TD/500/Add.1 2012051012_000000000780135_O.DOC (English)	TD/500/Add.1 2012051014_000000000785404_J.DOC (Chinese)
TD/500/Add.1	TD/500/Add.1
TD/500/Add.1	TD/500/Add.1
GE.12-51015	GE.12-51014
United Nations	GE.12-51014 (C)
TD/500/Add.1	190612 250612 GE.12-51014
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development	联 合 国 TD/500/Add.1 联合国 贸易和发展会议
Distr.: General	Distr.: General
4 June 2012	4 June 2012
Original: English	Chinese Original: English
Thirteenth session	第十三届大会
Qatar, Doha	卡塔尔，多哈
21–26 April 2012	2012年4月21日至26日
Report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development on its thirteenth session	联合国贸易和发展会议第十三届大会报告
Held in Qatar, Doha, from 21 to 26 April 2012	2012年4月21日至26日在多哈卡塔尔举行
Addendum	增编
The Doha Mandate	多哈授权
I.	一.
Theme – Development-centred globalization: Towards inclusive and sustainable growth and development	主题――以发展为核心的全球化：实现包容性和可持续增长与发展
A.	A.
Policy analysis	政策分析
1.	1.
In the period since UNCTAD XII in Accra in 2008, there have been changes in the global economy, while persistent challenges remain.	在2008年于阿克拉举行的贸发十二大结束以来的时期内，全球经济发生了一些变化，同时，一些难以消除的挑战依然存在。
Policymakers are therefore looking for more effective ways to build more inclusive and sustainable development outcomes, and to set the course for development-centred globalization.	所以，决策者正在寻求有效途径，以便取得更具包容性、更可持续的发展结果，并且为以发展为核心的全球化制定方针。
2.	2.
The financial crisis that struck shortly after UNCTAD XII ushered in the first contraction in the global economy since the 1930s.	贸发十二大之后不久爆发的金融危机致使全球经济自1930年代以来首次出现收缩。
Its effects spread very rapidly and widely.	这场危机的影响波及速度快，波及面广。
The world’s poorest countries were not spared.	世界上最贫困的国家都未能幸免。
Despite the policy efforts of leading economies, both developed and developing, the global economic recovery remains fragile.	尽管包括发达国家和发展中国家在内的主要经济体作出了政策努力，但全球经济复苏目前仍然十分脆弱。
3.	3.
In the face of this fragility, several challenges have to be met to realize development-centred globalization.	面对这种脆弱性，在实现以发展为核心的全球化方面必须应对若干挑战。
In this regard, finance should support the real economy in support of sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development.	在这方面，金融应该支持实体经济，以支持可持续、包容性和平等的经济增长和可持续发展。
All countries, developed and developing alike, can pay serious political, economic and social costs from financial shocks.	所有国家，包括发达国家和发展中国家，在金融震荡中都可能在政治和社会经济方面付出惨重的代价。
4.	4.
Another challenge is eliminating hunger and achieving food security.	另一项挑战在于消除饥饿和实现粮食安全。
Securing adequate access to food – one of the most basic human needs – is a priority.	确保充分获取粮食――人类最基本的需求之一――是一个优先事项。
The high volatility of food prices since UNCTAD XII has been a source of concern which in some cases, inter alia, has contributed to serious social and political consequences in some countries, particularly in net food-importing developing countries.	自贸发十二大以来，粮食价格的大幅度波动引起了人们的担忧，此种担忧在某些情况下致使一些国家特别是净粮食进口发展中国家出现了严重的社会和政治后果。
5.	5.
A further challenge has arisen around energy price volatility and access to energy, including renewable energy.	还有一项挑战是伴随能源价格波动和获取能源包括可再生能源而出现的。
The bulk of energy infrastructure has yet to be built in many developing countries, leaving energy services undersupplied and expensive.	许多发展中国家的能源基础设施还没有得到建立，这就使能源服务供应不足且费用昂贵。
Meeting this need is essential for building inclusive development.	满足这种需要对于逐步落实包容性发展至关重要。
6.	6.
An additional challenge is climate change and its adverse impact on inclusive and sustainable growth and development for developing countries, especially least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS).	另一项挑战是气候变化，以及气候变化对发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家的包容性和可持续增长与发展的负面影响。
The frequency and number of natural disasters and other adverse effects on the environment are adding to their concerns about growing environmental challenges.	自然灾害频发，以及气候变化对环境造成的其他负面影响使这些国家对日益严峻的环境挑战更加关切。
Responding to their varying needs and capacities in adapting to these challenges will be critical.	满足这些国家的不同需要，加强其应对这些挑战的能力将至关重要。
7.	7.
Development-centred globalization sets the stage for inclusive growth and development, and contributes towards reducing poverty and creating jobs.	以发展为核心的全球化可为包容性增长与发展创造条件，并有助于减轻贫困和创造就业机会。
Discussions on globalization should be balanced, highlighting its benefits, acknowledging its risks and addressing its challenges.	关于全球化问题的讨论应当以均衡方式进行，既要突出全球化带来的益处，又要承认全球化存在的风险，处理全球化带来的挑战。
8.	8.
Due account should be given to cross-cutting issues such as good governance at all levels, freedom, peace and security, respect for human rights, including the right to development, gender equality and women’s empowerment, youth, and an overall commitment to just and democratic societies, which are essential to all countries to attain sustainable and equitable growth and development.	应适当考虑跨领域问题，例如各级实现善治、自由、和平与安全、尊重人权，包括发展权、性别平等与对妇女的扶持、青年人问题，以及全面致力于创建公正和民主的社会，这些是所有国家为实现可持续及公平增长与发展都必须切实加以落实的。
9.	9.
Development strategies should be inclusive and designed to meet human needs.	发展战略应当具有包容性并旨在满足人的需要。
The role of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed development goals is still instrumental in achieving such needs by 2015.	《千年发展目标》和国际商定的其它发展目标在到2015年满足此种需要方面发挥的作用仍然十分重要。
People have similar needs and aspirations, including freedom, human rights including the right to development, decent work, secure homes, all aspects of affordable health care, education, a safe environment, a better future for their children and good governance at all levels.	人们有着相似的需要和愿望，包括自由、人权，包括发展权、体面的职业、适宜居住的住宅、充分享有负担得起的卫生保健、教育、安全的环境，子女拥有更加美好的未来，以及各级的善治。
Since these ends are closely interconnected, development strategies should be based on an integrated and holistic approach if the desired policy options are to emerge.	这些目标相互之间密切关联，因此，发展战略应当基于综合、整体的方针，只有这样，才能取得理想的政策办法结果。
10.	10.
Achieving sustainable growth and development calls for environmentally compatible patterns of production and consumption that safeguard the biosphere and the capability of its ecosystems to support human activity.	实现可持续增长与发展需要无害环境的生产和消费模式，这种模式可为生物圈和支持人类活动的生态系统能力提供保障。
11.	11.
Development strategies can be furthered by partnerships and cooperation among all stakeholders.	发展战略可通过所有利害关系方之间的伙伴关系与合作得到推进。
12.	12.
Each country has the primary responsibility for its own economic and social development, and national development efforts need to be supported by an enabling international economic environment.	各国对于自身经济和社会发展承担着主要责任，国家发展努力需要辅之以扶持性国际经济环境。
The State, having an important role to play, working with private, non-profit and other stakeholders, can help forge a coherent development strategy and provide an enabling environment for productive economic activity.	国家发挥着重要作用，它通过与私人关系方、非盈利利害关系方和其它利害关系方合作，能够有助于制定一项连贯一致的发展战略，并为生产性经济活动创造一个扶持性环境。
13.	13.
Sustained and inclusive growth and development are enabled, among others, by the mobilization and effective utilization of all sources of financing for development, as reaffirmed in the Doha Accord and the Monterrey Consensus.	正如《多哈协议》和《蒙特雷共识》所重申的那样，持续和包容性增长与发展主要通过调动和切实利用各种发展资金来源加以推动。
To this end, an enabling economic environment at all levels is essential, as inclusive economic development contributes to global peace, security, stability and prosperity.	为此，在各级创造一个扶持性经济环境至关重要，因为包容性经济发展能够有助于全球和平、安全、稳定与繁荣。
14.	14.
Industrialization is a priority for developing countries and some countries with economies in transition, because it promotes positive structural transformation and promotes mutually supportive linkages between investment, productivity and employment.	工业化是发展中国家和一些经济转型期国家的一个优先事项，因为它可促进积极的结构转型，并且促进投资、生产力和就业之间相互支持的联系。
A diversified economy largely depends on an industrial development that identifies comparative advantages in a wide range of productive sectors in order to promote sustainable economic growth and development.	经济多样化在很大程度上有赖于工业发展，后者找出多个生产部门的比较优势，以便促进可持续经济增长和发展。
15.	15.
