Template-CCPR-Views concerning communication CCPR关于来文的意见-决定E_20231106.docx (English)	Template-CCPR-Views concerning communication CCPR关于来文的意见-决定C_20231106.docx (Chinese)
United Nations	联 合 国
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	公民及政治权利国际公约
Human Rights Committee	人权事务委员会
Views adopted by the Committee under article 5 (4) of the Optional Protocol, concerning communication No. 2900/2017, ,	委员会根据《任择议定书》第五条第四款通过的关于 第2900/2017号来文的意见
Decision adopted by the Committee under the Optional Protocol, concerning communication No.2518/2014	委员会根据《任择议定书》通过的关于第2518/2014号 来文的决定
Communication submitted by:	来文提交人：
Konstantin Zhukovsky (represented by counsel, Leonid Sudalenko) (not represented by counsel)	Konstantin Zhukovsky (由律师Leonid Sudalenko代理) (无律师代理)
Alleged victim:	据称受害人：
The author	提交人
State party:	所涉缔约国：
Belarus	白俄罗斯
Date of communication: 26 February 2016 (initial submission)	来文日期：2016年2月26日(首次提交)
Document references:	参考文件：
Decision taken pursuant to rule 92 of the Committee’s rules of procedure, transmitted to the State party on 15 February 2017 (not issued in document form)	根据委员会议事规则第92条作出的决定，已于2017年2月15日转交缔约国(未以文件形式印发)
Date of adoption of Views:	意见通过日期：
8 November 2019	2019年11月8日
Subject matter:	事由：
Freedom to impart information;	传播信息的自由；
arbitrary arrest and detention;	任意逮捕和拘留；
fair trial violations	侵犯公正审判权
Procedural issues:	程序性问题：
Non-substantiation of claims;	申诉证据不足；
exhaustion of domestic remedies;	用尽国内补救办法；
abuse of the right of submission;	滥用提交权；
State party’s failure to cooperate	缔约国未予合作
Substantive issue:	实质性问题：
Freedom of opinion and expression;	意见和表达自由；
deportation to Afghanistan;	驱逐至阿富汗；
right to an effective remedy;	有效补救权；
fair trial – the principle of equality of arms;	公正审判——权利平等原则；
access to court;	诉诸法庭；
retrospective application of the lenient penalty	追溯适用宽大处罚
Articles of the Covenant:	《公约》条款：
2 (2) and (3) (b) and 19	第二条第二款和第三款(丑)项、第十九条
Articles of the Optional Protocol:	《任择议定书》条款：
2 and 5 (2) (b)	第二条和第五条第二款(丑)项
1.1	1.1
The author of the communication is Konstantin Zhukovsky, a national of Belarus born in 1975.	来文提交人是Konstantin Zhukovsky，系白俄罗斯国民，1975年出生。
He claims that the State party violated his rights under article 19, read in conjunction with article 2 (2) and (3) (b), of the Covenant.	他声称，缔约国侵犯了他根据《公约》第十九条(与第二条第二款和第三款(丑)项一并解读)享有的权利。
The Optional Protocol entered into force for Belarus on 30 December 1992.	《任择议定书》于1992年12月30日对白俄罗斯生效。
The author is represented by counsel.	提交人由律师代理。
1.2	1.2
On 12 June 2017, pursuant to rule 92 of its rules of procedure (now rule 94), the Committee, acting through its Special Rapporteur on new communications and interim measures, decided to grant the author's request for interim measures and requested the State party not to extradite him to Belarus pending consideration of the communication by the Committee.	2017年6月12日，委员会根据其议事规则第92条(现为第94条)，通过新来文和临时措施特别报告员行事，决定批准提交人关于采取临时措施的请求，并请缔约国在委员会审议本来文期间暂不将其引渡至白俄罗斯。
It requested the State party to refrain from deporting the author to Afghanistan while his case was under consideration by the Committee.	委员会请缔约国在委员会审议案件期间不要将提交人遣返至阿富汗。
On 10 September 2018, the Committee, again acting through its Special Rapporteur on new communications and interim measures, decided to withdraw its request for interim measures.	2018年9月10日，委员会再次通过新来文和临时措施特别报告员行事，决定撤回关于采取临时措施的请求。
