1. Any controversy which may arise between the parties to the dispute as regards the interpretation or manner of implementation of the award may be submitted by either party for decision to the arbitral tribunal which made the award.	1．争端各方之间对裁决的解释或执行方式的任何争议，可由任何一方提请作出该裁决的仲裁法庭决定。
For this purpose, any vacancy in the tribunal shall be filled in the manner provided for in the original appointments of the members of the tribunal.	为此目的，法庭的任何出缺，应按原来指派仲裁员的方法补缺。
2. Any such controversy may be submitted to another court or tribunal under article 287 by agreement of all the parties to the dispute.	2．任何这种争执，可由争端所有各方协议，提交第二八七条所规定的另一法院或法庭。
Article 13	第十三条
Application to entities other than States Parties	对缔约国以外的实体的适用
The provisions of this Annex shall apply mutatis mutandis to any dispute involving entities other than States Parties.	本附件应比照适用于涉及缔约国以外的实体的任何争端。
ANNEX VIII.	附件八
SPECIAL ARBITRATION	特别仲裁
Article 1	第一条
Institution of proceedings	程序的提起
Subject to Part XV, any party to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the articles of this Convention relating to (1) fisheries, (2) protection and preservation of the marine environment, (3) marine scientific research, or (4) navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping, may submit the dispute to the special arbitral procedure provided for in this Annex by written notification addressed to the other party or parties to the dispute.	在第十五部分限制下，关于本公约中有关（1）渔业，（2）保护和保全海洋环境，（3）海洋科学研究和（4）航行、包括来自船只和倾倒造成的污染的条文在解释或适用上的争端，争端任何一方可向争端他方发出书面通知，将该争端提交本附件所规定的特别仲裁程序。
The notification shall be accompanied by a statement of the claim and the grounds on which it is based.	通知应附有一份关于其权利主张及该权利主张所依据的理由的说明。
Article 2	第二条
Lists of experts	专家名单
1. A list of experts shall be established and maintained in respect of each of the fields of (1) fisheries, (2) protection and preservation of the marine environment, (3) marine scientific research, and (4) navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping.	1．就（1）渔业，（2）保护和保全海洋环境，（3）海洋科学研究和（4）航行，包括来自船只和倾倒造成的污染四个方面，应分别编制和保持专家名单。
2. The lists of experts shall be drawn up and maintained, in the field of fisheries by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in the field of protection and preservation of the marine environment by the United Nations Environment Programme, in the field of marine scientific research by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, in the field of navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping, by the International Maritime Organization, or in each case by the appropriate subsidiary body concerned to which such organization, programme or commission has delegated this function.	2．专家名单在渔业方面，由联合国粮食及农业组织，在保护和保全海洋环境方面，由联合国环境规划署，在海洋科学研究方面，由政府间海洋学委员会，在航行方面，包括来自船只和倾倒造成的污染，由国际海事组织，或在每一情形下由各该组织、署或委员会授予此项职务的适当附属机构，分别予以编制并保持。
3. Every State Party shall be entitled to nominate two experts in each field whose competence in the legal, scientific or technical aspects of such field is established and generally recognized and who enjoy the highest reputation for fairness and integrity.	3．每个缔约国应有权在每一方面提名二名公认在法律、科学或技术上确有专长并享有公平和正直的最高声誉的专家。
The names of the persons so nominated in each field shall constitute the appropriate list.	在每一方面这样提名的人员的姓名构成有关名单。
4. If at any time the experts nominated by a State Party in the list so constituted shall be fewer than two, that State Party shall be entitled to make further nominations as necessary.	4．无论何时，如果一个缔约国提名的专家在这样组成的任何名单内少于两名，该缔约国有权按需要提名增补。
5. The name of an expert shall remain on the list until withdrawn by the State Party which made the nomination, provided that such expert shall continue to serve on any special arbitral tribunal to which that expert has been appointed until the completion of the proceedings before that special arbitral tribunal.	5．专家经提名缔约国撤回前应仍列在名单内，被撤回的专家应继续在被指派服务的特别仲裁法庭中工作，直到该仲裁法庭处理中的程序完毕时为止。