Robust economic growth can make the adjustments associated with structural transformation easier to manage.	强劲的经济增长可使与结构转型相关的调整变得更加容易驾驭。
Inclusive and sustainable growth and development also require social protection to protect vulnerable populations and address inequality, including between men and women, and across national regions.	包容性和可持续增长与发展还要求提供社会保障，以保护弱势民众，并处理不平等现象，包括男女之间和国内地区之间的不平等现象。
This can contribute to a smoother and more predictable development process.It also contributes to protection against shocks and crises that can accompany rapid growth and transformation towards a more open and integrated economy.	这可有助于更为平稳、更可预测的发展进程，还能有助于抵御快速增长和创建更为开放和一体化经济体的过程中可能出现的冲击和危机。
The balance between growth, fairness and social protection can only be determined in light of prevailing local conditions and constraints.	如何兼顾增长、公平和社会保护，只能根据本地条件和制约因素加以确定。
16.	16.
Effective multilateral cooperation depends on the support of, and enhanced synergy among, a range of international institutions that have evolved over the past six decades.	有效的多边合作有赖于过去60多年中逐步发展起来的一系列国际机构的支持和它们之间协同作用联系的加强。
Globalization calls for broadened and strengthened participation of developing countries and countries with economies in transition in international economic decision-making and norm-setting.	全球化要求扩大和加强发展中国家和经济转型期国家对国际经济决策和规范制定的参与。
B.	B.
The role of UNCTAD	贸发会议的作用
17.	17.
The Accra Accord pursued a constructive trade and development agenda, and was anchored by the three pillars of UNCTAD: policy analysis, consensus-building and technical cooperation.	《阿克拉协议》谋求一个积极的贸易和发展议程，并且以贸发会议三大支柱即政策分析、建立共识和技术合作为基础。
The outcomes of UNCTAD XIII reaffirm and build upon the Accra Accord, which remains valid and relevant.	贸发十三大的结果将重申《阿克拉协议》并以该协议为基础，因为它依然有效而且十分重要。
18.	18.
UNCTAD remains the focal point in the United Nations for the integrated treatment of trade and development, and interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development.	贸发会议仍然是综合处理贸易和发展问题以及金融、技术、投资和可持续发展领域相互关联问题的协调中心。
UNCTAD should continue to work within its mandate – through its three pillars, delivering meaningful results, utilizing available resources, while enhancing synergies and promoting complementarities with the work of other international organizations.	贸发会议应当继续在其任务范围内通过三大支柱开展工作，拿出重要成果，利用现有资源，同时加强与其它国际组织工作的协同作用联系，并且促进与这些组织工作的互补。
In this regard, UNCTAD should:	在这方面，贸发会议应当：
(a)	(a)
Continue to play its role in the evolution of a stronger global consensus on issues falling within its mandate, as UNCTAD’s mandate and its universal membership make it a valuable forum for development dialogue;	继续在就属于其任务范围内的问题逐步达成更加有力的全球共识方面发挥作用； 因为贸发会议的任务和成员的普遍性使其成为一个开展发展对话的重要论坛；
(b)	(b)
In line with paragraph 17 of the Accra Declaration, contribute to discussions within the United Nations system on green economy and other models in the context of sustainable development and resilience to climate change;	根据《阿克拉宣言》第17段，推动联合国系统内部在可持续发展和抗御气候变化的背景下就绿色经济及其他模式开展的讨论；
(c)	(c)
Continue, as a contribution to the work of the United Nations, research and analysis on the prospects of, and impact on, developing countries in matters of trade and development, in light of the global economic and financial crisis;	作为对联合国工作的贡献，继续研究和分析在全球经济和金融危机背景下，发展中国家在贸易和发展问题上的前景和受到的影响；
(d)	(d)
Continue to monitor and assess the evolution of the international trading system and its trends from a development perspective;	继续从发展角度监测和评估国际贸易体系的演变及其趋势；
(e)	(e)
Enhance the effectiveness of its contributions to the Enhanced Integrated Framework, including working with others to mainstream trade in LDCs’ national development plans – and contribute to the effective implementation of Aid for Trade through UNCTAD’s lead role in the United Nations Inter-Agency Cluster on Trade and Productive Capacity;	加强贸发会议对《强化综合框架》的贡献的有效性，包括与其它方面一道，使贸易成为最不发达国家的国家发展计划的主要内容――发挥贸发会议在联合国“贸易和生产能力”机构间小组中的主导作用，推动切实执行“贸易援助”倡议；
(f)	(f)
Place specific attention on the special needs of developing countries, particularly LDCs;	特别关注发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家的特殊需要；
(g)	(g)
Strengthen its special focus on the needs of the LDCs across all areas of its mandate in accordance with the Istanbul Programme of Action;	根据《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》，在任务所涉各个领域加强重点满足最不发达国家的需要的工作；
(h)	(h)
Continue to address the special concerns and needs of Africa, including as articulated in the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;	继续处理非洲的特别关切和需要，包括为此遵循《非洲发展新伙伴关系》的规定；
(i)	(i)
Further address the special trade, investment and development needs of landlocked developing countries (LLDCs), including through continuing its support for effective implementation of the Almaty Ministerial Declaration and the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries Within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries, and its review in 2014, taking into account the challenges of the transit developing countries in this programme of action;	进一步处理内陆发展中国家在贸易、投资和发展方面的特殊需求，包括继续支持有效执行《阿拉木图部长宣言》和《阿拉木图行动方案：在内陆发展中国家和过境发展中国家过境运输合作新的全球框架内处理内陆发展中国家的特殊需要》，以及在2014年对该方案的审查，同时考虑过境发展中国家在该行动方案中面临的挑战；
(j)	(j)
Continue its work in helping SIDS to address persistent trade, investment and development challenges that they encounter, including by contributing to ongoing United Nations-level discussions on the further implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action and the Mauritius Strategy for the sustainable development of SIDS;	继续开展工作，帮助小岛屿发展中国家处理它们遇到的难以消除的贸易、投资和发展挑战，包括为联合国一级仍在进行的进一步执行关于小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展的《巴巴多斯行动纲领》和《毛里求斯战略》问题的讨论作出贡献；
(k)	(k)
Continue to give focus on the special needs and problems of structurally weak and vulnerable small economies in order to foster sustained economic growth and sustainable and inclusive development;	继续侧重结构薄弱、易受冲击的小经济体的特殊需要和问题，以便推动持续经济增长及可持续和包容性发展；
(l)	(l)
Continue to support the development effort of middle-income countries, according to their needs, in facing specific challenges of sustainable economic development and poverty reduction;	继续根据中等收入国家在应对可持续经济发展和减贫的具体挑战方面的需要，支持它们的发展努力；
(m)	(m)
Continue to support countries with economies in transition in addressing their specific trade and development challenges;	继续支持经济转型期国家处理其具体的贸易和发展挑战；
and (n)	(n)
Implement and follow up, as appropriate, relevant outcomes from global conferences and summits on development.	酌情贯彻落实关于发展问题的全球会议和首脑会议的相关结果。
19.	19.
In strengthening UNCTAD, efforts should be made to enhance its efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability, including through effective results-based management and ensuring a member State–driven process through the intergovernmental machinery.	在加强贸发会议方面，应当努力提高贸发会议的效率、有效性、透明度，加强其问责制度，包括实行以有效成果为基础的管理，并确保有一个通过政府间机制展开的由成员国趋动的进程。
II.	二.
Sub-theme 1 – Enhancing the enabling economic environment at all levels in support of inclusive and sustainable development	分主题1――加强各级扶持性经济环境，支持包容性和可持续发展
A.	A.
Policy analysis	政策分析
20.	20.
In the light of recent developments, efforts to strengthen and improve the functioning of the global economy continue to be important.	鉴于近期的动态，仍然有必要加强和改善全球经济的运行。
This can help to better prevent financial and economic shocks, effectively promote development, and serve the needs of member States, particularly of developing countries.	这有助于更好地预防金融和经济冲击，切实推动发展，满足成员国特别是发展中国家的需要。
21.	21.
A number of developing countries have, over the past three decades, increased their integration into the global economy, and collectively in these countries, growth has been on an upward trend.	一些发展中国家在过去30年间进一步融入了全球经济，这些国家的共同特征是增长呈上升趋势。
Those efforts have, in many cases, been accompanied by rising trade, investment and capital flows.	这些努力在许多情况下伴随着贸易、投资和资本流动的增加。
22.	22.