The facts as submitted by the author	提交人陈述的事实
Factual background	事实背景
The complaint	申诉
State party’s observations on admissibility	缔约国关于可否受理的意见
State party’s observations on the merits	缔约国关于实质问题的意见
State party’s observations on admissibility and the merits	缔约国关于可否受理和实质问题的意见
Author’s comments on the State party’s observations	提交人对缔约国意见的评论
Author’s comments on the State party’s observations on admissibility	提交人对缔约国关于可否受理的意见的评论
Author’s comments on the State party’s observations on the merits	提交人对缔约国关于实质问题的意见的评论
Author’s comments on the State party’s observations on admissibility and the merits	提交人对缔约国关于可否受理和实质问题的意见的评论
Additional submissions by the parties	各当事方的补充陈述
State party’s additional observations on admissibility	缔约国关于可否受理的补充意见
State party’s additional observations on the merits	缔约国关于实质问题的补充意见
State party’s additional observations on admissibility and the merits	缔约国关于可否受理和实质问题的补充意见
Author’s comments on the State party’s additional observations	提交人对缔约国补充意见的评论
Author’s further comments	提交人的进一步评论
2.	2.
The State party asserts that the communication is inadmissible because the author has not exhausted all available domestic remedies.	缔约国称，来文不可受理，因为提交人没有用尽一切可用的国内补救办法。
It considers that the communication should be declared inadmissible because the author is not a victim of a violation of article 14 (1) and (5) of the Covenant.	缔约国认为，应宣布来文不可受理，因为提交人不是违反《公约》第十四条第一款和第五款行为的受害者。
It submits that the communication is incompatible with the provisions of the Covenant and thus inadmissible under article 3 of the Optional Protocol.	缔约国称，来文不符合《公约》的规定，因此根据《任择议定书》第三条不可受理。
With regard to the admissibility of the communication, the State party submits that the communication is not sufficiently substantiated and manifestly unfounded and therefore should be declared inadmissible pursuant to article 3 of the Optional Protocol and rule 96 (b) of the Committee’s rules of procedure (now rule 99 (b)).	关于来文可否受理问题，缔约国提出，来文未经充分证实，而且显然没有根据，因此，应根据《任择议定书》第三条和委员会议事规则第96条(b)项(现第99条(b)项)宣布来文不可受理。
The State party submits that that part of the communication should be declared inadmissible ratione materiae.	缔约国指出，应以属事理由宣布来文的这一部分不可受理。
The State party argues that the author was provided with all of the rights and means of defence to achieve a fair trial.	缔约国称，已向提交人提供了实现公正审判的所有辩护权利和手段。
3.	3.
On 23 June 2017, the author, commenting on the State party's observations, submitted that the State party had failed to address his claims.	2017年6月23日，提交人在对缔约国意见的评论中称，缔约国没有处理他的申诉。
4.	4.
The author finally submits that the courts failed to establish how the restrictions on his right to freedom of expression, although based on the national legislation, were necessary and fall within one of the justifications as prescribed by articles 19 (3) and 21 of the Covenant.	提交人最后称，法院未能证明对他表达自由权的限制(尽管以国内法为依据)如何必要，并且属于《公约》第十九条第三款和第二十一条规定的理由之一。
Issues and proceedings before the Committee	委员会需处理的问题和议事情况
Consideration of admissibility	审议可否受理
5.	5.
Before considering any claim contained in a communication, the Committee must decide, in accordance with rule 97 of its rules of procedure, whether the communication is admissible under the Optional Protocol.	在审议来文所载的任何请求之前，委员会必须根据其议事规则第97条，决定来文是否符合《任择议定书》规定的受理条件。
6.	6.