Article 3	第三条
Constitution of special arbitral tribunal	特别仲裁法庭的组成
For the purpose of proceedings under this Annex, the special arbitral tribunal shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, be constituted as follows:	为本附件所规定的程序的目的，除非争端各方另有协议，特别仲裁法庭应依下列规定组成：
(a) Subject to subparagraph (g) , the special arbitral tribunal shall consist of five members.	（a）在（g）项限制下，特别仲裁法庭应由仲裁员五人组成。
(b) The party instituting the proceedings shall appoint two members to be chosen preferably from the appropriate list or lists referred to in article 2 of this Annex relating to the matters in dispute, one of whom may be its national.	（b）提起程序的一方应指派仲裁员二人，最好从本附件第二条所指与争端事项有关的适当名单中选派其中一人可为其本国国民。
The appointments shall be included in the notification referred to in article 1 of this Annex.	这种指派应列入本附件第一条所指的通知。
(c) The other party to the dispute shall, within 30 days of receipt of the notification referred to in article 1 of this Annex, appoint two members to be chosen preferably from the appropriate list or lists relating to the matters in dispute, one of whom may be its national.	（c）争端他方应在收到本附件第一条所指的通知三十天内指派两名仲裁员，最好从名单中选派，其中一人可为其本国国民。
If the appointments are not made within that period, the party instituting the proceedings may, within two weeks of the expiration of that period, request that the appointments be made in accordance with subparagraph (e)	如果在该期间内未作出指派，提起程序的一方可在该期间届满后两星期内，请求按照（e）项作出指派。
(d) The parties to the dispute shall by agreement appoint the President of the special arbitral tribunal, chosen preferably from the appropriate list, who shall be a national of a third State, unless the parties otherwise agree.	（d）争端各方应以协议指派特别仲裁法庭庭长，最好从名单中选派，并应为第三国国民，除非争端各方另有协议。
If, within 30 days of receipt of the notification referred to in article l of this Annex, the parties are unable to reach agreement on the appointment of the President, the appointment shall be made in accordance with subparagraph (e) , at the request of a party to the dispute.	如果在收到本附件第一条所指通知之日起三十天内，争端各方未能就指派庭长达成协议，经争端一方请求，指派应按照（e）项作出。
Such request shall be made within two weeks of the expiration of the aforementioned 30-day period.	这种请求应于上述期间届满后两星期作出。
(e) Unless the parties agree that the appointment be made by a person or a third State chosen by the parties, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall make the necessary appointments within 30 days of receipt of a request under subparagraphs (c) and (d)	（e）除非争端各方协议由各方选派的人士或第三国作出指派，应由联合国秘书长于收到根据（c）和（d）项提出的请求后三十天内作出必要的指派。
The appointments referred to in this subparagraph shall be made from the appropriate list or lists of experts referred to in article 2 of this Annex and in consultation with the parties to the dispute and the appropriate international organization.	本项所指的指派应从本附件第二条所指名单中与争端各方和有关国际组织协商作出。
The members so appointed shall be of different nationalities and may not be in the service of, ordinarily resident in the territory of, or nationals of, any of the parties to the dispute.	这样指派的仲裁员应属不同国籍，且不得为争端任何一方的工作人员，或为其领土内的通常居民或其国民。
(f) Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the initial appointment.	（f）任何出缺应按照原来的指派方法补缺。
(g) Parties in the same interest shall appoint two members of the tribunal jointly by agreement.	（g）利害关系相同的争端各方，应通过协议共同指派二名仲裁员。
Where there are several parties having separate interests or where there is disagreement as to whether they are of the same interest, each of them shall appoint one member of the tribunal.	如果争端若干方利害关系不同，或对彼此是否利害关系相同意见不一致，则争端每一方应指派一名仲裁员。
(h) In disputes involving more than two parties, the provisions of subparagraphs (a) to (f) shall apply to the maximum extent possible.	（h）对于涉及两个以上争端各方的争端，应在最大可能范围内适用（a）至（f）项的规定。
Article 4	第四条
General provisions	一般规定
Annex VII, articles 4 to 13, apply mutatis mutandis to the special arbitration proceedings in accordance with this Annex.	附件七第四至第十三条比照适用于按照本附件的特别仲裁程序。
Article 5	第五条