While sustained economic growth is important, it is also necessary to broaden the basis of growth so that more people can benefit from and contribute to growth.	尽管持续经济增长非常重要，但同时还有必要扩大增长的基础，以使更多的人能够从增长中获益并为增长作出贡献。
An enabling environment at all levels is a necessity for this.	有必要为此在各级创造扶持性环境。
The MDGs and other internationally agreed development goals are a basis for promoting inclusive and sustainable development.	《千年发展目标》和国际商定的其它发展目标是促进包容性和可持续发展的依据。
23.	23.
For trade to serve as an engine of inclusive growth and development, the multilateral trading system must remain open, transparent, inclusive, non-discriminatory and rules-based.	为使贸易推动包容性增长和发展，多边贸易体系必须保持开放、透明、包容、不歧视和基于规则的特点。
The effective integration of developing countries, in particular LDCs and countries with economies in transition, into the multilateral trading system should remain a priority.	发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家和经济转型期国家切实融入多边贸易体系，应当仍然是一个优先事项。
24.	24.
The successful conclusion of the Doha Development Agenda negotiations is crucial to create new trade flows that generate economic growth and development, and should deliver, inter alia, development-related outcomes, in accordance with its mandates.	成功完成多哈发展议程谈判对创造促进经济增长和发展的新的贸易流动至关重要，根据其任务，谈判除其他外，应取得与发展相关的成果。
Moreover, in a time of fragile economic recovery, trade protectionism remains a risk, and efforts should continue to be made to fight all forms of protectionism.	此外，在经济复苏脆弱时期，贸易保护主义依然是一个风险，应继续努力制止一切形式的保护主义。
25.	25.
States are strongly urged to refrain from promulgating and applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly in developing countries, and that affect commercial interests.	强烈敦促各国不要颁布和实行任何不符合国际法和《联合国宪章》的单方面经济、金融或贸易措施，此种措施会阻碍经济和社会发展的全面实现，特别是发展中国家经济和社会发展的全面实现，影响商业利益。
These actions hinder market access, investments and freedom of transit and the well-being of the populations of affected countries.	这类行动会妨碍市场准入、投资和自由过境，以及受影响国家民众的福利。
Meaningful trade liberalization will also require addressing non-tariff measures including, inter alia, unilateral measures, where they may act as unnecessary trade barriers.	有意义的贸易自由化还要求处理除其他外包括单方面措施的非关税措施，因为此种措施可能构成不必要的贸易壁垒。
26.	26.
Non-tariff measures and non-tariff barriers are gaining attention in international trade.	非关税措施和非关税壁垒在国际贸易中正在引起越来越多的关注。
International efforts should be made to address non-tariff measures, and aim to reduce and to eliminate arbitrary or unjustified non-tariff barriers.	应当作出国际努力处理非关税措施，此种努力应当旨在减少并消除任意或不合理的非关税壁垒。
27.	27.
The commodities price boom since 2002 has revived the potential role of commodity revenues in contributing to economic growth and poverty reduction.	2002年以来的初级商品价格急剧上涨，重新激发了初级商品收入在促进经济增长和减贫方面的潜在作用。
Furthermore, the volatility of commodity prices remains a challenge to commodity-importing and -exporting developing countries, many of which are LDCs.	此外，初级商品价格的波动依然是初级商品进出口发展中国家的挑战，其中有许多是最不发达国家。
It is important for policymakers to identify and implement appropriate policies, at national, regional and international levels, to address the impacts of volatility of commodity prices on vulnerable groups.	决策者有必要在国家、区域和国际层面上确定并落实适当的政策，以便处理初级商品价格的波动对弱势群体的影响。
It is important to support commodity-dependent developing countries in formulating sustainable and inclusive development strategies, including those that promote value addition and economic diversification.	有必要支持依赖初级商品的发展中国家制定可持续的包容性发展战略，包括能促进增值和经济多样化的战略。
28.	28.
Effective macroeconomic and debt management policies play an important role in fostering debt sustainability and economic development, and debt crisis prevention.	有效的宏观经济和债务管理政策在促进债务可持续性和经济发展以及预防债务危机方面发挥着重要作用。
Many countries have managed to sharply reduce their overall debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio, in some cases assisted by the Debt Management and Financial Analysis System (DMFAS) Programme, and relevant initiatives such as the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative.	许多国家已经设法大幅降低其总负债与国内生产总值比率，有些国家得到了债务管理与金融分析系统方案以及“重债穷国”倡议和“多边债务减免”倡议等相关举措的协助。
Progress is needed on restructuring public debt.	现在需要在调整公债结构方面取得进展。
29.	29.
The global economic crisis has highlighted the importance of prudent fiscal policies.	全球经济危机突显了审慎的财政政策的重要性。
Some developing countries had the fiscal space to respond to the global recession with countercyclical policies.	一些发展中国家拥有财政空间，能够借助反周期政策应对全球衰退。
In this context, the importance of fiscal buffers should not be underestimated, as fiscal stimulus is one of the tools for stabilizing macroeconomic conditions.	在这方面，财政缓冲的重要性不应当低估，因为财政刺激是稳定宏观经济状况的手段之一。
However, many developing countries still have little fiscal space, and a number of African and least developed countries are at a high risk of debt distress.	然而，许多发展中国家的财政空间仍然极为有限，最不发达国家面临的陷入债务困境的风险很高。
30.	30.
Adequate regulation and supervision of financial markets, debt management, and promotion of responsible sovereign lending and borrowing can play important roles with regard to promoting financial stability as well as with respect to crisis prevention and resolution mechanisms.	对金融市场的恰当的监管和管理，债务管理，以及促进负责任的主权放款和借款，能够对于促进金融稳定以及危机预防和解决机制起到重要作用。
B.	B.
The role of UNCTAD	贸发会议的作用
31.	31.
In accordance with paragraph 18, UNCTAD should:	根据第18段，贸发会议应当：
(a)	(a)
Continue to provide analytical and technical support in the evolving concept of social protection floors within its mandate for developing countries, particularly those that are emerging from political crisis and conflicts, especially in Africa and LDCs;	继续在其任务范围内就不断演变的社会保障底线概念，为发展中国家特别是正在走出政治危机和冲突的发展中国家，尤其是非洲的这类国家，以及为最不发达国家提供分析和技术支持；
(b)	(b)
Assist regional cooperation organizations to better address economic challenges and opportunities, including with regard to globalization;	协助区域合作组织更好地应对经济危机和把握经济机遇，包括在全球化方面；
(c)	(c)
Continue analytical work on how issues of debt and its impact on mobilization of resources can be addressed more effectively, and providing technical assistance and support for developing countries in building national capacities through the DMFAS Programme, in cooperation, where appropriate, with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and other stakeholders;	继续就如何更加有效地应对债务问题及其对调集资源的影响开展分析工作，酌情与国际货币基金组织、世界银行及其他利害关系方合作，通过债务管理与金融分析系统(DMFAS)方案，在国家能力建设方面为发展中国家提供技术援助和支持；
(d)	(d)
Determine how to achieve the effective integration of developing countries, in particular LDCs, as well as countries with economies in transition, into the multilateral trading system;	决定如何让发展中国家，特别是最不发达的国家和经济转型期国家有效地融入多边贸易体系；
(e)	(e)
Devise approaches to stimulating economic diversification and promoting value added production, including through investment, with a view to providing equal economic opportunity for all, particularly aiming at women and youths;	制定方针，刺激经济多样化并促进高附加值生产，包括通过投资，以便为每个人尤其是妇女和青年人提供平等的经济机会；
(f)	(f)
Address the trade and development impact of non-tariff barriers;	处理非关税壁垒对贸易和发展的影响；
(g)	(g)
In collaboration with the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Trade Centre and other relevant partners, consolidate its work on databases on non-tariff measures and continue its analysis on the impact of non-tariff measures on trade and development prospects of developing countries, in particular LDCs, and continue its participation in the Transparency in Trade Initiative;	与世界贸易组织(世贸组织)、国际贸易中心和其它相关伙伴合作，加强非关税措施数据库方面的工作，继续分析非关税措施对发展中国家特别是最不发达国家的贸易和发展前景的影响，并继续参与“贸易透明度”倡议；
(h)	(h)
Continue technical assistance to developing countries, in particular LDCs, in the area of international trade in goods and services;	继续向发展中国家特别是向最不发达国家提供货物和服务国际贸易方面的技术援助；
(i)	(i)
Continue to support commodity-dependent developing countries, particularly in Africa and LDCs, through policy reviews, dialogues and technical assistance in maximizing development benefits from commodity production and trade, including promotion of diversification and integration of natural resources policies into their national development strategies;	继续向依赖初级商品的发展中国家，特别是非洲发展中国家以及最不发达国家提供支持，具体做法是开展政策审评、对话和技术援助，最大限度地实现初级商品生产和贸易的发展收益，包括促进多样化和将自然资源政策纳入这些国家发展战略；
(j)	(j)
Continue to assist developing countries to improve their statistical capacity in the area of trade and development;	继续协助发展中国家增强其在贸易和发展领域的统计能力；
(k)	(k)
Intensify its interaction with academic and research institutions, especially through the Virtual Institute and the Global Network of Development Think Tanks, to strengthen the development of local teaching and research capacities in member States and foster links between researchers and policymakers;	加强与学术和研究机构之间的互动，尤其是通过虚拟研究所和发展问题智囊团全球网，强化成员国的本国教学能力和研究能力，并促成研究者和决策者之间的联系；
(l)	(l)
Continue technical assistance, research and analysis, and dialogue on trade facilitation, transport and related issues;	继续就贸易便利化、运输和有关的问题开展技术援助、研究分析和对话；
(m)	(m)
Continue to assess the economic development prospects of the occupied Palestinian territory and examine obstacles to trade and development, and should strengthen its programme of assistance to the Palestinian people with adequate resources and effective operational activities, as part of the international community’s commitment to building an independent Palestinian State, and with a view to alleviating the adverse economic and social conditions imposed on the Palestinian people, in line with the Accra Accord; and	继续评估巴勒斯坦被占领土的经济发展前景，审查贸易和发展面临的障碍，并且应当作为国际社会建立独立的巴勒斯坦国的承诺的一部分，通过投入适足的资源和有效的业务活动，加强向巴勒斯坦人民提供援助的方案，并从而按照《阿克拉协议》的规定，缓解巴勒斯坦人民遭受的不利的经济和社会状况；
(n)	(n)
Assist developing countries to analyse the important connection between social safety nets, trade and development.	协助发展中国家分析社会安全网、贸易和发展之间的重要联系。