The Committee has ascertained, as required under article 5 (2) (a) of the Optional Protocol, that the same matter is not being examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement.	根据《任择议定书》第五条第二款(子)项的要求，委员会已确定同一事项不在另一国际调查或解决程序审查之中。
7.	7.
The author claims that the State party violated its obligations under article 14 (3) (b) of the Covenant because he did not have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and could not communicate with counsel of his own choosing.	提交人称缔约国违背了《公约》第十四条第三款(丑)项规定的义务，因为他没有足够的时间和便利来准备辩护，也无法与自己选择的律师沟通。
8.	8.
The author alleges that, according to article 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol, the Committee does not consider communications until it ensures that the author has exhausted all available domestic remedies.	提交人声称，根据《任择议定书》第五条第二款(丑)项，委员会在确保提交人用尽所有可用的国内补救办法之前不会审议来文。
9.	9.
The Committee recalls its jurisprudence to the effect that authors must avail themselves of all domestic remedies in order to fulfil the requirement of article 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol, insofar as such remedies appear to be effective in the given case and are de facto available to the author.	委员会回顾其判例，即提交人必须用尽所有国内补救办法，以满足《任择议定书》第五条第二款(丑)项的要求，只要这些补救办法在当前案件中似乎有效，且提交人实际上可以利用这些办法。
The Committee recalls its jurisprudence according to which the author must exhaust, for the purpose of article 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol, all judicial or administrative remedies insofar as such remedies offer a reasonable prospect of redress and are de facto available to the author.	委员会回顾其判例指出，提交人必须按照《任择议定书》第五条第二款(丑)项的规定，用尽可为其提供合理补救预期且实际上可以采用的所有司法或行政补救办法。
10.	10.
The Committee recalls its jurisprudence stating that, although there is no obligation to exhaust domestic remedies if they have no chance of being successful, authors of communications must exercise due diligence in the pursuit of available remedies and that mere doubts or assumptions about their effectiveness do not absolve the authors from exhausting them.	委员会回顾其判例指出，尽管如果国内补救办法没有成功的机会，也就没有用尽国内补救办法的义务，但是来文提交人仍必须履行尽责义务寻求可用的补救办法，单凭对补救办法有效性的怀疑或假设并不能免除提交人用尽这类办法的义务。
11.	11.
The Committee takes note of the author’s claim that he has exhausted all the domestic remedies available to him.	委员会注意到提交人称，他已经用尽所有可用的国内补救办法。
In the absence of an objection by the State party, the Committee considers that the requirements of article 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol have been met for the purposes of admissibility.	鉴于缔约国没有提出异议，委员会认为，为受理目的，《任择议定书》第五条第二款(丑)项的要求已经满足。
In the light of the foregoing, the Committee concludes that the author has exhausted all domestic remedies that can reasonably be considered available and effective, in accordance with article 14 (2) of the Convention.	鉴于上述情况，委员会得出结论认为，根据《公约》第十四条第二款，提交人已经用尽了所有可合理认为是可用和有效的国内补救办法。
The Committee notes that, in the present case, the author has exhausted all available domestic remedies, including those that constitute supervisory review proceedings, and, therefore, considers that it is not precluded by article 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol from examining the present communication.	委员会注意到，在本案中，提交人已经用尽了所有可用的国内补救办法，包括构成监督复审程序的补救办法，因此认为《任择议定书》第五条第二款(丑)项不妨碍委员会审议本来文。
12.	12.
The Committee takes note of the State party’s submission that the communication had been brought before the Committee by third party individuals instead of the author himself.	委员会注意到缔约国称，来文是由第三方个人而不是提交人本人提交委员会的。
In that respect, the Committee recalls that rule 99 (b) of its rules of procedure provides that a communication should normally be submitted by the individual personally or by that individual’s representative.	在这方面，委员会回顾其议事规则第99条(b)项规定，一般来讲，来文应由有关个人本人或其代表提交。
13.	13.