Fact finding	事实认定
1. The parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Convention relating to (l) fisheries, (2) protection and preservation of the marine environment, (3) marine scientific research, or (4) navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping, may at any time agree to request a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with article 3 of this Annex to carry out an inquiry and establish the facts giving rise to the dispute.	1．有关本公约中关于（1）渔业，（2）保护和保全海洋环境，（3）海洋科学研究或（4）航行，包括来自船只和倾倒造成的污染的各项规定在解释或适用上的争端各方，可随时协议请求按照本附件第三条组成的特别仲裁法庭进行调查，以确定引起这一争端的事实。
2. Unless the parties otherwise agree, the findings of fact of the special arbitral tribunal acting in accordance with paragraph 1, shall be considered as conclusive as between the parties.	2．除非争端各方另有协议，按照第1款行事的特别仲裁法庭对事实的认定，在争端各方之间，应视为有确定性。
3. If all the parties to the dispute so request, the special arbitral tribunal may formulate recommendations which, without having the force of a decision, shall only constitute the basis for a review by the parties of the questions giving rise to the dispute.	3．如经争端所有各方请求，特别仲裁法庭可拟具建议，这种建议并无裁决的效力，而只应构成有关各方对引起争端的问题进行审查的基础。
4. Subject to paragraph 2, the special arbitral tribunal shall act in accordance with the provisions of this Annex, unless the parties otherwise agree.	4．在第2款限制下，除非争端各方另有协议，特别仲裁法庭应按照本附件规定行事。
ANNEX IX.	附件九
PARTICIPATION BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS	国际组织的参加
Article 1	第一条
Use of terms	用语
For the purposes of article 305 and of this Annex, "international organization" means an intergovernmental organization constituted by States to which its member States have transferred competence over matters governed by this Convention, including the competence to enter into treaties in respect of those matters.	为第三〇五条和本附件的目的，“国际组织”是指由国家组成的政府间组织，其成员国已将本公约所规定事项的权限，包括就该等事项缔结条约的权限转移给各该组织者。
Article 2	第二条
Signature	签字
An international organization may sign this Convention if a majority of its member States are signatories of this Convention.	一个国际组织如果其过半数成员国为本公约签署国，即可签署本公约。
At the time of signature an international organization shall make a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to that organization by its member States which are signatories, and the nature and extent of that competence.	一个国际组织在签署时应作出声明，指明为本公约签署国的各成员国已将本公约所规定的何种事项的权限转移给该组织，以及该项权限的性质和范围。
Article 3	第三条
Formal confirmation and accession	正式确认和加入
1. An international organization may deposit its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession if a majority of its member States deposit or have deposited their instruments of ratification or accession.	1．一个国际组织如果其过半数成员国交存或已交存其批准书或加入书，即可交存其正式确认书或加入书。
2. The instruments deposited by the international organization shall contain the undertakings and declarations required by articles 4 and 5 of this Annex.	2．该国际组织交存的这种文书应载有本附件第四和第五条所规定的承诺和声明。
Article 4	第四条
Extent of participation and rights and obligations	参加的限度和权利与义务
l. The instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organization shall contain an undertaking to accept the rights and obligations of States under this Convention in respect of matters relating to which competence has been transferred to it by its member States which are Parties to this Convention.	1．一个国际组织所交存的正式确认书或加入书应载有接受本公约就该组织中为本公约缔约国的各成员国向其转移权限的事项所规定的各国权利和义务的承诺。
2. An international organization shall be a Party to this Convention to the extent that it has competence in accordance with the declarations, communications of information or notifications referred to in article 5 of this Annex.	2．一个国际组织应按照本附件第五条所指的声明、情报通报或通知所具有的权限范围，成为本公约缔约一方。
3. Such an international organization shall exercise the rights and perform the obligations which its member States which are Parties would otherwise have under this Convention, on matters relating to which competence has been transferred to it by those member States.	3．这一国际组织应就其为本公约缔约国的成员国向其转移权限的事项，行使和履行按照本公约其为缔约国的成员国原有的权利和义务。