III.	三.
Sub-theme 2 – Strengthening all forms of cooperation and partnerships for trade and development, including North–South, South–South and triangular cooperation	分主题2――加强一切形式的贸易和发展合作与伙伴关系，包括南北合作、南南合作和三方合作
A.	A.
Policy analysis	政策分析
32.	32.
Given the changes and dynamism in the global trade and economic landscape, the international community must encourage all forms of cooperation, and renew and strengthen approaches to partnerships for trade and development.	鉴于全球贸易和经济景象的变化和动态，国际社会必须鼓励各种形式的合作，并且恢复和加强处理贸易和发展伙伴关系的方针。
Cooperation in support of inclusive and sustainable growth and development can help focus the national and international efforts on the challenges of building productive capacities and structural transformation, as well as promoting accelerated stable economic growth and greater openness.	有利于包容性和可持续增长与发展的合作，能够有助于使国内和国际努力重点处理生产能力建设和结构转型的挑战以及推动快速、稳定的经济增长和扩大开放的挑战。
Partnerships for development should enhance collaboration between the private and public sectors.	有利于发展的伙伴关系应当加强私营和公营部门之间的协作。
33.	33.
International trade can contribute to fostering cooperation and building new partnerships by linking production processes across borders, disseminating know-how and contributing to shared economic growth.	国际贸易通过将生产工序跨境联系起来、传播专业知识和推动共同的经济增长，有助于促进合作和和建立新的伙伴关系。
International trade can also support achievement of the MDGs in developing countries, especially in reducing poverty and inequality.	国际贸易还可以支持发展中国家实现千年发展目标，尤其是减少贫困和不平等的目标。
However, it has yet to realize its full potential.	不过，国际贸易尚未充分发挥潜力。
Timely implementation of duty-free quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all LDCs, consistent with the Ministerial Declaration adopted by WTO in China, Hong Kong, in 2005, can be a useful tool in this regard.	在这方面，根据世贸组织2005年在中国香港通过的《部长级宣言》，及时向所有最不发达国家提供长期的免关税和免配额市场准入可以是一个有用的工具。
There is also a need to better understand how the benefits of international trade could be harnessed to achieve the MDGs, especially for the vulnerable sectors of society.	还需要更好地理解可以如何利用国际贸易带来的好处实现《千年发展目标》，尤其为社会中的弱势群体实现这些目标。
34.	34.
It is important – through effective development cooperation and development finance, including official development assistance (ODA) – to assist developing countries’ efforts, in particular Africa and LDCs, in moving to a position where they can mobilize their own resources for sustainable development, create new productive capacities and diversify their economic structure.	有必要通过有效的发展合作和发展融资，包括官方发展援助，协助发展中国家特别是非洲和最不发达国家设法达到能够为可持续发展筹集本国资源，创造新的生产能力，并使本国的经济结构多样化的水平。
Development cooperation and development finance, including ODA, should be tailored to country-specific priorities, peculiarities and needs.	发展合作和发展融资，包括官方发展援助，应当与各国特有的优先事项、特点和需要相适应。
In this respect, effective development cooperation makes important contributions.	在这方面，有效的发展合作可以发挥重要作用。
35.	35.
ODA continues to provide an important source of assistance and financing for many developing countries, in particular LDCs, in their pursuit of the MDGs.	官方发展援助仍然是许多发展中国家特别是最不发达国家争取实现《千年发展目标》所需的重要的援助和资金来源。
ODA also plays an important catalytic role in leveraging financing for development from other sources.	官方发展援助还在利用其它来源的发展资金方面发挥着催化作用。
Donors should respect their ODA commitments, as reaffirmed in the relevant United Nations conferences and meetings, including in the outcome of the 2010 High-Level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals.	正如相关的联合国会议包括2010年千年发展目标高级别全体会议的结果所确认的，捐助方应当履行其官方发展援助承诺。
36.	36.
The Aid for Trade initiative has gained prominence in the international aid discourse since it was introduced by WTO in 2005, and mobilized resources for trade-related assistance.	“贸易援助”倡议自2005年由世界贸易组织(世贸组织)推出以来，已经在国际援助问题讨论方面占据突出位置，并且已经筹集了一些贸易援助资源。
This initiative recognizes that, to fully benefit from international trade, developing countries, especially LDCs, need targeted financial support for trade-related technical assistance, building productive capacity and infrastructure, and trade-related adjustment support.	该倡议认识到，为了充分得益于国际贸易，发展中国家特别是最不发达国家需要有针对性的资金支持，以利用与贸易有关的技术援助，同时建立生产能力和基础设施；还需要与贸易相关的调整支持。
In this regard, adequate, efficient and outcome-oriented aid for trade, as well as its greater prioritization in overall development strategies, is needed.	在这方面，需要适足、高效和注重结果的贸易援助，还需要使其在促进发展战略中占据更为优先的位置。
Reaching these objectives requires that recipient countries mainstream trade issues in their overall national and regional development strategies to ensure coherence between trade and development.	要达到这些目标，就要求受援国使贸易问题在其总的国家和区域发展战略中占据中心位置，以便确保贸易和发展之间的一致性。
In this regard, the Enhanced Integrated Framework is important to LDCs.	在这方面，强化综合框架对最不发达国家非常重要。
37.	37.
Regional integration, complemented by interregional cooperation, can help developing countries harness closer trade links in support of inclusive and sustainable growth and development.	区域一体化通过区域间合作得到补充，它有助于发展中国家利用更加紧密的贸易关系来支持包容性和可持续的增长和发展。
Initiatives include regional trade and investment arrangements in Africa and Latin America, and the creation of regional production networks across Asia, including some LDCs.	有关的倡议包括非洲和拉丁美洲的区域贸易和投资安排，在亚洲各国，包括在一些最不发达国家建立区域生产网络等等。
Regional integration, including regional trade agreements (RTAs), should bolster productive integration and support economic diversification, especially in the LDCs and LLDCs.	区域一体化，包括区域贸易协定，都应该增进生产一体化，支持经济多样化，特别是在最不发达国家和内陆发展中国家。
RTAs should be consistent with the multilateral trading system to improve market access.	区域贸易协定应该符合多边贸易制度，以改进市场准入。
38.	38.
Regional cooperation can support national development strategies and reduce external vulnerabilities, and in some cases can complement the global economic governance system.	区域合作可以支持国家发展战略，减少外部脆弱性，有时还能对全球经济治理制度提供补充。
By deepening economic integration, a series of mutually beneficial ties can be built across economies at different levels of development within a geographic region to promote and accelerate development.	通过深化经济一体化，同一地理区域内处在不同发展水平的经济体之间可以建立一系列互利关系，以促进并加速发展。
39.	39.