The Committee takes note of the State party’s argument that the author has failed to file a petition for supervisory review with the Office of the Prosecutor General.	委员会注意到缔约国称，提交人未向检察长办公室提出监督复审请求。
The Committee recalls its jurisprudence, according to which a petition to a Prosecutor’s Office requesting a review of court decisions that have taken effect does not constitute a remedy that has to be exhausted for the purposes of article 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol.	委员会回顾其判例，根据该判例，向检察官办公室提出请求，要求复审已经生效的法院裁决，并不构成《任择议定书》第五条第二款(丑)项所规定的必须用尽的补救办法。
It also considers that filing a request for supervisory review to the Chair of a court with regard to court decisions that have entered into force and depend on the discretionary power of a judge constitutes an extraordinary remedy and that the State party must show that there is a reasonable prospect that such requests would provide an effective remedy in the circumstances of the case.	委员会还认为，就已经生效并取决于法官酌处权的法院裁决向法院院长提出监督复审请求是一种特殊的补救办法，缔约国必须表明，在本案情况下，这种请求会提供有效补救的合理前景。
14.	14.
The Committee further notes the author’s claim that his rights under article 19, read in conjunction with article 2 (2), of the Covenant were violated.	委员会还注意到，提交人声称他根据《公约》第十九条(与第二条第二款一并解读)享有的权利受到侵犯。
The Committee recalls its jurisprudence, which indicates that the provisions of article 2 of the Covenant set forth a general obligation for States parties and cannot give rise, when invoked separately, to a claim in a communication under the Optional Protocol.	委员会回顾其判例，其中指出，《公约》第二条规定了缔约国的一般义务，在根据《任择议定书》提交的来文中，不能单独援引该条提出申诉。
The Committee also considers that the provisions of article 2 cannot be invoked as a claim in a communication under the Optional Protocol in conjunction with other provisions of the Covenant, except when the failure by the State party to observe its obligations under article 2 is the proximate cause of a distinct violation of the Covenant directly affecting the individual claiming to be a victim.	委员会还认为，在根据《任择议定书》提交的来文中，不得结合《公约》其他条款援引第二条提出申诉，除非缔约国不遵守第二条规定的义务直接导致该国明确违反了《公约》，进而对自称受害者的个人产生了直接影响。
The Committee notes, however, that the author has already alleged a violation of his rights under article 19, resulting from the interpretation and application of the existing laws of the State party, and the Committee does not consider that an examination of whether the State party also violated its general obligations under article 2 (2) of the Covenant, read in conjunction with article 19, to be distinct from the examination of the violation of the author’s rights under article 19.	然而，委员会注意到提交人已经声称，是缔约国现行法律的解释和适用导致其根据第十九条享有的权利受到侵犯，而且委员会并不认为，审查缔约国是否违反了与第十九条一并解读的《公约》第二条第二款规定的一般义务，与审查是否侵犯了提交人根据第十九条享有的权利存在区别。
The Committee therefore considers that the author’s claims in this regard are incompatible with article 2 of the Covenant, and inadmissible under article 3 of the Optional Protocol.	因此，委员会认为提交人在这方面的申诉不符合《公约》第二条，根据《任择议定书》第三条不可受理。
15.	15.
The State party submits, therefore, that in the absence of any circumstances justifying such a delay by the author in submitting his communication to the Committee, the author’s claims under article 14 (3) of the Covenant should be declared inadmissible under article 3 of the Optional Protocol, as constituting an abuse of the right of submission.	因此，缔约国认为，在没有任何情况证明提交人有合理理由延迟向委员会提交来文的情况下，应根据《任择议定书》第三条宣布提交人根据《公约》第十四条第三款提出的申诉不可受理，因为该申诉构成滥用提交来文的权利。
16.	16.