The member States of that international organization shall not exercise competence which they have transferred to it.	该国际组织的成员国不应行使其已转移给该组织的权限。
4. Participation of such an international organization shall in no case entail an increase of the representation to which its member States which are States Parties would otherwise be entitled, including rights in decision-making.	4．这一国际组织的参加在任何情形下均不应导致其为缔约国的成员国原应享有的代表权的增加，包括作出决定的权利在内。
5. Participation of such an international organization shall in no case confer any rights under this Convention on member States of the organization which are not States Parties to this Convention.	5．这一国际组织的参加在任何情形下均不得将本公约所规定的任何权利给予非本公约缔约国的该组织成员国。
6. In the event of a conflict between the obligations of an international organization under this Convention and its obligations under the agreement establishing the organization or any acts relating to it, the obligations under this Convention shall prevail.	6．遇有某一国际组织根据本公约的义务同根据成立该组织的协定或与其有关的任何文件的义务发生冲突时，本公约所规定的义务应居优先。
Article 5	第五条
Declarations, notifications and communications	声明、通知和通报
l. The instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organization shall contain a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to the organization by its member States which are Parties to this Convention.	1．一个国际组织的正式确认书或加入书应包括一项声明，指明关于本公约所规定的何种事项的权限已由其为本公约缔约国的成员国转移给该组织。
2. A member State of an international organization shall, at the time it ratifies or accedes to this Convention or at the time when the organization deposits its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession, whichever is later, make a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which it has transferred competence to the organization.	2．一个国际组织的成员国，在其批准或加入本公约或在该组织交存其正式确认书或加入书时（以后发生的为准），应作出声明，指明关于本公约所规定的何种事项的权限已转移给该组织。
3. States Parties which are member States of an international organization which is a Party to this Convention shall be presumed to have competence over all matters governed by this Convention in respect of which transfers of competence to the organization have not been specifically declared, notified or communicated by those States under this article.	3．缔约国如属为本公约缔约一方的一个国际组织的成员国，对于本公约所规定的尚未经有关国家根据本条特别以声明、通知或通报表示已向该组织转移权限的一切事项，应假定其仍具有权限。
4. The international organization and its member States which are States Parties shall promptly notify the depositary of this Convention of any changes to the distribution of competence, including new transfers of competence, specified in the declarations under paragraphs 1 and 2.	4．国际组织及其为本公约缔约国的成员国应将第1和第2款规定的声明所指权限分配的任何变更，包括权限的新转移，迅速通知公约保管者。
5. Any State Party may request an international organization and its member States which are States Parties to provide information as to which, as between the organization and its member States, has competence in respect of any specific question which has arisen.	5．任何缔约国可要求某一国际组织及其为缔约国的成员国提供情报，说明在该组织与其成员国间何者对已发生的任何特定问题具有权限。
The organization and the member States concerned shall provide this information within a reasonable time.	该组织及其有关成员国应于合理期间内提供这种情报。
The international organization and the member States may also, on their own initiative, provide this information.	国际组织及其成员国也可主动提供这种情报。
6. Declarations, notifications and communications of information under this article shall specify the nature and extent of the competence transferred.	6．本条所规定的声明、通知和情报通报应指明所转移权限的性质和范围。
Article 6	第六条
Responsibility and liability	责任
l. Parties which have competence under article 5 of this Annex shall have responsibility for failure to comply with obligations or for any other violation of this Convention.	1．根据本附件第五条具有权限的缔约各方对不履行义务或任何其他违反本公约的行为，应负责任。
2. Any State Party may request an international organization or its member States which are States Parties for information as to who has responsibility in respect of any specific matter.	2．任何缔约国可要求某一国际组织或其为缔约国的成员国提供情报，说明何者对特定事项负有责任。