South–South cooperation, as a complement but not a substitute for North–South cooperation, is a positive aspect of international cooperation for developing countries to expand their growth and development potential and, in addition to triangular cooperation, increase the efficiency and quality of international cooperation.	南南合作不是南北合作的替代，而是它的一种补充，是发展中国家扩大增长和发展潜力方面的国际合作的一个积极方面，它除了三角合作以外，还能提高国际合作的效率和质量。
40.	40.
Many developing countries have varied progress towards achieving the MDGs.	许多发展中国家在实现《千年发展目标》方面的进展情况不尽相同。
It is thus important to effectively harness all forms of cooperation and partnership for trade and development and to share best practices of these varied experiences to accomplish the internationally agreed development goals, including the MDGs, and to foster beneficial integration into the world economy.	因此，有必要切实利用一切形式的合作与伙伴关系促进贸易和发展，还有必要交流与这些不同经验相关的最佳做法，以便实现国际商定的发展目标包括《千年发展目标》，并推动以有益方式融入世界经济。
B.	B.
The role of UNCTAD	贸发会议的作用
41.	41.
In accordance with paragraph 18, UNCTAD should:	根据第18段，贸发会议应当：
(a)	(a)
Conduct research and analysis and disseminate best practices on all forms of cooperation, including North–South, South–South and triangular cooperation;	就各种形式的合作，包括南北、南南和三方合作开展研究和分析并传播最佳做法；
(b)	(b)
Assess on a regular basis and promote consensus on how development cooperation and partnerships, including those involving South–South cooperation, can further contribute to enhancing the achievement of the MDGs, especially in the case of LDCs and Africa;	就发展合作和伙伴关系，包括涉及南南合作的发展合作和伙伴关系如何能进一步促进千年发展目标的实现等问题，开展定期评估并推动达成共识，特别是要针对最不发达国家和非洲；
(c)	(c)
Work on how South–South cooperation, including other regional and other cooperation arrangements, as well as other cooperation agreements can optimize development gains of developing countries, particularly LDCs;	就南南合作，包括其它区域安排和其它合作安排，以及其它合作协定如何能够优化发展中国家特别是最不发达国家的发展收益等问题开展工作；
(d)	(d)
Continue to support South–South trade cooperation initiatives, including the Global System of Trade Preferences;	继续支持南南贸易合作倡议，包括全面贸易优惠制度；
(e)	(e)
Analyse regional and subregional integration efforts and their contribution to development, diversification of national economies, and building up of infrastructures within and between developing countries;	分析区域和次区域一体化的努力，以及这些努力对国民经济发展和多样化以及发展中国家内部和之间的基础设施建设的贡献；
(f)	(f)
Continue analysis and research on how regional trade arrangements can be used to optimize development gains;	继续分析和研究可如何利用区域贸易安排优化发展收益；
(g)	(g)
Continue to provide research and analysis and facilitate the sharing of best practices to help enhance the effectiveness of triangular cooperation, among others, in promoting trade and development;	继续提供研究和分析，便利交流最佳做法，以有助于提高三方合作在促进贸易和发展等方面的有效性；
(h)	(h)
Address the opportunities and challenges of the growing South–South cooperation, in a way that assists national development strategies;	处理南南合作的日益加强带来的机会和挑战，以协助国家发展战略；
(i)	(i)
Enhance cooperation with other relevant trade capacity-building organizations, including through the United Nations Inter-Agency Cluster on Trade and Productive Capacity;	加强与其它有关的贸易能力建设组织的合作，包括通过联合国机构间贸易和生产能力小组；
(j)	(j)
Explore ways to maximize the development impact of the trade-related assistance that UNCTAD provides and play an active role in the Aid for Trade Initiative;	探索最大限度地实现贸发会议提供的与贸易相关援助的发展影响的途径，并在“贸易援助倡议”方面发挥积极作用；
(k)	(k)
Undertake analyses and consider developing, where appropriate, related tools on national and international efforts to enhance the impact of development cooperation including on the alignment of ODA with national development priorities;	开展分析并酌情考虑开发与国家和国际努力相关的工具，旨在增强发展合作的影响，包括促进官方发展援助与国家发展优先事项相一致；
(l)	(l)
Undertake research and analysis on public–private partnerships in the development context, with the aim of mapping out best practices as well as evaluating models of public–private partnerships that can help to establish linkages between local producers in developing countries into global supply chains;	研究和分析发展框架内的公私伙伴关系，以便确定最佳做法，并且评估能够有助于建立发展中国家的当地生产者与全球供应链之间的联系的公私伙伴关系模式；
(m)	(m)
Assist the LDCs in assessing progress towards resource mobilization, economic diversification and competitiveness in support of their national development strategies;	协助最不发达国家评估调动资源、实行经济多样化和提高竞争力以支持国家发展战略方面的进展；
(n)	(n)
Support the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, in trade, development and interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development which resulted from the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries;	在贸易和发展领域以及金融、技术、投资和可持续发展领域相互关联的问题上支持第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议通过的《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的执行；
(o)	(o)
Assist LDCs to face the challenges of graduation from the LDC category, including strategies for facilitating smooth transition, a clear understanding of the post-graduation environment, better focus of efforts on promoting their development, and creating suitable and robust economic and legal frameworks and institutional capacity in the field of trade and investment;	协助最不发达国家应对脱离最不发达国家类别方面的挑战，包括制定便利平稳过渡的战略、清楚地了解脱离后环境、进一步侧重于促进发展的努力、建立适当和健全的经济和法律框架以及建设在贸易和投资领域的体制能力；
and (p)	(p)
Continue to monitor progress of LDCs towards graduation thresholds with a view to identifying challenges ahead for action at national and international levels in coordination with the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and States Developing Island Small.	继续监测最不发达国家在达到脱离(最不发达国家类别)门槛方面取得的进展，以便明确今后的挑战，设法与最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家高级代表办事处协调，在国家和国际两级采取行动。
IV.	四.
Sub-theme 3 – Addressing persistent and emerging development challenges as related to their implications for trade and development and interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development	分主题3――处理持续存在和新出现的发展挑战对贸易和发展的影响，以及金融、技术、投资和可持续发展等领域相互关联的问题
A.	A.
Policy analysis	政策分析
42.	42.
The world economy faces a series of persistent and emerging challenges to stable and strong economic growth and inclusive and sustainable development.	世界经济面临一系列持续存在和新出现的挑战，这些挑战阻碍着稳定和强劲的经济增长及包容性和可持续发展。
This calls for policies and actions that address these challenges, promote trade and investment, and foster development-centred globalization.	因此，需要制定政策和行动，以应对这些挑战、促进贸易与投资，以及推动以发展为核心的全球化。
Such measures have to be tailored to local capabilities, conditions and needs, as there is no universal blueprint.	因为没有通用的蓝图，所以这类措施必须适合当地的能力、条件和需要。
Also, integrated approaches to development in an interdependent and open world economy would be required at national, regional and international levels.	此外，在相互依存和开放的世界经济中，需要在国家、区域和国际三级采取综合的发展方针。
A stable and conducive policy and institutional environment that promotes entrepreneurship, competitiveness, productive capacity-building, structural transformation, technological improvement and job creation would also be important.	促进创业、竞争力、生产能力建设、结构转型、技术改进和创造就业的稳定和有利的政策及体制环境也非常重要。
43.	43.
Accession to WTO is an integral part of the development strategies of most countries aiming to benefit fully from the international trading system.It is also important for the further integration of developing countries, in particular LDCs, and countries with economies in transition, into the rules-based multilateral trading system.	加入世贸组织是多数力图充分得益于国际贸易体系的国家的发展战略的一个组成部分，对发展中国家特别是最不发达国家和经济转型期国家进一步融入基于规则的多边贸易体系也非常重要。
In this context, acceding countries, particularly LDCs, before and in the post-accession period, could need technical assistance.	在该背景下，要加入世贸组织的国家，尤其是最不发达国家在加入之前和之后的阶段可能需要技术援助。
Obstacles should be addressed, so as to facilitate the accession process, in order to achieve an early conclusion.	障碍应当得到处理，以便为加入进程提供便利，从而尽早完成该进程。
Concerning acceding LDCs, WTO members have agreed to implement the decision on the guidelines for accession of LDCs adopted by the WTO General Council on 10 December 2002 and further build on the decision of the Eighth Ministerial Conference on accession of LDCs.	关于想要加入世贸组织的最不发达国家，世贸组织成员已经商定执行关于世贸组织总理事会2002年12月10日通过的最不发达国家加入世贸组织的准则的决定，并且进一步以第八次部长级会议关于最不发达国家入世的决定为基础。
44.	44.