The Committee thus considers that the author has failed to provide a convincing explanation for the delay in submission.	因此，委员会认为，提交人未能对延迟提交作出令人信服的解释。
In the absence of such an explanation, the Committee considers that submitting the communication after such a long lapse of time constitutes an abuse of the right of submission.	在没有这种解释的情况下，委员会认为，经过这么长时间才提交来文构成滥用提交权。
Therefore, the Committee finds the communication inadmissible under article 3 of the Optional Protocol and rule 99 (c) of the Committee’s rules of procedure.	因此，委员会认为，根据《任择议定书》第三条和委员会议事规则第99条(c)项，来文不可受理。
17.	17.
The Committee also considers that the author has failed to substantiate his claims under article 19 read in conjunction with article 2 (3) of the Covenant and therefore declares this part of the communication inadmissible.	委员会还认为，提交人未能证实他根据与《公约》第二条第三款一并解读的第十九条提出的申诉，因此宣布来文的这一部分不可受理。
18.	18.
The Committee considers that the author has sufficiently substantiated the remaining claims under article 19 of the Covenant for the purpose of admissibility, and therefore proceeds with the consideration of the merits.	委员会认为，就可否受理而言，提交人充分证实了根据《公约》第十九条提出的其余申诉，因此着手审议实质问题。
Consideration of the merits	审议实质问题
19.	19.
The Committee has considered the communication in the light of all the information submitted by the parties, in accordance with article 5 (1) of the Optional Protocol.	委员会根据《任择议定书》第五条第一款，结合各当事方提交的所有资料审议了本来文。
20.	20.
The Committee recalls its general comment No. 31 (2004) on the nature of the general legal obligation imposed on States parties to the Covenant, in which it referred to the obligation of States parties not to extradite, deport, expel or otherwise remove a person from their territory when there were substantial grounds for believing that there was a real risk of irreparable harm such as that contemplated by articles 6 and 7 of the Covenant.	委员会回顾关于《公约》缔约国的一般法律义务性质的第31号一般性意见(2004年)，其中指出，如果有充分理由相信存在《公约》第六条和第七条所设想的造成不可弥补伤害的真实风险，则缔约国有义务不将有关个人引渡、遣返、驱逐或以其他方式逐出其国境。
The Committee has also indicated that the risk must be personal and that there is a high threshold for providing substantial grounds to establish that a real risk of irreparable harm exists.	委员会还指出，此种风险必须是个人的，而且具有较高门槛，须提供充分理由，证明存在造成不可弥补伤害的真实风险。
All relevant facts and circumstances must be considered, including the general human rights situation in the author’s country of origin.	必须考虑所有相关事实和情况，包括提交人原籍国的总体人权状况。
21.	21.
The Committee recalls its jurisprudence that considerable weight should be given to the assessment conducted by the State party, and that it is generally for the organs of the States parties to the Covenant to review and evaluate facts and evidence in order to determine whether such risk exists, unless it is found that the evaluation was clearly arbitrary or amounted to a manifest error or denial of justice.	委员会回顾其判例，其中指出，应对缔约国的评估给予相当的重视，且通常应由《公约》缔约国的机关来审查和评价事实及证据，以确定是否存在此种风险，除非认定缔约国的评估显然具有任意性或构成明显错误或司法不公。
22.	22.
In accordance with article 2 (1) of the Covenant, in which it is established that States parties undertake to respect and to ensure to all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction the rights recognized in the Covenant, the State party is under an obligation to proceed to a review of the author's case taking into account the State party's obligations under the Covenant and the present Views of the Committee.	《公约》第二条第一款规定，各缔约国承诺尊重和保证在其领土内和受其管辖的所有个人享有《公约》承认的权利，根据该条款，缔约国有义务对提交人的申诉进行审查，并应考虑缔约国根据《公约》承担的义务和委员会的本意见。
The State party is also requested to refrain from expelling the author while his request for asylum is being reconsidered.	还请缔约国在重新审议提交人的庇护请求期间不要将其驱逐。
23.	23.