The organization and the member States concerned shall provide this information.	该组织及有关成员国应提供这种情报。
Failure to provide this information within a reasonable time or the provision of contradictory information shall result in joint and several liability.	未在合理期限内提供这种情报或提供互相矛盾的情报者，应负连带责任。
Article 7	第七条
Settlement of disputes	争端的解决
l. At the time of deposit of its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession, or at any time thereafter, an international organization shall be free to choose, by means of a written declaration, one or more of the means for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, referred to in article 287, paragraph 1(a) , (c) or (d)	1．一个国际组织在交存其正式确认书或加入书时，或在其后任何时间，应有自由用书面声明的方式选择第二八七条第1款（a）、（c）或（d）项所指的一个或一个以上方法，以解决有关本公约的解释或适用的争端。
2. Part XV applies mutatis mutandis to any dispute between Parties to this Convention, one or more of which are international organizations.	2．第十五部分比照适用于争端一方或多方是国际组织的本公约缔约各方间的任何争端。
3. When an international organization and one or more of its member States are joint parties to a dispute, or parties in the same interest, the organization shall be deemed to have accepted the same procedures for the settlement of disputes as the member States; when, however, a member State has chosen only the International Court of Justice under article 287, the organization and the member State concerned shall be deemed to have accepted arbitration in accordance with Annex VII, unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree.	3．如果一个国际组织和其一个或一个以上成员国为争端同一方，或为利害关系相同的各方，该组织应视为与成员国一样接受关于解决争端的同样程序；但成员国如根据第二八七条仅选择国际法院，该组织和有关成员国应视为已按照附件七接受仲裁，除非争端各方另有协议。
Article 8	第八条
Applicability of Part XVII	第十七部分的适用性
Part XVII applies mutatis mutandis to an international organization, except in respect of the following:	第十七部分比照适用于一个国际组织，但对下列事项除外：
(a) the instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organization shall not be taken into account in the application of article 308, paragraph l;	（a）在适用第三〇八条第1款时，国际组织的正式确认书或加入书应不计算在内；
(b) (i) an international organization shall have exclusive capacity with respect to the application of articles 312 to 315, to the extent that it has competence under article 5 of this Annex over the entire subject-matter of the amendment;	（b）（1）一个国际组织，只要根据本附件第五条对修正案整个主题事项具有权限，应对第三一二至第三一五条的适用具有专属行为能力；
(ii) the instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organization to an amendment, the entire subject-matter over which the international organization has competence under article 5 of this Annex, shall be considered to be the instrument of ratification or accession of each of the member States which are States Parties, for the purposes of applying article 316, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3;	（2）国际组织对一项修正案的正式确认书或加入书，在该国际组织根据本附件第五条对修正案整个主题事项具有权限的情况下，为了适用第三一六条第1、第2和第3款的目的，应将其视为作为缔约国的每一成员国的批准书或加入书；
(iii) the instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of the international organization shall not be taken into account in the application of article 316, paragraphs 1 and 2, with regard to all other amendments;	（3）对于其他一切修正案，该国际组织的正式确认书或加入书适用第三一六条第1和第2款不应予以考虑；
(c) (i) an international organization may not denounce this Convention in accordance with article 317 if any of its member States is a State Party and if it continues to fulfil the qualifications specified in article 1 of this Annex;	（c）（1）一个国际组织如有任一成员国为缔约国，同时该国际组织继续具备本附件第一条所指的资格时，不得按照第三一七条退出本公约；
(ii) an international organization shall denounce this Convention when none of its member States is a State Party or if the international organization no longer fulfils the qualifications specified in article 1 of this Annex.	（2）一个国际组织当其成员国无一为缔约国，或当该国际组织不再具备本附件第一条所指的资格时，应退出本公约。
Such denunciation shall take effect immediately.	这种退出应立即生效。