Development of, and access to, services, supported by adequate regulatory and institutional frameworks, are important for sound socio-economic development.	在适当的监管和体制框架支持下发展和利用服务业，对稳健的社会经济发展来说非常重要。
45.	45.
Development of infrastructure, physical and soft, has a strong impact on production and trade and on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI).	物质基础设施和软基础设施的发展对生产和贸易以及对吸引外国直接投资(直接外资)都有重大影响。
In this regard, in recent years, the participation of the private sector has increased.	在这方面，近年来私营部门的参与有所增加。
Governments continue to play an essential role as both providers and regulators of infrastructure and other public services.	政府作为基础设施和其他公共服务的提供方和监管方，仍然发挥着不可或缺的作用。
New approaches should be explored to help tackle persistent challenges facing many developing countries, particularly LLDCs, including high transport and commercial transaction costs, and weak logistical capacities.	应当探索新的途径，帮助处理许多发展中国家尤其是内陆发展中国家面临的难以消除的挑战，包括运输和交易成本高以及物流能力差等。
These challenges, many of which are also shared by some countries with economies in transition, are compounded by other factors, such as volatile energy prices.	一些经济转型期国家也面临着其中多项挑战。另一些因素，包括能源价格不稳定等，使得这些挑战变得更加严峻。
46.	46.
In order to achieve food security and promote sustainable economic development, it will be important to strengthen agricultural production capacity, as well as facilitate greater integration of farmers into local, regional and international markets.	为了实现粮食安全和促进可持续经济发展，有必要加强农业生产能力以及便利农民更好地融入本地、区域和国际市场。
47.	47.
LLDCs usually pay the highest transport and transit costs, as recognized in the Almaty Programme of Action.	内陆发展中国家支付的运输和过境费用通常最高，《阿拉木图行动纲领》已认识到这一点。
Lack of access to the sea, remoteness from major markets, inadequate transit facilities, cumbersome customs and border-crossing procedures, regulatory constraints, as well as weak legal and institutional arrangements, undermine the efforts of LLDCs to build their productive capacities and to be competitive in world markets.	缺乏出海口、远离主要市场、过境设施薄弱、海关和过境手续繁琐、监管方面的制约及法律和制度安排欠缺等因素，削弱了内陆发展中国家建设生产能力以及在全球市场形成竞争力的努力。
These structural and geographical handicaps preventing LLDCs from fully harnessing the potential of trade as an engine for sustained economic growth and inclusive development need to be addressed, including through continued international and national efforts to implement the Almaty Programme of Action.	这些结构上和地理上的障碍使内陆发展中国家无法充分利用贸易潜力推动持续经济增长和包容性发展，这些障碍需要消除，在国际上和国内不断努力执行《阿拉木图行动纲领》即是方法之一。
Attention should also be paid to the challenges of transit developing countries, in particular in the development and maintenance of efficient transit and transport systems.	还应重视过境发展中国家面临的困难，尤其是在发展和维持高效率的过境和运输系统方面。
Implementing trade facilitation measures regionally and multilaterally can also play a major role in helping LLDCs and other developing countries overcome these challenges.	实施区域及多边的贸易便利化措施也可发挥重大作用，帮助内陆发展中国家及其他发展中国家克服这些困难。
48.	48.
When it comes to transport and trade logistics, SIDS are also disadvantaged due to their remoteness and geographical isolation.	在运输和贸易物流方面，小岛屿发展中国家地理位置偏远、交通不便，因而也处于不利地位。
In a globalizing world, logistics costs and non-tariff barriers have become key factors in the overall competitiveness of SIDS.	在全球化的世界中，物流成本和非关税壁垒已成为影响小岛屿发展中国家总体竞争力的关键因素。
Low transport volumes and long distances typically add up to high freight and logistics costs and low frequency of services, in terms of both maritime and air transport.	运输量小、里程长往往导致运费和物流成本高、服务频率低，海运和空运都是如此。
49.	49.
Many countries are negotiating an increasing number of RTAs.	许多国家都在谈判越来越多的区域贸易协定。
RTAs should not be a substitute for the multilateral trading system.	区域贸易协定不应替代多边贸易体系。
Flexibilities for developing countries and countries with economies in transition in RTAs should be analysed while assessing development implications.	在评估发展的影响时，应该分析在区域贸易协定中对发展中国家和经济转型期国家采取的灵活做法。
50.	50.
The objective of competition policy is to create and maintain a competitive environment by eliminating anticompetitive practices.	竞争政策的目标是消除反竞争做法，以创造和保持一个竞争环境。
States are encouraged to consider establishing competition laws and frameworks in coherence with their national development strategies.	鼓励国家考虑制定与国家发展战略相协调的竞争法和竞争框架。
51.	51.
The empowerment of women is of crucial importance, among others for harnessing the potential for inclusive growth and development.	扶持妇女至关重要，有利于发挥潜力，促进包容性增长和发展。
Women’s engagement in trade and economic opportunities, employment in export sectors, production of cash crops, and the creation of new business, especially by women entrepreneurs, enables them to make productive investments and reduce poverty.	妇女参与贸易和利用经济机遇、在出口部门就业、生产经济作物以及创办新的企业，尤其是由女企业家创办新的企业，使她们能够作出生产性投资并减轻贫困。
Obstacles to women’s empowerment include gender bias and income inequality, which should be tackled through appropriate measures.	阻碍对妇女进行扶持的障碍包括性别偏见和收入不平等，应当通过适当措施处理这些障碍。
52.	52.
Development of a strong science, technology and innovation (STI) capacity is key to addressing many of the persistent and emerging trade and development challenges that developing countries face.	发展强大的科学、技术和创新(科技和创新)能力对于处理发展中国家面临的许多持续存在和新出现的贸易和发展挑战来说至关重要。
Governments in developing countries should consider formulating and implementing STI policies as a central feature of their development strategies.	发展中国家的政府应考虑制定并实施科技和创新政策，作为其发展战略的核心特征。
Developing countries, especially LDCs, and some countries with economies in transition, and their small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), experience difficulties in technological upgrading.	发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家和一些经济转型期国家以及这些国家中小企业在技术升级方面遇到一些困难。
For countries to upgrade their technological capacities, domestic absorptive capacity – which requires strong collaboration among the private sector, research institutions and other relevant actors – and an enabling environment for investment are needed.	各国想要提升技术能力，就需要具备国内吸收能力――这需要在私营部门、研究机构和其他相关行为者之间开展密切合作，还需要一个扶持性投资环境。
International trade and investment policy frameworks should be supportive of development in developing countries.	国际贸易和投资政策框架应支持发展中国家的发展。
53.	53.
Information and communications technology (ICT) has become an important feature of the increasingly globalized and knowledge-based economy.	信息和通信技术(信通技术)已经成为日益全球化和以知识为基础的经济的一个重要特色。
The Internet and other ICTs can contribute to job creation, enhance access to information, enhance interaction through social networks, and enable transparent and efficient commerce between customers and suppliers.	互联网和其他信通技术可以为创造就业做出贡献、加强获取信息、加强通过社会网络进行的交流，并且使客户和供应商进行透明和高效率的交易。
The wider diffusion of ICTs, improved access to the Internet and the development of ICT-related infrastructure are essential to bridging the digital and broadband divide.	广泛传播信通技术，改善互联网接入，发展与信通技术相关的基础设施，对于弥合数字和宽带鸿沟至关重要。
Developing countries can maximize their benefit from ICTs by formulating and implementing national ICT policies.	发展中国家能够通过制定和执行国家信通技术政策最大限度地获得信通技术产生的益处。
54.	54.
The multifaceted economic and development implications of changing environmental conditions, including climate change, pose major policy challenges, as well as opportunities, at national, regional and international levels.	包括气候变化在内的环境状况的变化产生的多方面经济和发展影响在国家、区域和国际三级构成政策方面的重大挑战，也带来了机遇。
Of special significance for developing countries are the economic aspects, and costs, of mitigation and adaptation.	经济方面、缓解和适应的成本问题对发展中国家尤为重要。
International cooperation under existing multilateral instruments should contribute to supporting developing countries, particularly the most vulnerable countries, in addressing challenges and opportunities.	根据现有多边文书开展的国际合作应致力于支持发展中国家特别是最为脆弱的国家应对挑战和机遇。
55.	55.