The Committee refers to paragraph 2 of its general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression, in which it states that freedom of opinion and freedom of expression are indispensable conditions for the full development of the person and that such freedoms are essential for any society.They constitute the foundation stone for every free and democratic society.	委员会援引其关于意见和表达自由的第34号一般性意见(2011年)第2段，其中委员会指出，意见和表达自由是个人全面发展不可或缺的条件，这些自由在任何社会都是必要的，是每一个自由民主社会的基石。
The Committee recalls that article 19 (3) of the Covenant allows certain restrictions only as are provided by law and are necessary	委员会回顾指出，《公约》第十九条第三款允许某些限制，但以经法律规定，且为下列各项所必要者为限：
(a) for respect of the rights and reputation of others and	(a) 尊重他人的权利或名誉；
(b) for the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals.	或(b) 保障国家安全或公共秩序，或公共卫生或道德。
Any restriction on the exercise of such freedoms must conform to the strict tests of necessity and proportionality.	对行使这些自由的任何限制都必须符合必要性和相称性的严格标准。
Restrictions must be applied only for those purposes for which they were prescribed and must be directly related to the specific need on which they are predicated.	施加限制仅限于明文规定的目的，并且必须与所指特定需要直接相关。
Finally, any restriction on freedom of expression must not be overly broad in nature – that is, it must be the least intrusive among the measures that might achieve the relevant protective function and must be proportionate to the interest to be protected.	最后，对表达自由的任何限制不得过于宽泛，即在可达到相关保护作用的措施中侵犯性最小，并且与要保护的利益相称。
The Committee recalls that it is for the State party to demonstrate that the restrictions on the author’s rights under article 19 of the Covenant were necessary and proportionate.	委员会回顾，应由缔约国证明对提交人根据《公约》第十九条享有的权利所施加的限制是必要而且相称的。
24.	24.
The Committee considers that, in the circumstances of the case, the limitations on the author’s rights, although imposed on the basis of domestic law, were not shown to be justified and proportional pursuant to the conditions set out in article 19 (3) of the Covenant.	委员会认为，在本案情况下，对提交人权利的限制虽然以国内法为依据，但并没有证明根据《公约》第十九条第三款规定的条件是合理和相称的。
It therefore concludes that the author’s rights under article 19 (2) of the Covenant have been violated.	因此，委员会得出结论认为，提交人根据《公约》第十九条第二款享有的权利遭到了侵犯。
25.	25.
The Committee, acting under article 5 (4) of the Optional Protocol, is of the view that the facts before it disclose a violation by the State party of article 19 of the Covenant.	委员会依《任择议定书》第五条第四款行事，认为现有事实显示存在缔约国违反《公约》第十九条的情况。
The Committee, acting under article 5 (4) of the Optional Protocol, is of the view that the facts before it disclose a violation by the State party of article 19, alone and read in conjunction with article 2 (2) and (3) (b), of the Covenant.	委员会依《任择议定书》第五条第四款行事，认为现有事实显示缔约国违反了《公约》第十九条(单独解读以及与第二条第二款和第三款(丑)项一并解读)。
The Committee, acting under article 5 (4) of the Optional Protocol, is of the view that the facts before it disclose a violation by the State party of Mr Zhukovsky’ s rights under article 19, alone and read in conjunction with article 2 (2) and (3) (b), of the Covenant.	委员会依《任择议定书》第五条第四款行事，认为现有事实显示缔约国侵犯了Zhukovsky先生根据《公约》第十九条(单独解读以及与第二条第二款和第三款(丑)项一并解读)享有的权利。
26.	26.
