Template-CMW-Concluding Observation CMW结论性意见E 20231106.docx (English)	Template-CMW-Concluding Observation CMW结论性意见C 20231106.docx (Chinese)
United Nations	联 合 国
CMW/C/ALB/CO/2	CMW/C/ALB/CO/2
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families	保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
Distr.: General	Distr.: General
8 May 2019	8 May 2019
Original: English	Chinese Original: English
Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families	保护所有移民工人及其家庭成员权利委员会
Concluding observations on the initial report of Libya	关于利比亚初次报告的结论性意见
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Albania	关于阿尔巴尼亚第二次定期报告的结论性意见
1.	1.
The Committee considered the second periodic report of Albania (CMW/C/ALB/2) at its 411th and 412th meetings (CMW/C/SR.411 and CMW/C/SR.412), held on 1 and 2 April 2019. At its 429th meeting, held on 12 April 2019, it adopted the present concluding observations.	委员会在2019年4月1日和2日举行的第411和第412次会议(CMW/C/SR.411和CMW/C/SR.412)上审议了阿尔巴尼亚的第二次定期报告(CMW/C/ALB/2)，并在2019年4月12日举行的第429次会议上通过了本结论性意见。
A.	A.
Introduction	导言
2.	2.
The Committee welcomes the submission of the third periodic report of the State party, its replies to the list of issues (CMW/C/BIH/Q/3/Add.1) and the additional information provided by the high-level and multisectoral delegation.	委员会欢迎缔约国提交第三次定期报告、对问题清单的答复(CMW/C/BIH/Q/3/Add.1)以及高级别多部门代表团提供的补充资料。
3.	3.
Notwithstanding the fact that the Committee recognizes, for the most part, Bosnia and Herzegovina as a country of origin of migrant workers, it also considers it as a country of transit and destination.	尽管委员会承认波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那在很大程度上是移民工人的来源国，但也认为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那是过境国和目的地国。
4.	4.
The Committee notes that some States where Albanian migrant workers are employed are not parties to the Convention, which may constitute an obstacle to the enjoyment by migrant workers of their rights under the Convention.	委员会注意到，一些雇用阿尔巴尼亚移民工人的国家并不是《公约》缔约国，这可能对移民工人享有《公约》规定的权利构成障碍。
B.	B.
Positive aspects	积极方面
5.	5.
The Committee reiterates its appreciation for the State party’s efforts to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers abroad.	委员会重申赞赏缔约国为促进和保护国外移民工人的权利所作的努力。
6.	6.
The Committee also notes as positive the standing invitation extended by the State party to the special procedures of the Human Rights Council in December 2009.	委员会还注意到缔约国2009年12月向人权理事会各特别程序发出了长期有效的邀请，认为这具有积极意义。
7.	7.
The Committee welcomes the adoption of the following legislative measures:	委员会欢迎缔约国采取以下立法措施：
8.	8.
The Committee also welcomes the following institutional and policy measures:	委员会还欢迎以下体制和政策措施：
9.	9.
The Committee notes that the State party voted in favour of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and recommends that the State party work towards its implementation, ensuring full compliance with the Convention.	委员会注意到，缔约国投票赞成《安全、有序和正常移民全球契约》，并建议缔约国努力落实该契约，从而确保充分遵守《公约》。
C.	C.
Factors and difficulties impeding the implementation of the Convention	妨碍执行《公约》的因素和困难
D.	D.
Principal subjects of concern and recommendations	关注的主要问题和建议
1.	1.
General measures of implementation (arts. 73 and 84)	一般执行措施(第73和第84条)
Legislation and application	立法和适用
Legislation and implementation	立法和执行
Articles 76 and 77	第76和第77条
10.	10.
The Committee notes that the State party has not yet made the declarations provided for in articles 76 and 77 of the Convention whereby it would recognize the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from States parties and individuals concerning violations of the rights enshrined in the Convention.	委员会注意到，缔约国尚未作出《公约》第76和第77条所规定的声明，承认委员会有权接收和审议缔约国和个人提交的关于《公约》所载权利受到侵犯的来文。
11.	11.