Natural disasters can wipe out the gains by small and medium-sized firms and the livelihood of people who depend on them.	自然灾害会使中小企业的收益化为乌有，使依赖中小企业的人们的生计落空。
To build up the resilience of these firms and enable them to maintain sustainable involvement in trade and investment, developing countries need, inter alia, support to develop capacities that would enable greater use of catastrophic insurance risk coverage.	为了提高这些企业的抗御能力，使它们持续参与贸易与投资，发展中国家需要得到能力建设等方面的支持，以便更好地利用巨灾保险风险覆盖。
B.	B.
The role of UNCTAD	贸发会议的作用
56.	56.
In accordance with paragraph 18, UNCTAD should:	根据第18段，贸发会议应当：
(a)	(a)
Provide developing countries, in particular LDCs, and countries with economies in transition that are acceding to WTO with technical assistance and capacity-building prior to, during and in the follow-up to the accession process, depending on their level of development and needs;	对力争加入世贸组织的发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家和经济转型期国家，视其发展水平和需要，在其加入进程之前、之中及其后续过程中提供技术援助和能力建设；
(b)	(b)
Monitor all forms of protectionism in cooperation with WTO and other relevant institutions;	与世贸组织和其他相关机构合作，对所有形式的保护主义进行监测；
(c)	(c)
Continue its work on services;	继续开展服务业方面的工作；
(d)	(d)
Support, through its research and policy dialogue, efforts to improve access to finance for and delivery of financial services to SMEs, microenterprises and individuals in developing countries;	通过研究和政策对话，支持改善发展中国家中小企业、微型企业和个人获取资金状况和向这三者提供金融服务状况的努力；
(e)	(e)
Complementing the work of other organizations, continue its research and analysis within its mandate on the impact of migration on development, considering its challenges and opportunities;	为其他组织的工作提供补充，继续在其任务范围内就移徙对发展的影响问题开展研究和分析，同时考虑到移徙带来的挑战和机遇；
(f)	(f)
Continue its work on research and analysis, within its mandate, on enhancing the impact of migrants’ remittances on development, including their social and economic benefits, reducing their transaction costs and expanding access to financial services, while respecting their character as private funds;	继续在任务范围内就加强移徙者汇款对发展的影响，包括增加移徙者汇款的社会和经济益处，如何降低此种汇款的交易成本以及扩大获得融资服务的机会等，开展研究和分析工作，同时尊重移徙者汇款作为私人资金的特性；
(g)	(g)
In collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, which has the lead in agricultural issues in the United Nations system:	与在联合国系统处理农业问题方面起牵头作用的联合国粮食及农业组织协作：
(i)	(一)
Continue its work in the area of agriculture in the context of commodities to help developing countries achieve more sustainable and strengthened agricultural production, food security and export capacity.	继续联系初级商品开展农业领域的工作，以帮助发展中国家实现更可持续、更加稳固的农业生产、粮食安全和出口能力。
This work should take into account the needs of small-scale farmers, and empowerment of women and youths;	这项工作应考虑小农户的需要以及对妇女和青年的扶持；
(ii)	(二)
Continue its work on organic agriculture;	继续开展有机农业工作；
and (iii)	(三)
Continue work on commodities, food security and investment in agriculture, taking into account the special needs of Africa, LDCs and net food-importing developing countries, in cooperation with other relevant organizations;	与其他相关组织合作，继续开展初级商品、粮食安全和农业投资方面的工作，同时考虑到非洲、最不发达国家和粮食净进口国的特殊需要；
(h)	(h)
Assist developing countries, particularly LLDCs and transit developing countries, and some countries with economies in transition, to address challenges affecting their participation in trade from geographical constraints, with a view to improving transport systems and connections, designing and implementing resilient and sustainable transport systems, and enhancing transit infrastructure and trade facilitation solutions;	协助发展中国家，特别是内陆发展中国家和过境发展中国家以及某些经济转型期国家应对由于地理制约因素而引起的影响其对贸易的参与的困难，以改善运输系统和连接，设计并运行牢固和可持续的运输系统，加强过境基础设施和贸易便利化方面的解决办法；
(i)	(i)
Continue its work in the field of trade facilitation, including the ASYCUDA programme;	继续开展贸易便利化领域的工作，包括执行“海关数据自动化系统”方案；
(j)	(j)
Advise SIDS on the design and implementation of policies addressing their specific trade and trade logistics challenges linked to their remoteness and geographical isolation;	向小岛屿发展中国家提供咨询意见，协助它们制定并实施政策，以处理因其地理位置偏僻、交通不便而面临的具体贸易和贸易物流方面的困难；
(k)	(k)
Support and assist structurally weak, vulnerable and small economies to generate policies to achieve sustainable development;	支持并协助结构薄弱、易受冲击的小经济体制定政策，以实现可持续发展；
(l)	(l)
Provide assistance for developing countries and countries with economies in transition on regional trade arrangements, in collaboration with United Nations regional commissions and other relevant institutions;	与联合国各区域委员会及其他相关机构合作，就区域贸易安排向发展中国家和经济转型期国家提供援助；
(m)	(m)
Conduct analysis and research and help developing countries and countries with economies in transition to formulate and implement competition and consumer protection policies, promote the sharing of best practices, and carry out peer reviews with regard to the implementation of such policies;	开展分析和研究，帮助发展中国家和经济转型期国家制定和实施竞争和消费者保护政策，促进最佳做法的交流，并就这类政策的执行情况开展同级审评；
(n)	(n)
Reinforce its work on the links between gender equality, women’s empowerment, and trade and development, without prejudice to other programmes;	在不影响其他方案的情况下，加强有关性别平等、对妇女的扶持与贸易和发展之间的联系方面的工作；
(o)	(o)
In collaboration with the International Labour Organization, WTO and other relevant organizations, continue its work on the impact of trade on employment and inclusive and sustainable development, with special focus on the poor and youth;	与国际劳工组织、世贸组织和其他相关组织合作，继续研究贸易对就业及包容性和可持续发展的影响，特别关注贫困者和青年人；
(p)	(p)
Maintain efforts in research and analysis in the area of STI, focusing on making STI capacity an instrument for supporting national development, helping local industry become more competitive, and for developing export diversification efforts of countries;	继续在科技和创新领域的研究和分析方面作出努力，注重使科技和创新能力成为支持国家发展、帮助地方产业提高竞争力，以及发展各国出口多样化的工具；
(q)	(q)
Undertake research and provide technical assistance to developing countries on ICT and implementation of relevant action lines from the World Summit on the Information Society and as secretariat to the Commission on Science and Technology for Development;	开展研究，就信通技术以及信息社会世界峰会相关行动路线的实施向发展中国家提供技术援助，同时充当科学和技术促进发展委员会秘书处；
(r)	(r)
Continue capacity-building activities including TrainForTrade and in the framework of paragraph 166 of the Bangkok Plan of Action;	继续开展能力建设活动，包括实施贸易培训方案及在《曼谷行动计划》第166条框架内开展活动；
(s)	(s)
Conduct analysis, foster international dialogue and consensus-building, and provide capacity-building on the links among trade, environment and sustainable development, as well as on making use of resource-efficient approaches to promote sustainable consumption and production patterns;	就贸易、环境与可持续发展之间的联系，以及利用节省资源方针促进可持续消费和生产模式等问题开展分析、加强国际对话和建设共识，并提供能力建设；
and (t)	(t)
Continue to provide policy analysis and capacity-building on insurance regulatory frameworks and risk management for developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic risks.	继续就保险业监管框架和风险管理，向特别容易遭受灾害风险的发展中国家提供政策分析和能力建设。
V.	五.
Sub-theme 4 – Promoting investment, trade, entrepreneurship and related development policies to foster sustained economic growth for sustainable and inclusive development	分主题4――促进投资、贸易、创业和相关发展政策，以推动持续经济增长，实现可持续和包容性发展
A.	A.
Policy analysis	政策分析
57.	57.
International trade can be an engine of economic growth and socio-economic development.	国际贸易可以成为经济增长和社会――经济发展的动力。
All developing countries can benefit from world trade, including through greater trade flows, that help promote sustainable development and the eradication of poverty.	所有发展中国家都能得益于有助于推动可持续发展和消除贫困的世界贸易，包括因贸易流动增加而获益。
58.	58.