Pursuant to article 2 (3) (a) of the Covenant, the State party is under an obligation to provide the author with an effective remedy.	根据《公约》第二条第三款(子)项，缔约国有义务给予提交人有效的补救。
This requires it to make full reparation to individuals whose Covenant rights have been violated.	这要求缔约国向《公约》权利受到侵犯的个人提供充分赔偿。
Accordingly, the State party is obligated, inter alia, to take appropriate steps to reimburse any expenses incurred by the author and to provide him with adequate compensation.	因此，缔约国有义务除其他外，采取适当步骤偿还提交人发生的任何费用，并向其提供适当补偿。
The State party is also under an obligation to take all steps necessary to prevent similar violations in the future.	缔约国还有义务采取一切必要步骤，防止今后发生类似的侵权行为。
In that regard, the Committee reiterates that, pursuant to its obligations under article 2 (2) of the Covenant, the State party should review its legislation with a view to ensuring that the rights under articles 19 and 21 of the Covenant may be fully enjoyed in the State party.	在这方面，委员会重申，根据《公约》第二条第二款规定的义务，缔约国应审查其立法，以确保可在缔约国充分享有《公约》第十九条和第二十一条规定的权利。
27.	27.
Bearing in mind that, by becoming a party to the Optional Protocol, the State party has recognized the competence of the Committee to determine whether there has been a violation of the Covenant and that, pursuant to article 2 of the Covenant, the State party has undertaken to ensure to all individuals within its territory or subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the Covenant and to provide an effective and enforceable remedy when it has been determined that a violation has occurred, the Committee wishes to receive from the State party, within 180 days, information about the measures taken to give effect to the Committee’s Views.	缔约国加入《任择议定书》即已承认委员会有权确定是否存在违反《公约》的情况，而且根据《公约》第二条，缔约国也已承诺确保在其领土内和受其管辖的所有个人享有《公约》承认的权利，并承诺如违约行为经确定成立，即予以有效且可强制执行的补救。 鉴此，委员会希望缔约国在180天内提供资料，说明采取措施落实委员会《意见》的情况。
The State party is also requested to publish the present Views and disseminate them widely in the official languages of the State party.	此外，还请缔约国公布本意见，并以缔约国的官方语言广泛传播。
28.	28.
The Human Rights Committee therefore decides:	因此，人权事务委员会决定：
(a)	(a)
That the communication is inadmissible under articles 3 and 5 (2) (b) of the Optional Protocol;	根据《任择议定书》第三条和第五条第二款(丑)项，来文不予受理；
(b)	(b)
That this decision shall be transmitted to the State party and to the author of the communication.	将本决定转交缔约国和来文提交人。
* Adopted by the Committee at its 128th session (2–27 March 2020).	* 委员会第一百二十八届会议(2020年3月2日至27日)通过。
** The following members of the Committee participated in the examination of the communication: Yadh Ben Achour, Arif Bulkan, Ahmed Amin Fathalla, Christof Heyns, Bamariam Koita, Marcia V.J. Kran, Duncan Laki Muhumuza, Photini Pazartzis, Hernán Quezada Cabrera, Vasilka Sancin, José Manuel Santos Pais, Yuval Shany, Hélène Tigroudja, Andreas Zimmermann and Gentian Zyberi.	** 委员会下列委员参加了本来文的审查：亚兹·本·阿舒尔、阿里夫·布尔坎、艾哈迈德·阿明·法萨拉、克里斯托夫·海恩斯、巴马里阿姆·科伊塔、马西娅·克兰、邓肯·莱基·穆胡穆扎、福蒂妮·帕扎尔齐斯、埃尔南·克萨达·卡夫雷拉、瓦西尔卡·桑钦、若泽·曼努埃尔·桑托斯·派斯、尤瓦尔·沙尼、埃莱娜·提格乎德加、安德烈亚斯·齐默尔曼和根提安·齐伯利。
In accordance with rule 108 of the Committee’s rules of procedure, Ilze Brands Kehris did not participate in the examination of the communication.	按照委员会议事规则第108条，伊尔泽·布兰兹·科里斯没有参加本来文的审查。
*** A joint opinion by Committee members Christof Heyns and Photini Pazartzis (dissenting) (partially dissenting) (concurring) (partially concurring) (partly concurring, partly dissenting) is annexed to the present Views.	*** 委员会委员克里斯托夫·海恩斯和福蒂妮·帕扎尔齐斯的联合意见(不同意见)（部分不同意见）(同意意见)（部分同意意见）（部分同意，部分不同意）附于本意见之后。