The Committee encourages the State party to consider making the declarations provided for in articles 76 and 77 of the Convention.	委员会鼓励缔约国考虑作出《公约》第76和第77条所规定的声明。
The Committee recommends that the State party consider making the declarations provided for in articles 76 and 77 of the Convention recognizing the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from States parties and individuals concerning violations of rights established by the Convention.	委员会建议缔约国考虑作出《公约》第76和第77条所规定的声明，承认委员会有权接收和审议缔约国和个人提交的关于《公约》所载权利受到侵犯的来文。
Ratification of relevant instruments	批准相关文书
12.	12.
The Committee notes that the State party has ratified almost all the major human rights treaties and a number of ILO conventions.	委员会注意到，缔约国已批准几乎所有主要人权条约和若干劳工组织公约。
13.	13.
The Committee recommends that the State party consider ratifying or acceding to the above instruments as soon as possible.	委员会建议缔约国考虑尽快批准或加入上述文书。
Comprehensive policy and strategy	全面的政策和战略
Coordination	协调
Data collection	数据收集
14.	14.
The Committee recommends that the State party establish a centralized and comprehensive database covering all aspects of the Convention, and collect data on the status of migrant workers in the State party.	委员会建议缔约国建立涵盖《公约》所有方面的集中式综合数据库，收集缔约国内移民工人状况的数据。
It also encourages the State party to compile information and statistics, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality, reason for entry or departure from the country and the type of work performed, in order to effectively inform relevant policies and the application of the Convention, in line with target 17.18 of the Sustainable Development Goals.	委员会还鼓励缔约国依照可持续发展目标具体目标17.18，按性别、年龄、国籍、入境和离境原因以及所从事工作种类，分类汇编有关资料和统计数据，为相关政策和《公约》的适用提供有效参考。
In cases where it is not possible to obtain precise information, for example in the case of migrant workers in an irregular situation, the Committee requests that the State party provide data based on studies or estimates.	如无法获得准确信息，例如非正常移民工人的准确信息，委员会请缔约国提供基于研究或估算得出的数据。
Independent monitoring	独立监测
15.	15.
The Committee recommends that the State party provide adequate human, technical and financial resources to the national human rights commission to enable it to effectively discharge its mandate in full compliance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles) and to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers and members of their families under the Convention, including when addressing complaints from migrant workers and monitoring the conditions in places where migrant workers may be deprived of liberty.	委员会建议缔约国向国家人权委员会提供充足的人力、技术和财政资源，使其能够在充分遵守《关于促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位的原则》(《巴黎原则》)的情况下有效履行任务，并促进和保护移民工人及其家庭成员依《公约》享有的权利，包括在处理移民工人的申诉和监测移民工人可能被剥夺自由场所的条件方面。
Training on and dissemination of the Convention	有关《公约》的培训和宣传
Participation of civil society	民间社会的参与
16.	16.
The Committee recommends that the State party proactively and systematically involve civil society and non-governmental organizations in the implementation of the Convention, including in the planning and implementation of migration policy, as well as in the preparation of its next periodic report.	委员会建议缔约国积极主动并系统性地吸收民间社会和非政府组织参与《公约》的执行，包括移民政策的规划和实施以及下次定期报告的编写工作。
Corruption	腐败
2.	2.
General principles (arts. 7 and 83)	一般原则(第7和第83条)
Non-discrimination	不歧视
Right to an effective remedy	有效补救权
17.	17.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that migrant workers and members of their families, including those in an irregular situation, have, in law and in practice, opportunities equal to those of nationals of the State party to file complaints and to obtain effective redress in courts in cases where their rights under the Convention have been violated.	委员会建议缔约国在移民工人(包括非正常移民工人)及其家庭成员依《公约》享有的权利遭到侵犯时，确保他们在法律和实践中拥有与缔约国国民平等的机会，可向法庭提交申诉和获得有效补救。
The Committee also recommends that the State party take additional measures to inform migrant workers and members of their families, including those in an irregular situation, about judicial remedies and reparations available to them in cases of violation of their rights under the Convention.	委员会还建议缔约国采取进一步措施，让移民工人(包括非正常移民工人)及其家庭成员了解在其依《公约》享有的权利遭到侵犯时可诉诸的司法补救措施和赔偿。
3.	3.