In order to contribute to development, efforts should be made by all stakeholders to promote FDI in a way so as to complement the development priorities of host countries.	为了促进发展，所有利害关系方都应当努力促进直接外资，以便对引资国的发展重点作出补充。
FDI requires a stable, predictable and enabling investment climate.	直接外资需要一种稳定、可预见和扶持性的投资环境。
It is important to enhance the development impact of foreign investment, including by strengthening the productive sector and contributing to job creation.	必须扩大外国投资的发展影响，包括采取加强生产部门和促进创造就业等措施。
National capacities of developing countries should be strengthened in this regard.	在这方面应该加强发展中国家的国家能力。
Investment policies should have a strong focus on sustainable development and inclusive growth.	投资政策应当高度集中于可持续性发展和包容性增长。
59.	59.
Building productive capacity is key to fostering sustained economic growth and inclusive development.	建设生产能力是推动持续的经济增长和包容性发展的关键。
It can be expanded through a balanced policy mix approach, which, among others, include cost-effective and appropriate incentives to encourage investments in wealth-creating activities, as well as in the provision of education, training, improving levels of health and nutrition, and increased research and development capacity that helps to build knowledge base.	扩大生产能力可采用全面的政策组合的方式，如采取高成本效益的适当激励手段鼓励向创造财富的活动、开办教育、培训、提高健康和营养水平投资等；提高研发能力有助于建设知识基础，也可扩大生产能力。
60.	60.
Industrial policies play an important role in establishing dynamic and sustainable development in many countries.	在很多国家，产业政策对于实现有活力且可持续的发展具有重要作用。
These need to be complemented with other policies in relevant areas if they are to have their full and intended effect.	产业政策需要相关领域的其他政策作为补充，才能完全达到预想的效果。
This includes economic diversification, improving international competitiveness and realizing more sustainable and inclusive outcomes.	具体政策包括经济多样化、提高国际竞争力并取得更多可持续和包容性的成果。
61.	61.
In recent years, certain developing countries moved away from primary commodities to producing more skill- and technology-intensive manufactures and services.	近年来，某些发展中国家由生产初级产品转向生产更为技术和知识密集型的制成品和服务。
In a number of cases, this has been supported by a gradual integration of developing countries into global supply chains.	在很多国家，这得到了发展中经济体逐步融入全球供应链的过程的支持。
Many commodity-dependent developing countries, particularly those in Africa and LDCs, are still in the process of – and face challenges in – building a more diversified economy.	许多依赖初级商品的发展中国家，尤其是非洲国家和最不发达国家，仍然处于增强经济多样化的进程之中，并面临着其中的挑战。
62.	62.
Technology can provide new opportunities that will contribute to the enhancement of know-how and to the raising of the level of competitiveness.	技术可提供新的机会，有利于提升专业知识，提高竞争力。
63.	63.
Maintaining the balance and effectiveness of the international intellectual property rights system, as well as promoting and protecting traditional knowledge, genetic resources, innovation and practices continue to be important, in line with the agreed recommendations of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Development Agenda.	维持国际知识产权制度的平衡和有效性，以及促进和保护传统知识、基因资源、创新和惯例仍然非常重要，符合《世界知识产权组织(产权组织)发展议程》的商定建议。
National and international efforts are needed to preserve, protect and promote the sustainable use of traditional knowledge, folklore and genetic resources and to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of their benefits.	需要各国及国际社会做出努力，以保存、保护和促进可持续地利用传统知识、民间传说和基因资源，确保公正和公平地分享其收益。
64.	64.
Some middle-income countries still face significant challenges in poverty eradication, inequalities and diversification of their economies.	一些中等收入国家在消除贫困和不平等以及经济多样化方面仍然面临重大挑战。
Efforts to address those challenges in those countries most in need can be supported.	应支持最需要帮助的国家应对这类挑战的努力。
B.	B.
The role of UNCTAD	贸发会议的作用
65.	65.
In accordance with paragraph 18, UNCTAD should:	根据第18段，贸发会议应当：
(a)	(a)
Continue its work on investment policy review and enterprise development as well as research and policy dialogue on the impact of FDI and other private international capital flows, the interaction of FDI and domestic investment, the relationship between ODA and FDI, as well as the link between FDI and regional integration, to achieve inclusive growth and sustainable development.	为实现包容性增长和可持续发展，继续开展投资政策审查和企业发展方面的工作，继续进行以下方面的研究和政策对话：直接外资和其他国际私人资本流动的影响、直接外资和本国投资之间的相互作用、官方发展援助和直接外资之间的关系以及直接外资和区域一体化之间的联系。
UNCTAD should continue its consultation with private-sector actors and assist developing countries to improve their performance in attracting private domestic and foreign investment in order to identify key barriers to investment;	贸发会议应继续与私营部门行为者磋商，并帮助发展中国家改善吸引国内和外国私人投资的表现，以确定投资的主要障碍；
(b)	(b)
Continue its research on issues related to the impact of FDI and other private international capital flows on inclusive growth and sustainable development, including through the World Investment Report, on the interaction of FDI and trade in global value chains, non-equity modes of production, trade promotion, infrastructure, job creation, public services, ODA and regional integration;	继续开展以下方面的研究：有关直接外资和其他国际私人资本流动对包容性增长和可持续发展的影响的问题――《世界投资报告》即为研究手段之一、直接外资和贸易在全球价值链中的相互影响、非股权形式的生产、贸易促进、基础设施、创造就业、公共服务、官方发展援助和区域一体化；
(c)	(c)
Continue to undertake research on the impact of transfer of technology on trade and development;	继续就技术转让对贸易和发展的影响开展研究；
(d)	(d)
Assist developing countries, in particular LDCs, and countries with economies in transition, in designing strategies and policies for attracting and benefiting from foreign investment.	协助发展中国家特别是最不发达国家和经济转型期国家设计吸引和利用外国投资的战略和政策。
These policies should contribute to their sustainable development and inclusive growth, including through their effective participation in global value chains;	这些政策应推动这些国家的可持续发展和包容性增长，包括通过有效地参与全球价值链实现可持续发展和包容性增长；
(e)	(e)
Provide an operational methodology and policy guidelines on how to mainstream productive capacities in national development policies and strategies in LDCs so that productive capacities are placed at the centre of national and international efforts to address the specific needs and challenges of LDCs.	提供易于实施的方法和政策指导，说明如何将生产能力建设纳入最不发达国家的国家发展政策和战略主流，以便使各国和国际社会在努力应对最不发达国家的具体需要和挑战时集中发展生产能力。
In this regard, UNCTAD should continue to further develop quantifiable indicators and related variables to measure economy-wide productive capacities in LDCs;	在这方面，贸发会议应继续进一步开发量化指标和相关变量，衡量最不发达国家整体经济的生产能力；
(f)	(f)
Support trade capacity-building in developing countries, particularly LDCs;	支持发展中国家特别是最不发达国家的贸易能力建设；
(g)	(g)
Provide analytical work and technical assistance to developing countries, particularly LDCs and countries with economies in transition, in the areas of trade and economic diversification and structural transformation to enhance growth and development;	在贸易和经济多样化以及通过结构转型促进增长和发展方面向发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家及经济转型期国家提供分析工作和技术援助；
including sectors related to creative economy, entrepreneurship and others that generate more value addition;	具体方面包括与创意经济和创业有关的部门及其他带来更多附加值的部门；
(h)	(h)
Continue to assist structurally weak and vulnerable small economies in their efforts to promoting investment and building productive capacity;	继续帮助结构薄弱、易受冲击的小经济体开展促进投资和建设生产能力的工作；
(i)	(i)
With the support of development partners, contribute to build national databases and statistical capacities in LDCs;	在发展伙伴的支持下，为在最不发达国家建立国家数据库和统计能力出力；
(j)	(j)
Acknowledging that WIPO has the lead in IPR issues in the United Nations system, UNCTAD will continue its work on IPR as it relates to trade and development;	认识到产权组织在知识产权问题上在联合国系统内部发挥着牵头作用，贸发会议将继续在凡属涉及贸易和发展问题的方面开展与知识产权相关的工作；
(k)	(k)
Undertake analytical work on international investment agreements, weighing the interests of all stakeholders, and continue to provide technical assistance, as well as fostering the international sharing of experiences and best practices on key issues relating to their negotiation and implementation;	开展国际投资协定的分析工作，权衡所有利害相关方的利益； 继续提供技术援助，并推动在这些协定的谈判和执行的关键问题的经验和最佳做法方面开展国际交流；
(l)	(l)
Continue its work in the area of International Standards of Accounting and Reporting;	继续开展《国际会计和报告准则》领域的工作；
and (m)	(m)
Continue its work, in synergy with relevant organizations, on enterprise development, particularly related to SMEs and entrepreneurship.	与相关组织协调合作，继续就企业发展，尤其是与中小企业和创业相关的问题开展工作。