Human rights of all migrant workers and members of their families (arts. 8–35)	所有移民工人及其家庭成员的人权(第8至第35条)
Freedom to leave any state	离开任何国家的自由
Protection from violence, physical injury, threats and intimidation	受到保护免受暴力、身体伤害、威胁和恐吓
Labour exploitation and other forms of ill-treatment	劳动剥削和其他形式的虐待
Conditions of detention	拘留条件
Remuneration and conditions of work	薪酬和工作条件
Border management and migrants in transit	边境管理和过境移民
Due process, detention and equality before the courts	正当程序、拘留和在法庭上的平等
Expulsion	驱逐
Consular assistance	领事协助
Freedom to join and take part in meetings of trade unions	自由加入工会和参加工会会议
Social security	社会保障
Medical care	医疗保健
Birth registration and nationality	出生登记和国籍
Education	教育
Transfer of earnings and savings	汇出收入和储蓄
Right to be informed and dissemination of information	知情权和信息传播
4.	4.
Other rights of migrant workers and members of their families who are documented or in a regular situation (arts. 36–56)	有证件或身份正常的移民工人及其家庭成员的其他权利(第36至第56条)
Right to vote and to be elected in State of origin	在原籍国的选举权和被选举权
Family reunification	家庭团聚
5.	5.
Provisions applicable to particular categories of migrant workers and members of their families (arts. 57-63)	适用于特殊类别移民工人及其家庭成员的规定(第57至第63条)
Seasonal workers	季节工人
6.	6.
Promotion of sound, equitable, humane and lawful conditions in connection with international migration of workers and members of their families (arts. 64–71)	促进工人及其家庭成员国际移民的合理、公平、人道和合法的条件(第64至第71条)
Children in situations of international migration	国际移民中的儿童
International cooperation with countries of transit and destination	与过境国和目的地国的国际合作
Migrant domestic workers	移民家政工人
Recruitment agencies	招聘机构
Return and reintegration	返回和重新融入
Illegal or clandestine movements and employment of migrant workers in an irregular situation	非正常移民工人的非法或秘密流动和就业
Measures to address migrant workers in an irregular situation	对待非正常移民工人的措施
Children remaining behind	留守儿童
Trafficking in persons	贩运人口
Trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants	贩运人口和偷运移民
Smuggling of migrants and irregular migration	偷运移民和非正常移民
Regularization	正常化
Repatriation of bodies	遗体送返
7.	7.
Dissemination and follow-up	传播和后续落实
Dissemination	传播
18.	18.
The Committee requests the State party to ensure the timely dissemination of the present concluding observations, in the official language of the State party, to the relevant State institutions at all levels, including to government ministries, the legislature, the judiciary and relevant local authorities, as well as to non-governmental organizations and other members of civil society.	委员会请缔约国确保以本国官方语言向各级相关国家机构(包括政府部委、立法部门、司法部门和相关地方当局)以及非政府组织和民间社会其他成员及时传播本结论性意见。
Technical assistance	技术援助
19.	19.
The Committee recommends that the State party avail itself of international assistance for the implementation of the recommendations contained in the present concluding observations in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.	委员会建议缔约国寻求国际援助，依照《2030年可持续发展议程》落实本结论性意见所载各项建议。
It also recommends that the State party continue its cooperation with specialized agencies and programmes of the United Nations.	它还建议缔约国继续与联合国各专门机构和方案合作。
Follow-up to concluding observations	后续落实结论性意见
20.	20.
The Committee requests the State party to provide, within two years (that is, by 1 May 2021), written information on the implementation of the recommendations contained in paragraphs 34 and 36, on due process, detention and equality before the courts; paragraph 60, on children in situations of international migration; and paragraph 72, on the smuggling of migrants and irregular migration.	委员会请缔约国在两年内(即2021年5月1日前)提供书面资料，说明第34和第36段所载关于正当程序、拘留和在法庭上的平等、第60段所载关于国际移民中的儿童以及第72段所载关于偷运移民和非正常移民的各项建议的落实情况。
Next periodic report	下次定期报告
21.	21.
The Committee requests the State party to submit its third periodic report by 1 May 2024.	委员会请缔约国在2024年5月1日前提交第三次定期报告。
In doing so, the State party may wish to follow the simplified reporting procedure.	缔约国不妨采用简化报告程序提交报告。
The Committee draws the State party’s attention to its harmonized treaty-specific guidelines (HRI/GEN/2/Rev.6).	委员会提请缔约国注意其条约专要文件协调准则 (HRI/GEN/2/Rev.6)。
* Adopted by the Committee at its thirtieth session (1–12 April 2019).	* 委员会第三十届会议(2019年4月1日至12日)通过。